第二节　著作权和相关权利

Section B
Copyright And Related Rights

Section H:
Copyright and Related Rights

H节：版权和相关权

第十条　作者、表演者和录音制品制作者的专有权

Article 11.10: Exclusive Rights of Authors, Performers, and Producers of Phonograms

Article 18.59: Right of Communication to the Public

第18.59条：向公众传播权

　　一、每一缔约方应当授予作品的作者专有权，授权其以有线或无线的方式向公众传播作品，包括通过使公众可在个人选定的地点和时间获得其作品的方式提供。

1.　Each Party shall provide to authors of works the exclusive right to authorise any communication to the public of their works, by wire or wireless means, including the making available to the public of their works in such a way that members of the public may access these works from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

　　Without prejudice to Article 11(1)(ii), Article 11bis(1)(i) and (ii), Article 11ter(1)(ii), Article 14(1)(ii), and Article 14bis(1) of the Berne Convention, each Party shall provide to authors the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit the communication to the public of their works, by wire or wireless means, including the making available to the public of their works in such a way that members of the public may access these works from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.⁶⁶

　　在不损害《伯尔尼公约》第11条第（1）款（ii）项、第11条之二第（1）款（i）项和第（1）款（ii）项、第11条之三第（1）款（ii）目、第14条第（1）款（ii）项和第14条之二第（1）款的情况下，每一缔约方应给予作者授权或禁止以有线或无线方式向公众传播其作品的专有权，包括向公众提供其作品，从而使公众人士可在个人选择的地点和时间获得这些作品。⁶⁶

⁶⁶The Parties understand that the mere provision of physical facilities for enabling or making a communication does not in itself amount to communication within the meaning of this Chapter or the Berne Convention. The Parties further understand that nothing in this Article precludes a Party from applying Article 11bis(2) of the Berne Convention.

⁶⁶缔约方理解，仅提供实体设施使传播成为可能或进行传播本身并不意味着属本章或《伯尔尼公约》范围内的传播。缔约方进一步理解，本条中任何内容不阻止一缔约方适用《伯尔尼公约》第11条之二第（2）款。

Article 18.62: Related Rights

第18.62条：相关权利

1.　Each Party shall accord the rights provided for in this Chapter with respect to performers and producers of phonograms: to the performers and producers of phonograms that are nationals⁶⁸ of another Party; and to performances or phonograms first published or first fixed⁶⁹ in the territory of another Party.⁷⁰ A performance or phonogram shall be considered first published in the territory of a Party if it is published in the territory of that Party within 30 days of its original publication.

　　1．每一缔约方应将本章中所规定的表演者和录音制品制作者的权利授予：属另一缔约方国民⁶⁸的表演者和录音制品制作者；在另一缔约方领土内首次发表或首次固定⁶⁹的表演或录音制品。⁷⁰如表演或录音制品在其最初发表后30天内在一缔约方领土内发表，则该表演或录音制品应被视为在该缔约方领土内首次发表。

⁶⁸For the purposes of determining criteria for eligibility under this Article, with respect to performers, a Party may treat “nationals” as those who would meet the criteria for eligibility under Article 3 of the WPPT.

⁶⁸就确定本条下资格标准而言，对于表演者，一缔约方可将“国民”视为会满足WPPT第3条下资格标准的人。

⁶⁹For the purposes of this Article, fixation means the finalisation of the master tape or its equivalent.

⁶⁹就本条而言，固定指母带或其同等物的定稿。

⁷⁰For greater certainty, in this paragraph with respect to performances or phonograms first published or first fixed in the territory of a Party, a Party may apply the criterion of publication, or alternatively, the criterion of fixation, or both. For greater certainty, consistent with Article 18.8 (National Treatment), each Party shall accord to performances and phonograms first published or first fixed in the territory of another Party treatment no less favourable than it accords to performances or phonograms first published or first fixed in its own territory.

⁷⁰为进一步明确，在本款中，对于在一缔约方领土内首次发表或首次固定的表演或录音制品，一缔约方可适用发表的标准，或作为替代，适用固定的标准，或两者均适用。为进一步明确，在与第18.8条（国民待遇）相一致的前提下，每一缔约方应授予在另一缔约方领土内首次发表或首次固定的表演和录音制品不低于其授予在其本国领土内首次发表或首次固定的表演或录音制品的待遇。

2.　Each Party shall provide to performers the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit:

　　2．每一缔约方应给予表演者授权或禁止下列行为的专有权：

(a) the broadcasting and communication to the public of their unfixed performances, unless the performance is already a broadcast performance; and

　　（a）广播或向公众传播其未固定的表演，除非该表演已属广播表演；及

(b) the fixation of their unfixed performances.

　　（b）固定其尚未固定的表演。

　　二、每一缔约方应当授予表演者和录音制品制作者⁵专有权，授权其以有线或无线的方式向公众提供以录音制品录制的表演和录音制品，使公众可在个人选定的地点和时间获得该作品。

2.　Each Party shall provide to performers and producers of phonograms⁵ the exclusive right to authorise the making available to the public of their performances fixed in phonograms and phonograms, respectively, by wire or wireless means, in such a way that members of the public may access them from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

3.　(a) Each Party shall provide to performers and producers of phonograms the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit the broadcasting or any communication to the public of their performances or phonograms, by wire or wireless means,^71,72 and the making available to the public of those performances or phonograms in such a way that members of the public may access them from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

　　3.（a）每一缔约方应给予表演者和录音制品制作者授权或禁止以有线或无线方式广播或向公众传播其表演或录音制品的专有权，^71,72并向公众提供这些表演或录音制品，从而使公众人士可在个人选择的地点和时间获得。

⁵就本章而言，一缔约方可将“录音制品制作者”解释为“声音记录的作者”。

⁵For the purposes of this Chapter, a Party may interpret “producers of phonograms” as having the same meaning as “authors of sound recordings”.

参见第18.57条（定义）——录音制品制作者指带头发起并对表演声音、其他声音或声音表现物的首次固定负责的人。

参见第18.57条（定义）——录音制品制作者指带头发起并对表演声音、其他声音或声音表现物的首次固定负责的人。

参见第十一条——获得广播报酬的权利。

参见第十一条——获得广播报酬的权利。

⁷¹With respect to broadcasting and communication to the public, a Party may satisfy the obligation by applying Article 15(1) and Article 15(4) of the WPPT and may also apply Article 15(2) of the WPPT, provided that it is done in a manner consistent with that Party’s obligations under Article 18.8 (National Treatment).

⁷¹关于广播和向公众传播，缔约方可通过适用WPPT第15条第（1）款和第15条第（4）款履行义务，也可适用第15条第（2）款，只要适用方式与该缔约方在第18.8条（国民待遇）下的义务相一致。

⁷²For greater certainty, the obligation under this paragraph does not include broadcasting or communication to the public, by wire or wireless means, of the sounds or representations of sounds fixed in a phonogram that are incorporated in a cinematographic or other audio-visual work.

⁷²为进一步明确，本款下的义务不包括以有线或无线方式广播或向公众传播固定在一电影或其他视听作品中所包含的一录音制品中的声音或声音表现物。

(b) Notwithstanding subparagraph (a) and Article 18.65 (Limitations and Exceptions), the application of the right referred to in subparagraph (a) to analog transmissions and non-interactive free over-the-air broadcasts, and exceptions or limitations to this right for those activities, is a matter of each Party’s law.⁷³

　　（b）尽管有（a）项和第18.65条（限制和例外），但是对模拟传送和非交互式免费无线广播适用（a）项中所指权利及这一权利对这些活动的例外或限制属每一缔约方的法律事项。⁷³

⁷³For the purposes of this subparagraph the Parties understand that a Party may provide for the retransmission of non-interactive, free over-the-air broadcasts, provided that these retransmissions are lawfully permitted by that Party’s government communications authority; any entity engaging in these retransmissions complies with the relevant rules, orders or regulations of that authority; and these retransmissions do not include those delivered and accessed over the Internet. For greater certainty this footnote does not limit a Party’s ability to avail itself of this subparagraph.

⁷³就本项而言，缔约方理解，一缔约方可提供非交互式免费无线广播的转播，只要这些转播经该缔约方政府通信管理机构合法准许；任何从事这些转播的实体遵守该机构的相关规定、命令或法规；且这些转播不包括通过互联网的传送和接入。为进一步明确，本脚注不限制一缔约方利用本项的能力。

Article 18.58: Right of Reproduction

第18.58条：复制权

　　三、每一缔约方应当授予作者、表演者和录音制品制作者专有权，授权或禁止对其作品、固定在录音制品中的表演和录音制品以任何形式或方式进行复制。

3.　Each Party shall provide to authors, performers, and producers of phonograms the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit the reproduction of their works, performances fixed in phonograms, and phonograms in any manner or form.

　　Each Party shall provide⁶⁴ to authors, performers and producers of phonograms⁶⁵ the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit all reproduction of their works, performances or phonograms in any manner or form, including in electronic form.

　　每一缔约方应给予⁶⁴作者、表演者和录音制品制作者⁶⁵授权或禁止对其作品、表演和录音制品以任何方式或形式进行的所有复制的专有权，包括电子形式。

⁶⁴For greater certainty, the Parties understand that it is a matter for each Party’s law to prescribe that works, performances or phonograms in general or any specified categories of works, performances and phonograms are not protected by copyright or related rights unless the work, performance or phonogram has been fixed in some material form.

⁶⁴为进一步明确，缔约方理解，应由每一缔约方的法律规定，一般作品、表演或录音制品或任何特定类别的作品、表演和录音制品不受版权或相关权保护，除非作品、表演或录音制品已经以某种物质形式加以固定。

⁶⁵References to “authors, performers, and producers of phonograms” refer also to any of their successors in interest.

⁶⁵提及“作者、表演者和录音制品制作者”也指其任何利益继承人。

Article 18.60: Right of Distribution

第18.60条：发行权

　　Each Party shall provide to authors, performers and producers of phonograms the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit the making available to the public of the original and copies⁶⁷ of their works, performances and phonograms through sale or other transfer of ownership.

　　每一缔约方应给予作者、表演者和录音制品制作者授权或禁止通过销售或其他所有权转让方式向公众提供其作品、表演和录音制品的原件和复制品⁶⁷的专有权。

⁶⁷The expressions “copies” and “original and copies”, that are subject to the right of distribution in this Article, refer exclusively to fixed copies that can be put into circulation as tangible objects.

⁶⁷本条中发行权所涉的“复制品”和“原件和复制品”的表述专门指可以有形物体发行的已固定复制品。

第十一条　获得广播报酬的权利⁶

Article 11.11: Right to Remuneration for Broadcasting⁶

　　录音制品的表演者和制作者，对于直接或间接使用为商业目的而发行的录音制品进行广播，应当享有获得一次性合理报酬或收取许可使用费的权利。

　　Performers and producers of phonograms shall enjoy the right to a single equitable remuneration, or alternatively the right to receive royalties, for the direct or indirect use of phonograms published for commercial purposes for broadcasting.

关于获得广播报酬的权利，CPTPP脚注71规定缔约方可适用WPPT第15条（因广播和向公众传播获得报酬的权利）第（1）款和第15条第（4）款履行义务，也可适用第15条第（2）款。

WPPT第15条第（1）款正文与RCEP本条正文相同。

关于获得广播报酬的权利，CPTPP脚注71规定缔约方可适用WPPT第15条（因广播和向公众传播获得报酬的权利）第（1）款和第15条第（4）款履行义务，也可适用第15条第（2）款。

WPPT第15条第（1）款正文与RCEP本条正文相同。

⁶当一缔约方已加入或已成为WPPT的缔约方时，该缔约方在本条项下的义务应当受该缔约方在WPPT项下已做出或将作出的任何承诺和保留的约束。

⁶Where a Party is, or becomes, party to the WPPT, that Party’s obligations under this Article shall be subject to any commitments and reservations that that Party has made, or will make, under the WPPT.

第十二条　保护广播组织和载有加密节目的卫星信号

Article 11.12: Protection of Broadcasting Organisations and Encrypted Programme-Carrying Satellite Signals

　　一、每一缔约方应当授予广播组织专有权，禁止至少以无线方式转播其广播，固定其广播以及复制其广播录制品。^7,8

1.　Each Party shall provide to broadcasting organisations the exclusive right to prohibit the re-broadcasting of their broadcasts by at least wireless means, the fixation of their broadcasts, and the reproduction of fixations of their broadcasts.^7,8

⁷如果一缔约方未向广播组织授予此类权力，则应当在遵守《伯尔尼公约》规定的情况下，向广播内容的著作权所有权人提供阻止上述行为的可能性。

⁷Where a Party does not grant such rights to broadcasting organisations, it shall provide owners of copyright in the subject matter of broadcasts with the possibility of preventing the above acts, subject to the provisions of the Berne Convention.

⁸任何成员可以就本款授予的权利，在《罗马公约》允许的限度内，规定条件、限制、例外和保留。

⁸Any Party may, in relation to the rights conferred under this paragraph, provide for conditions, limitations, exceptions, and reservations, to the extent permitted by the Rome Convention.

　　二、每一缔约方应当致力于根据其法律法规，针对以下至少一种行为采取措施：

2.　Each Party shall endeavour to provide measures, in accordance with its laws and regulations, against at least one of the following acts:

　　（一）故意接收⁹；

(a) wilful reception⁹

⁹为进一步明确，并就第二款第（一）项和第（三）项而言，一缔约方可规定，故意接收载有加密节目的卫星或有线电视信号，指接收和使用该信号或者指接收和解码该信号。

⁹For greater certainty and for the purposes of subparagraphs 2(a) and (c), a Party may provide that wilful reception of an encrypted programme-carrying satellite signal means reception and use of the signal, or reception and decoding of the signal.

　　（二）故意传播¹⁰；或

(b) wilful distribution¹⁰; or

¹⁰为进一步明确，并就本款而言，一缔约方可将“传播”解释为 “向公众再转播”。

¹⁰For greater certainty, a Party may interpret “distribution” as “retransmission to the public”.

　　（三）故意接收和进一步传播¹¹

(c) wilful reception and further distribution¹¹,

¹¹为进一步明确，并就本款而言，一缔约方可将“传播”解释为 “向公众再转播”。

¹¹For greater certainty, a Party may interpret “distribution” as “retransmission to the public”.

载有节目的信号，该信号最初为载有加密节目的卫星信号，明知该信号的解码未经该信号的合法分销方授权。

of a programme-carrying signal that originated as an encrypted programme-carrying satellite signal, knowing that it has been decoded without the authorisation of the lawful distributor of the signal.

第十三条　集体管理组织

Article 11.13: Collective Management Organisations

Article 18.70: Collective Management

第18.70条：集体管理

　　一、每一缔约方应当致力于促进建立适当的组织对著作权及相关权利进行集体管理。每一缔约方应当鼓励此类组织以公平、高效、公开透明和对其成员负责的方式运作，包括公开和透明地记录许可使用费¹²的收取和分配。

1.　Each Party shall endeavour to foster the establishment of appropriate organisations for the collective management of copyright and related rights. Each Party shall encourage such organisations to operate in a manner that is fair, efficient, publicly transparent, and accountable to their members, which may include open and transparent record keeping of the collection and distribution of royalties¹².

　　The Parties recognise the important role of collective management societies for copyright and related rights in collecting and distributing royalties¹⁰⁰ based on practices that are fair, efficient, transparent and accountable, which may include appropriate record keeping and reporting mechanisms.

　　缔约方认识到版权和相关权的集体管理组织在基于公平、有效、透明和负责的做法收取和分配许可使用费¹⁰⁰方面的重要性，可包括适当的记录保存和报告机制。

¹²为进一步明确，“许可使用费”可以包括公平的报酬。

¹²For greater certainty, “royalties” may include equitable remuneration.

¹⁰⁰For greater certainty, royalties may include equitable remuneration.

¹⁰⁰为进一步明确，许可使用费可包括合理报酬。

　　二、缔约方认识到促进各自集体管理组织间合作的重要性，以相互确保缔约方之间更容易地许可内容，并鼓励¹³相互转让使用另一缔约方国民的作品或其他受著作权保护的主体的许可使用费。

2.　The Parties recognise the importance of fostering cooperation between their respective collective management organisations for the purposes of mutually ensuring easier licensing of content among the Parties, as well as encouraging¹³ mutual transfer of royalties for use of works or other copyright-protected subject matters of the nationals of another Party.

¹³为进一步明确，“鼓励”并不要求一缔约方介入该缔约方集体管理组织之间的任何合同安排。

¹³For greater certainty, “encouraging” does not require a Party to intercede in any contractual arrangements between collective management organisations.

第十四条　规避有效技术措施

Article 11.14: Circumvention of Effective Technological Measures

Article 18.68: Technological Protection Measures (TPMs)⁸²

第18.68条：技术保护措施（TPMs）⁸²

⁸²Nothing in this Agreement requires a Party to restrict the importation or domestic sale of a device that does not render effective a technological measure the only purpose of which is to control market segmentation for legitimate physical copies of a cinematographic film, and is not otherwise a violation of its law.

⁸²本协定中任何条款不要求一缔约方限制进口或在国内销售一不使技术措施起效的装置，该技术措施的惟一目的是控制电影的合法有形复制件的市场分割，且在其他方面不违反其法律。

　　每一缔约方应当提供充分的法律保护和有效的法律救济以防止规避有效技术措施，该技术措施由作者、表演者、或录音制品制作者采取，与其行使本节项下的权利有关，以限制对其作品、表演、或录音制品的规避行为且该规避行为既未经作者、表演者或相关录音制品制作者授权，也不被该缔约方法律和法规所允许。

　　Each Party shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that are used by authors, performers, or producers of phonograms in connection with the exercise of their rights referred to in this Section and that restrict acts, in respect of their works, performances, or phonograms, which are not authorised by the authors, the performers, or the producers of phonograms concerned or permitted by the laws and regulations of that Party.

1.　In order to provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that authors, performers, and producers of phonograms use in connection with the exercise of their rights and that restrict unauthorised acts in respect of their works, performances, and phonograms, each Party shall provide that any person that:

　　1．为提供充分法律保护和有效法律救济，以防止规避作者、表演者和录音制品制作者在行使其权利中所使用的、对就其作品、表演和录音制品的未经授权行为加以限制的有效技术措施，每一缔约方应规定从事下列行为的任何人：

(a) knowingly, or having reasonable grounds to know⁸³, circumvents without authority any effective technological measure that controls access to a protected work, performance, or phonogram;⁸⁴ or

　　（a）明知或有合理理由知道⁸³的情况下，未经授权而规避用于控制获得一受保护作品、表演或录音制品的任何有效技术措施；⁸⁴或

⁸³For the purposes of this subparagraph, a Party may provide that reasonable grounds to know may be demonstrated through reasonable evidence, taking into account the facts and circumstances surrounding the alleged illegal act.

⁸³就本项而言，一缔约方可规定，合理理由知道可通过合理的证据加以证明，同时考虑与指控的非法行为紧密相关的事实和情况。

⁸⁴For greater certainty, no Party is required to impose civil or criminal liability under this subparagraph for a person that circumvents any effective technological measure that protects any of the exclusive rights of copyright or related rights in a protected work, performance or phonogram, but does not control access to such that work, performance or phonogram.

⁸⁴为进一步明确，对于规避旨在保护受保护作品、表演或录音制品的任何版权或相关权专有权利的任何有效技术措施、但未规避旨在控制此类作品、表演或录音制品的获得的人，不要求缔约方根据本项对其施加民事或刑事责任。

(b) manufactures, imports, distributes,⁸⁵ offers for sale or rental to the public, or otherwise provides devices, products, or components, or offers to the public or provides services, that:

　　（b）生产、进口、分销、⁸⁵许诺销售或向公众出租，或以其他方式提供设备、产品或组件，或向公众许诺提供或提供服务，这些设备、产品、组件或服务：

⁸⁵A Party may provide that the obligations described in this subparagraph with respect to manufacturing, importation, and distribution apply only in cases in which those activities are undertaken for sale or rental, or if those activities prejudice the interests of the right holder of the copyright or related right.

⁸⁵缔约方可规定，本项中所述对制造、进口和分销的义务仅适用于这些活动是为销售或出租所开展的情况，或如这些活动损害版权或相关权的权利持有人的利益的情况。

(i) are promoted, advertised, or otherwise marketed by that person⁸⁶ for the purpose of circumventing any effective technological measure;

　　（i）系该人为规避任何有效技术措施而推销、广告或以其他方式营销⁸⁶；

⁸⁶The Parties understand that this provision still applies in cases in which the person promotes, advertises, or markets through the services of a third person.

⁸⁶缔约方理解，这一规定仍适用于该人通过一第三人的服务进行推销、广告或营销的情况。

(ii) have only a limited commercially significant purpose or use other than to circumvent any effective technological measure;⁸⁷ or

　　（ii）除规避任何有效技术措施外，仅有有限商业目的或用途；⁸⁷或

⁸⁷A Party may comply with this paragraph if the conduct referred to in this subparagraph does not have a commercially significant purpose or use other than to circumvent an effective technological measure.

⁸⁷如本项中所指的行为除规避一有效技术措施外缺乏具有商业意义的目的或用途，则一缔约方可以遵守本款。

(iii) are primarily designed, produced, or performed for the purpose of circumventing any effective technological measure,

　　（iii）主要为规避任何有效技术措施而设计、生产或使用

is liable and subject to the remedies provided for in Article 18.74 (Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies).

　　应承担责任并适用第18.74条（民事和行政程序及救济）中所规定的救济措施。

　　Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied if any person is found to have engaged wilfully⁸⁸ and for the purposes of commercial advantage or financial gain⁸⁹ in any of the above activities.⁹⁰

　　每一缔约方应规定，如任何人被发现故意⁸⁸并为商业利益或经济收入⁸⁹而从事上述任何活动，则应适用刑事程序和处罚。⁹⁰

⁸⁸For greater certainty, for purposes of this Article and Article 18.69 (RMI), wilfulness contains a knowledge element.

⁸⁸为进一步明确，就本条和第18.69条（权利管理信息）而言，故意包含知情的因素。

⁸⁹For greater certainty, for purposes of this Article, Article 18.69 (RMI) and Article 18.77 (Criminal Procedures and Penalties), the Parties understand that a Party may treat “financial gain” as “commercial purposes”.

⁸⁹为进一步明确，就本条、第18.69条（权利管理信息）和第18.77 条（刑事程序和处罚）而言，缔约方理解，一缔约方可将“经济收入”视为“商业目的”。

⁹⁰For greater certainty, no Party is required to impose liability under this Article and Article 18.69 (RMI) for actions taken by that Party or a third person acting with the authorisation or consent of that Party.

⁹⁰为进一步明确，不要求任何缔约方对其或其授权或同意的第三人采取的行动施以本条和第18.69条（权利管理信息）下的责任。

　　A Party may provide that the criminal procedures and penalties do not apply to a non-profit library, museum, archive, educational institution, or public noncommercial broadcasting entity. A Party may also provide that the remedies provided for in Article 18.74 (Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies) do not apply to any of the same entities provided that the above activities are carried out in good faith without knowledge that the conduct is prohibited.

　　一缔约方可规定，该刑事程序和处罚不适用于非营利性的图书馆、博物馆、档案馆、教育机构或公共非商业性广播实体。一缔约方还可规定，第18.74条（民事和行政程序及救济）中所规定的救济措施不适用于任何前述实体，只要上述活动为善意从事且不知该行为属禁止之列。

2.　In implementing paragraph 1, no Party shall be obligated to require that the design of, or the design and selection of parts and components for, a consumer electronics, telecommunications, or computing product provide for a response to any particular technological measure, provided that the product does not otherwise violate a measure implementing paragraph 1.

　　2．在实施第1款时，任何缔约方无义务要求消费电子产品、通信产品或计算机产品的设计或其零部件的设计和选择对任何特定技术措施作出响应，只要该产品未在其他方面违反实施第1款的一措施。

3.　Each Party shall provide that a violation of a measure implementing this Article is independent of any infringement that might occur under the Party’s law on copyright and related rights.⁹¹

　　3．每一缔约方应规定，违反实施本条的一措施与该缔约方关于版权和相关权的法律下可能发生的任何侵权行为相互独立。⁹¹

⁹¹For greater certainty, a Party is not required to treat the criminal act of circumvention set forth in paragraph 1(a) as an independent violation, where the Party criminally penalises such acts through other means.

⁹¹为进一步明确，如一缔约方通过其他手段对第1款（a）项中所列刑事规避行为进行刑事处罚，则不要求该缔约方将该行为视为独立违法行为。

4.　With regard to measures implementing paragraph 1:

　　4．关于实施第1款的措施：

(a) a Party may provide certain limitations and exceptions to the measures implementing paragraph 1(a) or paragraph 1(b) in order to enable non-infringing uses if there is an actual or likely adverse impact of those measures on those non-infringing uses, as determined through a legislative, regulatory, or administrative process in accordance with the Party’s law, giving due consideration to evidence when presented in that process, including with respect to whether appropriate and effective measures have been taken by rights holders to enable the beneficiaries to enjoy the limitations and exceptions to copyright and related rights under that Party’s law;⁹²

　　（a）一缔约方可对实施第1款（a）项或第1款（b）项的措施规定某些限制和例外，从而允许进行非侵权使用，如按依照其法律通过立法、监管或行政程序所确定的，这些措施对非侵权使用产生实际或可能的不利影响，同时适当考虑在这一程序中提出的证据，包括权利所有人是否已采取适当和有效措施使受益人能够享有该缔约方法律项下对版权和相关权规定的限制和例外；⁹²

⁹²For greater certainty, nothing in this provision requires a Party to make a new determination via the legislative, regulatory, or administrative process with respect to limitations and exceptions to the legal protection of effective technological measures: (i) previously established pursuant to trade agreements in force between two or more Parties; or (ii) previously implemented by the Parties, provided that such limitations and exceptions are otherwise consistent with this paragraph.

⁹²为进一步明确，这一规定中任何内容不要求一缔约方通过立法、监管或行政程序就如下有效技术措施法律保护的限制和例外作出新的确定：（i）根据两个或多个缔约方之间实施的贸易协定在以往确定的限制和例外；或（ii）该缔约方在以往实施的限制和例外，只要此类限制和例外在其他方面与本款一致。

(b) any limitations or exceptions to a measure that implements paragraph 1(b) shall be permitted only to enable the legitimate use of a limitation or exception permissible under this Article by its intended beneficiaries⁹³ and does not authorise the making available of devices, products, components, or services beyond those intended beneficiaries;⁹⁴ and

　　（b）实施第1款（b）项的一措施的任何限制或例外应仅被允许用以使预期受益人⁹³能够合理使用本条下允许的一限制或例外，且不授权预期受益人之外的人获得设备、产品、组件或服务；⁹⁴以及

⁹³For greater certainty, a Party may provide an exception to paragraph 1(b) without providing a corresponding exception to paragraph 1(a), provided that the exception to paragraph 1(b) is limited to enabling a legitimate use that is within the scope of limitations or exceptions to paragraph 1(a) as provided under this subparagraph.

⁹³为进一步明确，一缔约方可对第1款（b）项规定一项例外而无需规定第1款（a）项的相应例外，只要第1 款（b）项的例外限于使按本项所规定的在对第1款（a）项的例外或限制范围之内的合理使用得以实现。

⁹⁴For the purposes of interpreting paragraph 4(b) only, paragraph 1(a) should be read to apply to all effective technological measures as defined in paragraph 5, mutatis mutandis.

⁹⁴仅为解释第4款（b）项的目的，第1款（a）项应理解为，在细节上作必要修改后适用于第5款中所定义的所有有效技术措施。

(c) a Party shall not, by providing limitations and exceptions under paragraph 4(a) and paragraph 4(b), undermine the adequacy of that Party’s legal system for the protection of effective technological measures, or the effectiveness of legal remedies against the circumvention of such measures, that authors, performers, or producers of phonograms use in connection with the exercise of their rights, or that restrict unauthorised acts in respect of their works, performances or phonograms, as provided for in this Chapter.

　　（c）一缔约方不得通过提供第4款（a）项和第4款（b）项下的例外和限制而损害该缔约方保护有效技术措施的法律制度的适当性，或损害针对规避如下措施的法律救济的有效性：即按本章所规定的，作者、表演者或录音制品制作者行使其权利时所使用的措施，或限制与其作品、表演或录音制品相关的未经授权的行为所使用的措施。

5.　Effective technological measure means any effective⁹⁵ technology, device, or component that, in the normal course of its operation, controls access to a protected work, performance or phonogram, or protects copyright or related rights related to a work, performance or phonogram.

　　5．有效技术措施指任何有效⁹⁵技术、设备或组件，用以在正常运行过程中，控制对受保护作品、表演或录音制品的获取，或保护与作品、表演或录音制品相关的版权或相关权。

⁹⁵For greater certainty, a technological measure that can, in a usual case, be circumvented accidentally is not an “effective” technological measure.

⁹⁵为进一步明确，在通常情况下可被意外规避的一技术性措施不属一“有效”技术措施。

第十五条　保护权利管理电子信息

Article 11.15: Protection for Electronic Rights Management Information

Article 18.69: Rights Management Information (RMI)⁹⁶

第18.69条：权利管理信息（RMI）⁹⁶

⁹⁶A Party may comply with the obligations in this Article by providing legal protection only to electronic RMI.

⁹⁶一缔约方可通过仅对电子权利管理信息提供法律保护以遵守本条中的义务。

　　为保护权利管理电子信息（本章下称“权利管理电子信息”）¹⁴，针对任何人未经授权故意做出下列行为，而且明知或就民事救济而言有合理理由知道该行为会诱导、促成、便利或包庇侵犯本章项下的任何著作权或相关权利的，每一缔约方应当提供充分和有效的法律救济。

　　To protect electronic rights management information (hereinafter referred to as “RMI” in this Chapter)¹⁴, each Party shall provide adequate and effective legal remedies against any person knowingly performing without authority any of the following acts knowing, or with respect to civil remedies with reasonable grounds to know, that it will induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal an infringement of any copyright or related rights referred to in this Chapter:

1.　In order to provide adequate and effective legal remedies to protect RMI:

　　1．为提供充足和有效的法律救济以保护权利管理信息：

(a) each Party shall provide that any person that, without authority, and knowing, or having reasonable grounds to know, that it would induce, enable, facilitate or conceal an infringement of the copyright or related right of authors, performers or producers of phonograms:

　　（a）每一缔约方应规定，任何人未经授权且明知或有合理理由知道下列行为会诱使、促成、便利或包庇对作者、表演者或录音制品制作者的版权或相关权的侵权行为：

　　（一）去除或改变任何权利管理电子信息；或者

(a) removing or altering any electronic RMI; or

(i) knowingly⁹⁷ removes or alters any RMI;

　　（i）故意⁹⁷去除或改变任何权利管理信息；

⁹⁷For greater certainty, a Party may extend the protection afforded by this paragraph to circumstances in which a person engages without knowledge in the acts in sub-subparagraphs (i), (ii) and (iii), and to other related right holders.

⁹⁷为进一步明确，一缔约方可将本款给予的保护延伸至一人在不知情的情况下从事（i）目、（ii）目和（iii）目中的行为的情况，并可延伸至其他相关权利持有人。

(ii) knowingly distributes or imports for distribution RMI knowing that the RMI has been altered without authority;⁹⁸ or

　　（ii）明知权利管理信息未经授权已被改变，而故意发行或为发行而进口权利管理信息；⁹⁸或

⁹⁸A Party may comply with its obligations under this sub-subparagraph by providing for civil judicial proceedings concerning the enforcement of moral rights under its copyright law. A Party may also meet its obligation under this sub-subparagraph, if it provides effective protection for original compilations, provided that the acts described in this sub-subparagraph are treated as infringements of copyright in those original compilations.

⁹⁸一缔约方可通过在其版权法律项下规定有关实施精神权利的民事司法程序而遵守其在本目下的义务。如一缔约方对原创汇编作品提供有效保护，则其同样符合其在本目下的义务，只要本目中所述行为被视为侵犯该原创汇编作品的版权。

　　（二）分销、为分销目的进口、广播、向公众传播或提供明知已被未经许可去除或改变权利管理电子信息的作品、录制的表演或录音制品。

(b) distributing, importing for distribution, broadcasting, communicating, or making available to the public copies of works, performances fixed in phonograms, or phonograms, knowing that electronic RMI has been removed or altered without authority.

(iii) knowingly distributes, imports for distribution, broadcasts, communicates or makes available to the public copies of works, performances or phonograms, knowing that RMI has been removed or altered without authority,

　　（iii）明知权利管理信息未经授权已被除去或改变，而故意发行、为发行而进口、广播、传播或向公众提供作品、表演或录音制品的复制品；

is liable and subject to the remedies set out in Article 18.74 (Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies).

应承担责任并适用第18.74条（民事和行政程序及救济）中所列救济措施。

　　Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied if any person is found to have engaged wilfully and for purposes of commercial advantage or financial gain in any of the above activities.

　　每一缔约方应规定，如任何人被发现故意和为商业利益或经济收入而从事上述任何行为，则应适用刑事程序和处罚。

　　A Party may provide that the criminal procedures and penalties do not apply to a non-profit library, museum, archive, educational institution or public noncommercial broadcasting entity.⁹⁹

　　一缔约方可规定，刑事程序和处罚不适用于非营利性的图书馆、博物馆、档案馆、教育机构或公共非商业性广播实体。⁹⁹

⁹⁹For greater certainty, a Party may treat a broadcasting entity established without a profit-making purpose under its law as a public non-commercial broadcasting entity.

⁹⁹为进一步明确，一缔约方可将根据其法律建立的不以营利为目的的广播实体视为公共非商业性广播实体。

2.　For greater certainty, nothing prevents a Party from excluding from a measure that implements paragraph 1 a lawfully authorised activity that is carried out for the purpose of law enforcement, essential security interests or other related governmental purposes, such as the performance of a statutory function.

　　2．为进一步明确，任何内容不阻止一缔约方将为下列目的的合法授权的活动排除在实施第1款的一措施之外：即法律执行、基本安全利益或其他相关政府目的，例如履行法定职能。

3.　For greater certainty, nothing in this Article shall obligate a Party to require a right holder in a work, performance or phonogram to attach RMI to copies of the work, performance or phonogram, or to cause RMI to appear in connection with a communication of the work, performance or phonogram to the public.

　　3．为进一步明确，本条中任何内容不得为一缔约方设定如下义务：即要求作品、表演或录音制品的权利持有人将权利管理信息附于作品、表演或录音制品之上，或使权利管理信息出现在向公众传播作品、表演或录音制品时。

¹⁴就本条而言，权利管理信息指：

¹⁴For the purposes of this Article, “RMI” means:

4.　RMI means:

　　4．权利管理信息指：

　　（一）识别作品、表演或录音制品，作品的作者、表演的表演者、录音制品的制作者的信息；或识别对作品、表演或录音制品拥有任何权利的所有人的信息；

(a) information that identifies the work, the performance, the phonogram, the author of the work, the performer of the performance, the producer of the phonogram, or the owner of any right in the work, performance, or phonogram;

(a) information that identifies a work, performance or phonogram, the author of the work, the performer of the performance or the producer of the phonogram; or the owner of any right in the work, performance or phonogram;

　　（a）识别作品、表演或录音制品、作品的作者、表演的表演者或录音制品的制作者的信息；或识别对作品、表演或录音制品拥有任何权利的所有人的信息；

　　（二）有关作品、表演或录音制品使用条款和条件的信息；或

(b) information about the terms and conditions of use of the work, performance, or phonogram; or

(b) information about the terms and conditions of the use of the work, performance or phonogram; or

　　（b）关于使用作品、表演或录音制品的条款和条件的信息；或

　　（三）代表第（一）项或第（二）项所述信息的数字和代码，

(c) any numbers or codes that represent the information described in subparagraphs (a) and (b) of this footnote,

(c) any numbers or codes that represent the information referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b),

　　（c）代表（a）项或（b）项中所指信息的任何数字或代码，

如该各项信息均附于作品、以录音制品录制的表演或录音制品的复制件上，或在向公众传播或提供作品、以录音制品录制的表演或录音制品时出现。

when any of these items of information is attached to a copy of a work, performances fixed in phonograms, or a phonogram, or appears in connection with the communication or the making available of a work, performances fixed in phonograms, or a phonogram to the public.

if any of these items is attached to a copy of the work, performance or phonogram or appears in connection with the communication or making available of a work, performance or phonogram to the public.

如这些信息中的任何一项附于作品、表演或录音制品的复制品上，或出现在向公众传播或提供作品、表演或录音制品时。

第十六条　为技术措施和权利管理电子信息提供保护和救济的限制和例外

Article 11.16: Limitations and Exceptions to Providing Protection and Remedies for Technological Measures and RMI

　　一、每一缔约方可以依照其法律法规为执行第十一章第十四条（规避有效技术措施）和第十一章第十五条（保护权利管理电子信息）中的措施提供适当的例外和限制。

1.　Each Party may provide for appropriate limitations and exceptions to measures implementing Article 11.14 (Circumvention of Effective Technological Measures) and Article 11.15 (Protection for Electronic Rights Management Information) in accordance with its laws and regulations.

　　二、第十一章第十四条（规避有效技术措施）和第十一章第十五条（保护权利管理电子信息）中规定的义务不得损害一缔约方法律法规规定的对任何著作权侵权或相关权利侵权规定的权利、限制、例外或抗辩。

2.　The obligations set forth in Article 11.14 (Circumvention of Effective Technological Measures) and Article 11.15 (Protection for Electronic Rights Management Information) are without prejudice to the rights, limitations, exceptions, or defences to infringement of any copyright or related right under a Party’s laws and regulations.

第十七条　政府使用软件

Article 11.17: Government Use of Software

　　每一缔约方确认其承诺:

　　Each Party confirms its commitment to:

　　（一）维持适当的法律、法规或政策，规定中央政府只能以与本章规定相一致的方式，使用非侵权计算机软件；以及

(a) maintain appropriate laws, regulations, or policies that provide for its central government to use only noninfringing computer software in a manner consistent with this Chapter; and

　　（二）鼓励其区域和地方政府采取或维持与第（一）项所提及的措施类似的措施。

(b) encourage its regional and local governments to adopt or maintain measures similar to those referred to in subparagraph (a).

第十八条　限制和例外

Article 11.18: Limitations and Exceptions

Article 18.65: Limitations and Exceptions

第18.65条：限制和例外

　　一、每一缔约方应将专有权的限制或例外限于某些特殊情况，且不得与作品、表演或录音制品的正常利用冲突，也不得不合理地损害权利持有人的合法权益。¹⁵

1.　Each Party shall confine limitations or exceptions to exclusive rights to certain special cases which do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work, performance, or phonogram, and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.¹⁵

1.　With respect to this Section, each Party shall confine limitations or exceptions to exclusive rights to certain special cases that do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work, performance or phonogram, and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.

　　 1．关于本节，每一缔约方应将专有权的限制或例外限于某些特殊情况，不得与作品、表演或录音制品的正常利用相冲突，且不得不合理损害权利持有人的合法利益。

¹⁵为进一步明确，本款不得阻止一缔约方根据其已加入或已经成为缔约方的与知识产权有关的多边协定对广播规定限制或例外。

¹⁵For greater certainty, this paragraph shall not prevent a Party from providing limitations or exceptions for broadcasts in accordance with multilateral agreements related to intellectual property to which that Party is, or becomes, party.

　　二、第一款不得减少也不得扩大一缔约方作为《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》《伯尔尼公约》《罗马公约》《世界知识产权组织著作权条约》或《世界知识产权组织表演和录音制品条约》的缔约方可获得的限制与例外的适用范围。

2.　Nothing in paragraph 1 shall reduce or extend the scope of applicability of the limitations and exceptions available to a Party as a party to the TRIPS Agreement, the Berne Convention, the Rome Convention, the WCT, or the WPPT.

2.　This Article does not reduce or extend the scope of applicability of the limitations and exceptions permitted by the TRIPS Agreement, the Berne Convention, the WCT or the WPPT.

　　2．本条既不缩小也不扩大《TRIPS协定》、《伯尔尼公约》、WCT或WPPT所允许的限制和例外的适用范围。

Article 18.66: Balance in Copyright and Related Rights Systems

第18.66条：版权和相关权 制度中的平衡

　　三、除其他方式外，每一缔约方应当致力于通过与第一款相一致的限制和例外，为合法目的在其著作权和相关权利制度中提供适当的平衡。合法目的包括但不限于：教育、研究、批评、评论、新闻报道和为盲人、视障者或其他印刷品阅读障碍者获得已出版作品提供便利。

3.　Each Party shall endeavour to provide an appropriate balance in its copyright and related rights system, among other things by means of limitations and exceptions consistent with paragraph 1, for legitimate purposes, which may include education, research, criticism, comment, news reporting, and facilitating access to published works for persons who are blind, visually impaired, or otherwise print disabled.

　　Each Party shall endeavour to achieve an appropriate balance in its copyright and related rights system, among other things by means of limitations or exceptions that are consistent with Article 18.65 (Limitations and Exceptions), including those for the digital environment, giving due consideration to legitimate purposes such as, but not limited to: criticism; comment; news reporting; teaching, scholarship, research, and other similar purposes; and facilitating access to published works for persons who are blind, visually impaired or otherwise print disabled.^78,79

　　每一缔约方应努力实现其版权和相关权制度中的适当平衡，特别是通过采取与第18.65条（限制和例外）相一致的限制或例外的方式，包括对于数字环境的限制和例外，同时适当考虑合理目的，例如但不限于：批评、评论、新闻报道、教学、学术、研究及其他类似目的，并便利盲人、视力障碍者或其他印刷品阅读障碍者获得已发表的作品。^78,79

⁷⁸As recognised by the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled, done at Marrakesh, June 27, 2013 (Marrakesh Treaty). The Parties recognise that some Parties facilitate the availability of works in accessible formats for beneficiaries beyond the requirements of the Marrakesh Treaty.

⁷⁸如2013年6月27日订于马拉喀什的《关于为盲人、视障者或其他印刷品阅读障碍者获得已出版作品提供便利的马拉喀什条约》所认识的。缔约方认识到，一些缔约方为受益者获得无障碍格式版的作品提供便利已超出《马拉喀什条约》的要求。

　　四、为进一步明确，每一缔约方可以为合理使用而采取或维持第一款所提及的权利的限制或例外，只要此类限制或例外限于第一款所述的范围。

4.　For greater certainty, a Party may adopt or maintain limitations or exceptions to the rights referred to in paragraph 1 for fair use, as long as any such limitation or exception is confined as stated in paragraph 1.

⁷⁹For greater certainty, a use that has commercial aspects may in appropriate circumstances be considered to have a legitimate purpose under Article 18.65 (Limitations and Exceptions).

⁷⁹为进一步明确，具有商业因素的使用可能在适当情况下被认为具有第18.65条（限制和例外）下的合理目的。

Article 18.61: No Hierarchy

第18.61条：无层级

　　Each Party shall provide that in cases in which authorisation is needed from both the author of a work embodied in a phonogram and a performer or producer that owns rights in the phonogram:

　　每一缔约方应规定，在同时需要录音制品所含作品的作者及对录音制品享有权利的表演者和制作者的授权的情况下：

(a) the need for the authorisation of the author does not cease to exist because the authorisation of the performer or producer is also required; and

　　（a）对作者授权的需要并不因需要表演者或制作者的授权而终止；及

(b) the need for the authorisation of the performer or producer does not cease to exist because the authorisation of the author is also required.

　　（b）对表演者或制作者授权的需要并不因需要作者授权而终止。

Article 18.63: Term of Protection for Copyright and Related Rights

第18.63条：版权和相关权 的保护期

　　Each Party shall provide that in cases in which the term of protection of a work, performance or phonogram is to be calculated:⁷⁴

　　每一缔约方应规定，作品、表演或录音制品的保护期限计算如下：⁷⁴

⁷⁴For greater certainty, in implementing this Article, nothing prevents a Party from promoting certainty for the legitimate use and exploitation of a work, performance or phonogram during its term of protection, consistent with Article 18.65 (Limitations and Exceptions) and that Party’s international obligations.

⁷⁴为进一步明确，在实施本条时，本协定任何条款均不排除缔约方以与本协定第18.65条（限制和例外）及缔约方承担的国际义务相一致的方式，促进合理使用和开发在保护期内的作品、表演和录音制品的确定性。

(a) on the basis of the life of a natural person, the term shall be not less than the life of the author and 70 years after the author’s death;⁷⁵ and

　　（a）以自然人生命为计算基础，保护期不得少于作者有生之年加死后70年；⁷⁵及

⁷⁵The Parties understand that if a Party provides its nationals a term of copyright protection that exceeds life of the author plus 70 years, nothing in this Article or Article 18.8 (National Treatment) shall preclude that Party from applying Article 7(8) of the Berne Convention with respect to the term in excess of the term provided in this subparagraph of protection for works of another Party.

⁷⁵缔约方理解，如一缔约方授予其国民的版权保护期限超过作者有生之年加死后70年，本条以及第18.8条（国民待遇）均不排除该缔约方对超过本项规定期限的保护其他缔约方作品的期限适用伯尔尼公约第7.8条。

(b) on a basis other than the life of a natural person, the term shall be:

　　（b）不以自然人生命为计算基础，保护期应：

(i) not less than 70 years from the end of the calendar year of the first authorised publication⁷⁶ of the work, performance or phonogram; or

　　（i）自作品、表演及录音制品首次授权发行⁷⁶日历年年底计算，不少于70年；或

⁷⁶For greater certainty, for the purposes of subparagraph (b), if a Party’s law provides for the calculation of term from fixation rather than from the first authorised publication, that Party may continue to calculate the term from fixation.

⁷⁶为进一步明确，就（b）项而言，如一缔约方规定期限自作品固定而非首次授权发行起算，则该缔约方可继续自作品固定起算期限。

(ii) failing such authorised publication within 25 years from the creation of the work, performance or phonogram, not less than 70 years from the end of the calendar year of the creation of the work, performance or phonogram.⁷⁷

　　（ii）如作品、表演及录音制品自创作之日起25年内未授权发行的，自其创作的日历年年底计算，不少于70年。⁷⁷

⁷⁷For greater certainty, a Party may calculate a term of protection for an anonymous or pseudonymous work or a work of joint authorship in accordance with Article 7(3) or Article 7bis of the Berne Convention, provided that the Party implements the corresponding numerical term of protection required under this Article.

⁷⁷为进一步明确，只要缔约方实施了本条要求的相应的计数保护期，缔约方可根据伯尔尼公约第7条第（3）款或第7条之二计算匿名作品、笔名作品和合作作品的保护期。

Article 18.64: Application of Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement

第18.64条：伯尔尼公约第18条和TRIPS协定第14.6条的适用

　　Each Party shall apply Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement, mutatis mutandis, to works, performances and phonograms, and the rights in and protections afforded to that subject matter as required by this Section.

　　每一缔约方应将伯尔尼公约第18条和TRIPS协定第14条第6款，在细节上作必要修改后，适用于作品、表演和录音制品，以及本节规定的客体被赋予的权利与保护。

Article 18.67: Contractual Transfers

第18.67条：协议转让

　　Each Party shall provide that for copyright and related rights, any person acquiring or holding any economic right⁸⁰ in a work, performance or phonogram:

　　每一缔约方应规定，对于版权和相关权 ，对作品、表演或录音制品取得或持有任何经济权利⁸⁰的任何人：

⁸⁰For greater certainty, this provision does not affect the exercise of moral rights.

⁸⁰为进一步明确，本条不影响版权精神权利的行使。

(a) may freely and separately transfer that right by contract; and

　　（a）可以通过合同自由和单独转让该权利；及

(b) by virtue of contract, including contracts of employment underlying the creation of works, performances or phonograms, shall be able to exercise that right in that person’s own name and enjoy fully the benefits derived from that right.⁸¹

　　（b）借助合同，包括作为作品、表演和录音制品创作基础的雇佣合同，能够以其自身名义行使这种权利，并且完全享受该种权利带来利益。⁸¹

⁸¹Nothing in this Article affects a Party’s ability to establish: (i) which specific contracts underlying the creation of works, performances or phonograms shall, in the absence of a written agreement, result in a transfer of economic rights by operation of law; and (ii) reasonable limits to protect the interests of the original right holders, taking into account the legitimate interests of the transferees.

⁸¹本条概不影响缔约方确定如下事项的能力：（i）在缺乏书面合同时，作为作品、表演和录音制品创作基础的何种特别合同应依法导致经济权利的转移；和（ii）考虑到受让人的合法利益而对保护原权利人利益的合理限制。

Article 18.1: Definitions

第18.57条：定义

　　For the purposes of Article 18.58 (Right of Reproduction) and Article 18.60 (Right of Distribution) through Article 18.70 (Collective Management), the following definitions apply with respect to performers and producers of phonograms:

　　就第18.58条（复制权）及第18.60条（发行权）至第18.70条（集体管理）而言，下列定义对表演者和录音制品制作者适用：

broadcasting means the transmission by wireless means for public reception of sounds or of images and sounds or of the representations thereof; such transmission by satellite is also “broadcasting”; transmission of encrypted signals is “broadcasting” if the means for decrypting are provided to the public by the broadcasting organisation or with its consent;

　　广播指以无线方式播送，使公众能接收声音、或图像和声音、或图像和声音的表现物；通过卫星进行的此类播送也是“广播”；如果广播组织或经其同意将解码方式提供给公众，则传输加密信号也是“广播”；

communication to the public of a performance or a phonogram means the transmission to the public by any medium, other than by broadcasting, of sounds of a performance or the sounds or the representations of sounds fixed in a phonogram;

　　将表演或录音制品向公众传播指通过广播以外的任何媒介将表演的声音或录音制品中固定的声音或声音的表现物播送给公众；

fixation means the embodiment of sounds, or of the representations thereof, from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated through a device;

　　固定指对声音或其表现物的呈现，使得声音可通过装置被感觉、复制和传播；

performers means actors, singers, musicians, dancers, and other persons who act, sing, deliver, declaim, play in, interpret, or otherwise perform literary or artistic works or expressions of folklore;

　　表演者指演员、歌唱家、音乐家、舞蹈家及表演、歌唱、演说、朗诵、演奏、表现、或以其他方式表演文学或艺术作品或民间文学艺术作品的其他人；

phonogram means the fixation of the sounds of a performance or of other sounds, or of a representation of sounds, other than in the form of a fixation incorporated in a cinematographic or other audio-visual work;

　　录音制品指对表演的声音、其他声音或声音的表现物的固定，纳入电影作品或视听作品的固定除外；

producer of a phonogram means a person that takes the initiative and has the responsibility for the first fixation of the sounds of a performance or other sounds, or the representations of sounds; and

　　录音制品制作者指带头发起并对表演声音、其他声音或声音表现物的首次固定负责的人。

publication of a performance or phonogram means the offering of copies of the performance or the phonogram to the public, with the consent of the right holder, and provided that copies are offered to the public in reasonable quantity.

　　表演或录音制品的发表指经权利持有人同意而将表演或录音制品的复制件提供给公众，且复制件系以合理的数量提供给公众。