第三节　商标

Section C
Trademarks

Section C:
Trademarks

C节：商标

第十九条　商标保护

Article 11.19: Trademarks Protection

Article 18.18：Types of Signs Registrable as Trademarks

第18.18条：可注册为商标的标记类型

　　每一缔约方应当确保能够将一个企业的货物和服务与其他企业的货物和服务区分开来的任何标记或任何标记的组合都应当能够构成商标。此类标记，特别是包括人名、字母、数字、图形元素、立体形状、颜色组合在内的标记以及此类标记的任何组合，应当有资格注册为商标。如标记本身不能区分有关货物或服务，一缔约方可以将通过使用获得的显著性作为注册条件。

　　Each Party shall ensure that any signs or any combination of signs capable of distinguishing the goods and services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings, shall be capable of constituting a trademark. Such signs, in particular words including personal names, letters, numerals, figurative elements, three-dimensional shapes, and combinations of colours, as well as any combination of such signs, shall be eligible for registration as trademarks. Where signs are not inherently capable of distinguishing the relevant goods or services, a Party may make registrability depend on distinctiveness acquired through use.

缔约方不得将标记可被视觉感知作为一项注册条件，也不得仅因该标记由声音组成而拒绝商标注册。¹⁶

No Party shall require, as a condition of registration of a trademark, that signs be visually perceptible, nor deny registration of a trademark solely on the grounds that the sign of which it is composed is a sound.¹⁶

　　No Party shall require, as a condition of registration, that a sign be visually perceptible, nor shall a Party deny registration of a trademark only on the ground that the sign of which it is composed is a sound.

　　任何缔约方不得作为注册的条件而要求标记可被视觉感知，也不得仅以该标记由声音组成为由拒绝注册一商标。

Additionally, each Party shall make best efforts to register scent marks.

此外，每一缔约方应尽最大努力注册气味商标。

¹⁶一缔约方可以要求以图片展示的方式来对商标进行充分的描述。

¹⁶A Party may require an adequate description, which can be represented graphically, of the trademark.

A Party may require a concise and accurate description, or graphical representation, or both, as applicable, of the trademark.

一缔约方可要求对商标进行简要和精确的描述或图片表示，或如适用，则两者均包括。

第二十条　证明商标和集体商标的保护

Article 11.20: Protection of Collective Marks and Certification Marks

Article 18.19: Collective and Certification Marks

第18.19条：集体商标和证明商标

　　一、每一缔约方应当规定商标包括集体商标和证明商标。只要证明商标受到保护，一缔约方并无义务在其法律法规中将证明商标作为一个单独的类别对待。

1.　Each Party shall provide that trademarks include collective marks and certification marks. A Party is not obligated to treat certification marks as a separate category in its laws and regulations, provided that those marks are protected.

　　Each Party shall provide that trademarks include collective marks and certification marks. A Party is not obligated to treat certification marks as a separate category in its law, provided that those marks are protected.

　　每一缔约方应规定商标包括集体商标和证明商标。一缔约方无义务在其法律中将证明商标作为单独类别处理，只要这些商标受到保护。

　　二、每一缔约方也应当规定，可作为地理标志的标记能够依照其法律法规在商标制度下得到保护。

2.　Each Party shall also provide that signs that may serve as geographical indications are capable of protection under its trademark system in accordance with its laws and regulations.

Each Party shall also provide that signs that may serve as geographical indications are capable of protection under its trademark system.¹⁰

每一缔约方还应规定可作为地理标志的标记在其商标制度下可受到保护。¹⁰

¹⁰Consistent with the definition of a geographical indication in Article 18.1 (Definitions), any sign or combination of signs shall be eligible for protection under one or more of the legal means for protecting geographical indications, or a combination of such means.

¹⁰在与第18.1条（定义）中地理标志的定义相一致的前提下，任何标记或标记的组合应有资格通过一种或多种保护地理标志的法律手段或此类手段的结合加以保护。

第二十一条　商标分类制度

Article 11.21: Trademarks Classification System

Article 18.25: Classification of Goods and Services

第18.25条：货物和服务的分类

　　一、每一缔约方应当建立或维持与1957年6月15日于尼斯签订并经多次修正的《商标注册用货物与服务国际分类尼斯协定》（本章下称《尼斯协定》）相一致的商标分类制度。

1.　Each Party shall adopt or maintain a trademark classification system that is consistent with the Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks done at Nice on 15 June 1957, as amended from time to time (hereinafter referred to as the “Nice Agreement” in this Chapter).

　　Each Party shall adopt or maintain a trademark classification system that is consistent with the Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks, done at Nice, June 15, 1957, as revised and amended (Nice Classification). Each Party shall provide that:

　　每一缔约方应采取或设立与1957年6月15日订于尼斯并经修订和修正的《商标注册用货物与服务国际分类尼斯协定》（尼斯分类）相一致的商标分类系统。每一缔约方应规定：

(a) registrations and the publications of applications indicate the goods and services by their names, grouped according to the classes established by the Nice Classification;¹⁶ and

　　（a）在注册和申请公告中标明货物和服务的名称，并根据尼斯分类所确定的类别进行分组；¹⁶及

(b) goods or services may not be considered as being similar to each other on the ground that, in any registration or publication, they are classified in the same class of the Nice Classification. Conversely, each Party shall provide that goods or services may not be considered as being dissimilar from each other on the ground that, in any registration or publication, they are classified in different classes of the Nice Classification.

　　（b）货物或服务不得以在任何注册或公告中归入尼斯分类的同一类别为由而被视为彼此相似。相反，每一缔约方应规定货物或服务不得以在任何注册或公告中归入尼斯分类的不同类别为由而被视为彼此相异。

　　二、一缔约方遵循依据《尼斯协定》（本章下称“尼斯分类”）制定的分类系统的翻译版本，在尼斯分类更新版本的官方翻译已经发布和出版的情况下，该缔约方应当遵循该版本。

2.　A Party that relies on translations of the classification system established by the Nice Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the “Nice Classification” in this Chapter) shall follow updated versions of the Nice Classification to the extent that official translations have been issued and published.

¹⁶A Party that relies on translations of the Nice Classification shall follow updated versions of the Nice Classification to the extent that official translations have been issued and published.

¹⁶依靠尼斯分类译本的一缔约方在官方译本已发布和出版的情况下应遵循尼斯分类的更新版本。

第二十二条　商标的注册和申请

Article 11.22: Registration and Applications of Trademarks

Article 18.23: Procedural Aspects of Examination, Opposition and Cancellation

第18.23条：审查、异议和注销的程序事项

　　一、每一缔约方应当设置商标注册制度，该制度应当包括：

1.　Each Party shall provide a system for the registration of trademarks, which shall include:

　　Each Party shall provide a system for the examination and registration of trademarks which includes among other things:

　　每一缔约方应规定一商标审查和注册制度，该制度应特别包括：

　　（一）向申请人提供驳回商标注册理由的书面通知的要求，书面通知可以是电子文本；

(a) a requirement to provide to the applicant a communication in writing, which may be provided electronically, of the reasons for a refusal to register a trademark;

(a) communicating to the applicant in writing, which may be by electronic means, the reasons for any refusal to register a trademark;

　　（a）书面告知申请人驳回商标注册的理由，可通过电子方式；

　　（二）申请人享有回复商标主管机关的通知，对初步驳回决定提出复审，以及对最终驳回决定申请司法审查的机会；

(b) an opportunity for the applicant to respond to communications from the Party’s competent authorities, to contest an initial refusal, and to make a judicial appeal of a final refusal to register a trademark;

(b) providing the applicant with an opportunity to respond to communications from the competent authorities, to contest any initial refusal, and to make a judicial appeal of any final refusal to register a trademark;

　　（b）向申请人提供机会以回应主管机关的通知、抗辩任何初审驳回决定并对商标注册的任何终审驳回决定提起司法上诉；

　　（三）在商标注册之前，提供以下与商标相关行为中至少一项的机会：

(c) an opportunity to do at least one of the following in relation to a trademark before it has been registered:

　　1．对商标申请提出异议；或者

(i) oppose a trademark application; or

　　2．向主管部门提供商标申请不符合注册要求的信息；

(ii) provide the competent authority with information that the trademark application does not satisfy the requirements for registration;

　　（四）在商标注册之后，提供以下与商标相关行为中至少一项的机会：

(d) an opportunity to do at least one of the following in relation to a trademark after it has been registered:

(c) providing an opportunity to oppose the registration of a trademark or to seek cancellation¹⁵ of a trademark; and

　　（c）提供对商标注册提出异议或寻求注销¹⁵商标的机会；以及

　　1．对商标注册提出异议；

(i) oppose the registration;

　　2．寻求撤销商标注册；

(ii) seek revocation of the registration;

　　3．寻求注销商标注册；或者

(iii) seek cancellation of the registration; or

¹⁵For greater certainty, cancellation for purposes of this Section may be implemented through nullification or revocation proceedings.

¹⁵为进一步明确，就本节而言，注销可通过宣告无效或撤销程序实现。

　　4．寻求商标注册无效；以及

(iv) seek invalidation of the registration; and

　　（五）异议、撤销、注销或无效程序的行政决定¹⁷应当说明理由并采取书面形式的要求。此类决定可以以电子方式提供。

(e) a requirement that administrative decisions¹⁷ in opposition, revocation, cancellation, or invalidation proceedings shall be reasoned and in writing. Such decisions may be provided electronically.

(d) requiring administrative decisions in opposition and cancellation proceedings to be reasoned and in writing, which may be provided by electronic means.

　　（d）要求异议和注销程序中的行政决定说明理由并采取书面形式，可通过电子方式。

¹⁷就本项而言，“行政决定”包括准司法决定。

¹⁷For the purposes of this subparagraph, “administrative decisions” include quasijudicial decisions.

Article 18.24: Electronic Trademarks System

第18.24条：商标电子系统

　　二、每一缔约方应当提供：

2.　Each Party shall provide:

　　Each Party shall provide:

　　每一缔约方应提供：

　　（一）商标电子申请的处理、注册及维持制度；以及

(a) a system for the electronic application for processing, registering, and maintenance of, trademarks; and

(a) a system for the electronic application for, and maintenance of, trademarks; and

　　（a）商标电子申请和维持系统；及

　　（二）可以公开访问的商标申请和注册的在线电子数据库。

(b) a publicly accessible online electronic database of trademark applications and registrations.

(b) a publicly available electronic information system, including an online database, of trademark applications and of registered trademarks.

　　（b）可公开获得的电子信息系统，包括商标申请和已注册商标的在线数据库。

第二十三条　权利授予

Article 11.23: Rights Conferred

Article 18.20: Use of Identical or Similar Signs

第18.20条：相同或相似标识的使用

　　每一缔约方应当规定，注册商标的所有权人享有专有权，以阻止在贸易活动中所有第三方未经其同意，在同一种或类似商标或服务上使用可能会造成混淆的与已注册商标相同或近似的标记。在同一种货物或服务上使用相同标记的情况下，应推定存在混淆的可能。本章的权利不得损害任何现有的在先权利，也不得影响缔约方在使用的基础上授予权利的可能性。

　　Each Party shall provide that the owner of a registered trademark shall have the exclusive right to prevent all third parties not having the owner’s consent from using in the course of trade identical or similar signs for goods or services that are identical or similar to those goods or services in respect of which the trademark is registered, where such use would result in a likelihood of confusion. In the case of the use of an identical sign for identical goods or services, a likelihood of confusion shall be presumed. The rights described in this Article shall not prejudice any existing prior rights, nor shall they affect the possibility of a Party making rights available on the basis of use.

　　Each Party shall provide that the owner of a registered trademark has the exclusive right to prevent third parties that do not have the owner’s consent from using in the course of trade identical or similar signs, including subsequent geographical indications,^11,12 for goods or services that are related to those goods or services in respect of which the owner’s trademark is registered, where such use would result in a likelihood of confusion. In the case of the use of an identical sign for identical goods or services, a likelihood of confusion shall be presumed.

　　每一缔约方应规定，注册商标的所有权人享有专有权，以阻止第三方未经该所有权人同意而在贸易过程中对与所有权人已注册商标的货物或服务有关的货物或服务使用相同或相似标记，包括在后的地理标志，^11,12如此种使用会导致出现混淆的可能性。在对相同货物或服务使用相同标记的情况下，应推定存在混淆的可能性。

¹¹For greater certainty, the exclusive right in this Article applies to cases of unauthorised use of geographical indications with goods for which the trademark is registered, in cases in which the use of that geographical indication in the course of trade would result in a likelihood of confusion as to the source of the goods.

¹¹为进一步明确，本条中的专有权适用于对已注册商标的货物未经授权而使用地理标志的情况，如在贸易过程中使用该地理标志会导致对货物产地出现混淆的可能性。

¹²For greater certainty, the Parties understand that this Article should not be interpreted to affect their rights and obligations under Articles 22 and 23 of the TRIPS Agreement.

¹²为进一步明确，缔约方理解，本条不得解释为影响其在《TRIPS协定》第22条和第23条下的权利和义务。

第二十四条　例外

Article 11.24: Exceptions

Article 18.21: Exceptions

第18.21条：例外

　　一缔约方可以对商标所赋予的权利规定有限的例外，如合理使用描述性术语，只要此类例外考虑到商标所有权人和第三方的正当利益。

　　A Party may provide limited exceptions to the rights conferred by a trademark, such as fair use of descriptive terms, provided that such exceptions take account of the legitimate interests of the owner of the trademark and of third parties.

　　A Party may provide limited exceptions to the rights conferred by a trademark, such as fair use of descriptive terms, provided that those exceptions take account of the legitimate interest of the owner of the trademark and of third parties.

　　一缔约方可对商标所授予的权利规定有限的例外，例如合理使用描述性词语，只要这些例外考虑到商标所有权人和第三方的合法利益。

第二十五条　先于地理标志的商标保护

Article 11.25: Protection of Trademarks that Predate Geographical Indications

　　每一缔约方应当根据《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》保护其管辖范围内先于地理标志的商标。

　　Each Party shall protect trademarks where they predate, in its jurisdiction, geographical indications, in accordance with the TRIPS Agreement.

第二十六条　驰名商标的保护

Article 11.26: Protection of Well-Known Trademarks

Article 18.22: Well-Known Trademarks

第18.22条：驰名商标

　　一、每一缔约方应当规定适当措施，驳回、注销商标注册申请，以及禁止在相同或类似货物或服务上使用¹⁸与该驰名商标^19,20相同或近似的商标，若该商标的使用可能造成与在先驰名商标的混淆。

1.　Each Party shall provide for appropriate measures to refuse or cancel the registration, and to prohibit the use,¹⁸ of a trademark that is identical or similar to a well-known trademark^19,20 for identical or similar goods or services, if the use of that trademark is likely to cause confusion with the prior well-known trademark.

4.　Each Party shall provide for appropriate measures to refuse the application or cancel the registration and prohibit the use of a trademark that is identical or similar to a well-known trademark¹⁴, for identical or similar goods or services, if the use of that trademark is likely to cause confusion with the prior well-known trademark.

　　4．每一缔约方应规定适当措施，驳回商标注册申请或注销商标注册并禁止对相同或相似货物或服务使用与一驰名商标¹⁴相同或相似的商标，如该商标的使用有可能造成与在先驰名商标的混淆。

A Party may also provide such measures including in cases in which the subsequent trademark is likely to deceive.

一缔约方也可在对后续商标有欺诈可能的情况下规定此类措施。

¹⁸为进一步明确，一缔约方可以通过向司法机关授予禁止使用该商标的权力，来履行规定采取适当措施以禁止使用与本款中的驰名商标相同或近似的商标的义务。

¹⁸For greater certainty, a Party may comply with the obligation to provide for appropriate measures to prohibit the use of the trademark that is identical or similar to a well-known trademark under this paragraph by providing its judicial authorities with the authority to prohibit the use of such a trademark.

¹⁹就本款而言，一缔约方可以将“对驰名商标的复制、摹仿或者翻译”视为“与驰名商标相同或者近似”。

¹⁹For the purposes of this paragraph, a Party may treat “a reproduction, an imitation, or a translation of a well-known trademark” as “identical or similar to a well-known trademark”.

²⁰缔约方理解，驰名商标指的是首次提及的商标申请、注册或使用之前经一缔约方确定已经驰名的商标。

²⁰The Parties understand that a well-known trademark is one that was already wellknown before, as determined by a Party, the application for, registration of, or use of the first-mentioned trademark.

¹⁴The Parties understand that a well-known trademark is one that was already well-known before, as determined by a Party, the application for, registration of or use of the first-mentioned trademark.

¹⁴缔约方理解，一驰名商标指在首次提及的商标的申请、注册或使用之前经一缔约方确定已经驰名的商标。

2.　Article 6bis of the Paris Convention shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to goods or services that are not identical or similar to those identified by a wellknown trademark,¹³ whether registered or not, provided that use of that trademark in relation to those goods or services would indicate a connection between those goods or services and the owner of the trademark, and provided that the interests of the owner of the trademark are likely to be damaged by such use.

　　2．《巴黎公约》第6条之二在细节上作必要修改后应适用于与以一驰名商标标识的货物或服务不相同或不相似的货物或服务，¹³无论是否注册，只要对这些货物或服务使用该商标会表明这些货物或服务与商标所有权人之间存在联系，且该商标所有权人的利益有可能因此种使用而受到损害。

¹³In determining whether a trademark is well-known in a Party, that Party need not require that the reputation of the trademark extend beyond the sector of the public that normally deals with the relevant goods or services.

¹³在确定一商标在一缔约方是否驰名时，该缔约方无需要求该商标的声誉延伸至通常处理相关货物或服务的公众中相关群体之外。

　　二、缔约方认识到由保护工业产权巴黎联盟大会和WIPO大会在1999年9月20日至29日的WIPO成员国大会第34届系列会议上通过的《关于保护驰名商标规定的联合建议》的重要性。

2.　Each Party recognises the importance of the Joint Recommendation Concerning Provisions on the Protection of Well-Known Marks as adopted by the Assembly of the Paris Union for the Protection of Industrial Property and the General Assembly of WIPO at the Thirty-Fourth Series of Meetings of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, 20 to 29 September 1999.

3.　Each Party recognises the importance of the Joint Recommendation Concerning Provisions on the Protection of Well-Known Marks as adopted by the Assembly of the Paris Union for the Protection of Industrial Property and the General Assembly of WIPO at the Thirty-Fourth Series of Meetings of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO September 20 to 29, 1999.

　　3．每一缔约方认识到由保护工业产权巴黎联盟大会和WIPO大会在1999年9月20日至29日的WIPO成员国大会第34届系列会议上通过的《关于保护驰名商标规定的联合建议》的重要性。

　　三、缔约方不得要求将一商标已在该缔约方领土内或其他司法辖区内注册、已列入驰名商标目录或已被在先认定为驰名商标作为决定该商标是否为驰名商标的条件。

3.　No Party shall require, as a condition for determining that a trademark is a well-known trademark, that the trademark has been registered in that Party or in another jurisdiction, included on a list of well-known trademarks, or given prior recognition as a well-known trademark.

1.　No Party shall require as a condition for determining that a trademark is well-known that the trademark has been registered in the Party or in another jurisdiction, included on a list of well-known trademarks, or given prior recognition as a well-known trademark.

　　1．任何缔约方不得作为确定商标属驰名的条件而要求该商标在该缔约方或在另一管辖范围内已注册、已列入一驰名商标名单或已事先承认属驰名商标。

第二十七条　恶意商标²¹

Article 11.27: Bad Faith Trademarks²¹

²¹就本条而言，一缔约方的主管机关可以考虑该商标是否与他人的驰名商标相同或者近似。

²¹For the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Party may take into consideration whether the trademark is identical or similar to a well-known trademark of another person.

　　每一缔约方应当规定其主管机关有权驳回申请或注销注册根据其法律法规属于恶意的商标申请或商标注册。

　　Each Party shall provide that its competent authority has the authority to refuse an application or cancel a registration where the application to register the trademark was made in bad faith in accordance with its laws and regulations.

第二十八条　与多个类别货物或服务相关的同一份申请

Article 11.28: One and the Same Application Relating to Several Goods or Services

　　每一缔约方应当规定同一份商标注册申请可以涉及多个类别的货物或服务，或其任何组合，无论它们属于尼斯分类项下的一个类别或多个类别。

　　Each Party shall provide that one and the same application for registration of a trademark may relate to several goods or services, or any combination thereof, irrespective of whether they belong to one class or to several classes of the Nice Classification.

Article 18.26: Term of Protection for Trademarks

第18.26条：商标保护期

　　Each Party shall provide that initial registration and each renewal of registration of a trademark is for a term of no less than 10 years.

　　每一缔约方应规定商标的初始注册和每次续展的有效期不少于10年。

Article 18.27: Non-Recordal of a Licence

第18.27条：不以许可备案为前提

　　No Party shall require recordal of trademark licences:

　　缔约方均不得要求商标许可备案：

(a) to establish the validity of the licence; or

　　（a）以确立许可的有效性；或

(b) as a condition for use of a trademark by a licensee to be deemed to constitute use by the holder in a proceeding that relates to the acquisition, maintenance or enforcement of trademarks.

　　（b）在与商标的获取、维持和实施有关的程序中，作为被许可人使用商标视为持有人使用的条件。

Article 18.28: Domain Names

第18.28条：域名