Section A:
General Provisions

A节：总则

Article 18.1: Definitions

第18.1条　定义

1.　　For the purposes of this Chapter:

　　1．就本章而言：

Berne Convention means the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, as revised at Paris, July 24, 1971;

　　《伯尔尼公约》指1971年7月24日修订于巴黎的《保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约》；

Budapest Treaty means the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (1977), as amended on September 26, 1980;

　　《布达佩斯条约》指1980年9月26日修正的《国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约》（1977）；

Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health means the Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2), adopted on November 14, 2001;

　　《TRIPS与公共健康宣言》指2001年11月14日通过的《〈与贸易有关的知识产权协定〉（TRIPS协定）与公共健康宣言》（WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2）；

geographical indication means an indication that identifies a good as originating in the territory of a Party, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin;

　　地理标志指识别一货物源自一缔约方领土内或该领土内一地区或地方的标志，该货物的特定质量、声誉或其他特性主要归因于其地理来源；

intellectual property refers to all categories of intellectual property that are the subject of Sections 1 through 7 of Part II of the TRIPS Agreement;

　　知识产权指属《TRIPS协定》第二部分第1节至第7节的主题的所有类别的知识产权；

Madrid Protocol means the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks, done at Madrid, June 27, 1989;

　　《马德里议定书》指1989年6月27日订于马德里的《商标国际注册马德里协定有关议定书》；

Paris Convention means the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, as revised at Stockholm, July 14, 1967;

　　《巴黎公约》指1967年7月14日修订于斯德哥尔摩的《保护工业产权巴黎公约》；

performance means a performance fixed in a phonogram unless otherwise specified;

　　表演指固定在录音制品上的表演，除非另有规定；

with respect to copyright and related rights, the term right to authorise or prohibit refers to exclusive rights;

　　就版权和相关权而言，授权或禁止的权利指专有权；

Singapore Treaty means the Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks, done at Singapore, March 27, 2006;

　　《新加坡条约》指2006年3月27日订于新加坡的《商标法新加坡条约》；

UPOV 1991 means the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, as revised at Geneva, March 19, 1991;

　　1991年UPOV公约指1991年3月19日修订于日内瓦的《国际植物新品种保护公约》；

WCT means the WIPO Copyright Treaty, done at Geneva, December 20, 1996;

　　WCT指1996年12月20日订于日内瓦的《WIPO版权条约》；

WIPO means the World Intellectual Property Organization;

　　WIPO指世界知识产权组织；

for greater certainty, work includes a cinematographic work, photographic work and computer program; and

　　为进一步明确，作品包括电影作品、摄影作品和计算机程序；以及

WPPT means the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, done at Geneva, December 20, 1996.

　　WPPT指1996年1月20日订于日内瓦的《WIPO表演和录音制品条约》。

2.　　For the purposes of Article 18.8 (National Treatment), Article 18.31(a) (Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications) and Article 18.62.1 (Related Rights):

　　2．就第18.8条（国民待遇）、第18.31条（保护或认可地理标志的行政程序）（a）项和第18.62条（相关权）第1款而言：

a national means, in respect of the relevant right, a person of a Party that would meet the criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in the agreements listed in Article 18.7 (International Agreements) or the TRIPS Agreement.

　　国民指，对于相关权利，符合第18.7条（国际协定）中所列协定或《TRIPS协定》中所规定的保护资格标准的一缔约方的人。

Article 18.2: Objectives

第18.2条　目标

　　　The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights should contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and to the transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of producers and users of technological knowledge and in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare, and to a balance of rights and obligations.

　　知识产权的保护和实施应有助于促进技术创新，有助于技术转让和传播，有助于技术知识的创造者和使用者的相互获益且有助于社会和经济福利，并有助于权利与义务的平衡。

Article 18.3: Principles

第18.3条　原则

1.　　A Party may, in formulating or amending its laws and regulations, adopt measures necessary to protect public health and nutrition, and to promote the public interest in sectors of vital importance to their socio-economic and technological development, provided that such measures are consistent with the provisions of this Chapter.

　　1．在制定或修正其法律法规时，一缔约方可采取对保护公共健康和营养所必需的和促进对其社会经济和技术发展至关重要部门公共利益所必需的措施，只要此类措施与本章的规定相一致。

2.　　Appropriate measures, provided that they are consistent with the provisions of this Chapter, may be needed to prevent the abuse of intellectual property rights by right holders or the resort to practices which unreasonably restrain trade or adversely affect the international transfer of technology.

　　2．可能需要采取适当措施以防止权利持有人滥用知识产权或防止采取不合理限制贸易或对国际技术转让造成不利影响的做法，只要此类措施与本章的规定相一致。

Article 18.4: Understandings in Respect of this Chapter

第18.4条　关于本章的谅解

　　　Having regard to the underlying public policy objectives of national systems, the Parties recognise the need to:

　　考虑到国家体系的基本公共政策目标，缔约方认识到需要通过各自知识产权制度：

(a)　　promote innovation and creativity;

　　（a）促进创新和创造力；

(b)　　facilitate the diffusion of information, knowledge, technology, culture and the arts; and

　　（b）便利信息、知识、技术、文化和艺术的传播；以及

(c)　　foster competition and open and efficient markets,

　　（c）培育竞争、开放和有效率的市场；

through their respective intellectual property systems, while respecting the principles of transparency and due process, and taking into account the interests of relevant stakeholders, including right holders, service providers, users and the public.

同时尊重透明度和正当程序原则，并考虑相关利益相关者的利益，包括权利人、服务提供者、使用者和公众。

Article 18.5: Nature and Scope of Obligations

第18.5条　义务的性质和范围

　　　Each Party shall give effect to the provisions of this Chapter.　A Party may, but shall not be obliged to, provide more extensive protection for, or enforcement of, intellectual property rights under its law than is required by this Chapter, provided that such protection or enforcement does not contravene the provisions of this Chapter.　Each Party shall be free to determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this Chapter within its own legal system and practice.

　　每一缔约方均应实施本章的规定。一缔约方可以，但并无义务，在其法律中为知识产权提供比本章所要求的更为广泛的保护或执行，只要此种保护或执行不违反本章的规定。每一缔约方应有权在其各自的法律制度和实践中确定实施本章规定的适当方法。

Article 18.6: Understandings Regarding Certain Public Health Measures

第18.6条　关于特定公共健康措施的共识

1.　　The Parties affirm their commitment to the Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health.　In particular, the Parties have reached the following understandings regarding this Chapter:

　　 1．缔约方确认其在《TRIPS与公共健康宣言》中的承诺。特别是，缔约方已就本章达成下列谅解：

(a)　　The obligations of this Chapter do not and should not prevent a Party from taking measures to protect public health.　Accordingly, while reiterating their commitment to this Chapter, the Parties affirm that this Chapter can and should be interpreted and implemented in a manner supportive of each Party’s right to protect public health and, in particular, to promote access to medicines for all.　Each Party has the right to determine what constitutes a national emergency or other circumstances of extreme urgency, it being understood that public health crises, including those relating to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other epidemics, can represent a national emergency or other circumstances of extreme urgency.

　　（a）本章的义务不会且不得阻止一缔约方采取措施保护公共健康。因此，在重申其对本章承诺的同时，缔约方确认，本章能够且应该以支持每一缔约方保护公共健康，特别是促进所有人获得药物的权利的方式加以解释和实施。每一缔约方有权确定构成国家紧急状态或其他极端紧急的情况，各方理解公共健康危机，包括与艾滋病病毒／艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾和其他传染病相关的公共健康危机，可以构成国家紧急状态或其他极端紧急的情况。

(b)　　In recognition of the commitment to access to medicines that are supplied in accordance with the Decision of the WTO General Council of August 30, 2003 on the Implementation of Paragraph Six of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (WT/L/540) and the WTO General Council Chairman’s Statement Accompanying the Decision (JOB(03)/177, WT/GC/M/82), as well as the Decision of the WTO General Council of December 6, 2005 on the Amendment of the TRIPS Agreement (WT/L/641) and the WTO General Council Chairperson’s Statement Accompanying the Decision (JOB(05)/319 and Corr. 1,WT/GC/M/100) (collectively, the “TRIPS/health solution”), this Chapter does not and should not prevent the effective utilisation of the TRIPS/health solution.

　　（b）认识到关于获得依照如下宣言和决定所提供药物的承诺：即WTO总理事会2003年8月30日《关于执行〈TRIPS协定与公共健康多哈宣言〉第6段的决定》（WT/L/540）和该决定所附WTO总理事会主席声明（JOB(03)/177, WT/GC/M/82）以及WTO总理事会2005年12月6日《关于〈TRIPS协定〉修正案的决定》（WT/L/641）和该决定所附WTO总理事会主席声明（JOB(05)/319和Corr.1, WT/GC/M/100）（统称为“TRIPS／健康解决方案”），本章不会且不得妨碍TRIPS／健康解决方案的有效利用。

(c)　　With respect to the aforementioned matters, if any waiver of any provision of the TRIPS Agreement, or any amendment of the TRIPS Agreement, enters into force with respect to the Parties, and a Party’s application of a measure in conformity with that waiver or amendment is contrary to the obligations of this Chapter, the Parties shall immediately consult in order to adapt this Chapter as appropriate in the light of the waiver or amendment.

　　（c）对于上述事项，如对《TRIPS协定》任何条款的任何豁免或对《TRIPS协定》的任何修正对缔约方生效，且一缔约方所实施的与该豁免或修正相符的措施与本章的义务相违背，则缔约方应立即进行磋商，以便依照该豁免或修正酌情修改本章。

2.　　Each Party shall notify, if it has not already done so, the WTO of its acceptance of the Protocol amending the TRIPS Agreement, done at Geneva on December 6, 2005.

　　 2．每一缔约方，如其尚未作出通知，则应将其接受2005年12月6日订于日内瓦的《关于修正〈TRIPS协定〉的议定书》一事向WTO作出通知。

Article 18.7: International Agreements

第18.7条　国际协定

1.　　Each Party affirms that it has ratified or acceded to the following agreements:

　　1．每一缔约方确认其已经批准或加入下列协定：

(a)　　Patent Cooperation Treaty, as amended September 28, 1979;

　　（a）1979年9月28日修正的《专利合作条约》；

(b)　　Paris Convention; and

　　（b）《巴黎公约》；以及

(c)　　Berne Convention.

　　（c）《伯尔尼公约》。

2.　　Each Party shall ratify or accede to each of the following agreements, if it is not already a party to that agreement, by the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party:

　　 2．每一缔约方如尚未成为下列协定参加方，则应在截至本协定对该缔约方生效之日批准或加入下列每一协定：

(a)　　Madrid Protocol;

　　（a）《马德里议定书》；

(b)　　Budapest Treaty;

　　（b）《布达佩斯条约》；

(c)　　Singapore Treaty;¹

　　（c）《新加坡条约》；¹

¹A Party may satisfy the obligations in paragraph 2(a) and 2(c) by ratifying or acceding to either the Madrid Protocol or the Singapore Treaty.

¹一缔约方可以通过批准或加入《马德里议定书》或《新加坡条约》两者之一以履行第2款（a）项和第2款（c）项中的义务。

(d)　　UPOV 1991;²

　　（d）1991年UPOV公约；²

²Annex 18-A applies to this subparagraph.

²附件18-A适用于本项。

(e)　　WCT; and

　　（e）WCT；以及

(f)　　WPPT.

　　（f）WPPT。

Article 18.8: National Treatment

第18.8条　国民待遇

1.　　In respect of all categories of intellectual property covered in this Chapter,³ each Party shall accord to nationals of another Party treatment no less favourable than it accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection⁴ of intellectual property rights.

　　1．对于本章涵盖的所有类别的知识产权，³每一缔约方在知识产权保护⁴方面，给予另一缔约方国民的待遇不得低于其给予本国国民的待遇。

³For greater certainty, with respect to copyrights and related rights that are not covered under Section H (Copyright and Related Rights), nothing in this Agreement limits a Party from taking an otherwise permissible derogation from national treatment with respect to those rights.

³为进一步明确，对于H节（版权和相关权 ）未涵盖的版权和相关权，本协定中任何条款不限制一缔约方对这些权利采取在其他情况下允许的对国民待遇的减损。

⁴For the purposes of this paragraph, “protection” shall include matters affecting the availability, acquisition, scope, maintenance and enforcement of intellectual property rights as well as matters affecting the use of intellectual property rights specifically covered by this Chapter.　Further, for the purposes of this paragraph, “protection” also includes the prohibition on the circumvention of effective technological measures set out in Article 18.68 (TPMs) and the provisions concerning rights management information set out in Article 18.69 (RMI).　For greater certainty, “matters affecting the use of intellectual property rights specifically covered by this Chapter” in respect of works, performances and phonograms, include any form of payment, such as licensing fees, royalties, equitable remuneration, or levies, in respect of uses that fall under the copyright and related rights in this Chapter.　The preceding sentence is without prejudice to a Party’s interpretation of “matters affecting the use of intellectual property rights” in footnote 3 of the TRIPS Agreement.

⁴就本款而言，“保护”应包括影响知识产权的效力、获得、范围、维持和执行的事项以及影响本章具体涵盖的知识产权使用的事项。此外，就本款而言，“保护”还包括禁止规避第18.68条（技术保护措施）中所列有效技术措施和第18.69条（权利管理信息）中所列有关权利管理信息的规定。为进一步明确，对于作品、表演和录音制品，“影响本章具体涵盖的知识产权使用的事项”，包括任何形式的对归入本章中版权和相关权的使用的支付，例如许可费、许可权使用费、合理报酬或征税。前句不损害一缔约方对《TRIPS协定》脚注3中“影响知识产权使用的事项”的解释。

2.　　With respect to secondary uses of phonograms by means of analog communications and free over-the-air broadcasting, however, a Party may limit the rights of the performers and producers of another Party to the rights its persons are accorded within the jurisdiction of that other Party.

　　2．然而对于通过模拟通信和免费无线广播对录音制品的二次使用，一缔约方可将另一缔约方的表演者和制作者的权利限定为该缔约方的人在该另一缔约方管辖范围内被给予的权利。

3.　　A Party may derogate from paragraph 1 in relation to its judicial and administrative procedures, including requiring a national of another Party to designate an address for service of process in its territory, or to appoint an agent in its territory, provided that such derogation is:

　　 3．一缔约方可在其司法和行政程序方面减损第1款，包括要求另一缔约方国民在其领土内指定送达地址，或在其领土内委派代理人，只要此种减损：

(a)　　necessary to secure compliance with laws or regulations that are not inconsistent with this Chapter; and

　　（a）为保证遵守与本章不相抵触的法律或法规所必需；以及

(b)　　not applied in a manner that would constitute a disguised restriction on trade.

　　（b）不以对贸易构成变相限制的方式实施。

4.　　Paragraph 1 does not apply to procedures provided in multilateral agreements concluded under the auspices of WIPO relating to the acquisition or maintenance of intellectual property rights.

　　4．第1 款不适用于在WIPO主持下缔结的多边协定中所规定的与获得或维持知识产权相关的程序。

Article 18.9: Transparency

第18.9条　透明度

1.　　Further to Article 26.2 (Publication) and Article 18.73.1 (Enforcement Practices with Respect to Intellectual Property Rights), each Party shall endeavour to make available on the Internet its laws, regulations, procedures and administrative rulings of general application concerning the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights.

　　1．在第26.2条（公布）和第18.73条（与知识产权有关的执行实践）第1款的基础上，每一缔约方应努力使其与知识产权保护和执行有关的普遍适用的法律、法规、程序和行政裁决在互联网上可获得。

2.　　Each Party shall, subject to its law, endeavour to make available on the Internet information that it makes public concerning applications for trademarks, geographical indications, designs, patents and plant variety rights.^5,6

　　2．每一缔约方，在遵守其法律的前提下，应努力使其已公布的有关商标、地理标志、外观设计、专利和植物新品种权申请的信息在互联网上可获得。^5,6

⁵For greater certainty, paragraphs 2 and 3 are without prejudice to a Party’s obligations under Article 18.24 (Electronic Trademarks System).

⁵为进一步明确，第2款和第3款不损害一缔约方在第18.24条（商标电子系统）下的义务。

⁶For greater certainty, paragraph 2 does not require a Party to make available on the Internet the entire dossier for the relevant application.

⁶为进一步明确，第2款不要求一缔约方使相关申请的整个卷宗在互联网上可获得。

3.　　Each Party shall, subject to its law, make available on the Internet information that it makes public concerning registered or granted trademarks, geographical indications, designs, patents and plant variety rights, sufficient to enable the public to become acquainted with those registered or granted rights.⁷

　　3．每一缔约方，在遵守其法律的前提下，使其已公布的注册或授予的商标、地理标志、外观设计、专利和植物新品种权的信息在互联网上可获得，足以使公众知晓这些注册或授予的权利。⁷

⁷For greater certainty, paragraph 3 does not require a Party to make available on the Internet the entire dossier for the relevant registered or granted intellectual property right.

⁷为进一步明确，第3款不要求一缔约方使相关注册或授权的知识产权的整个卷宗在互联网上可获得。

Article 18.10: Application of Chapter to Existing Subject Matter and Prior Acts

第18.10条　本章对现有客体和先前行为的适用

1.　　Unless otherwise provided in this Chapter, including in Article 18.64 (Application of Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement), this Chapter gives rise to obligations in respect of all subject matter existing at the date of entry into force of this Agreement for a Party and that is protected on that date in the territory of a Party where protection is claimed, or that meets or comes subsequently to meet the criteria for protection under this Chapter.

　　 1．除非本章中另有规定，包括在第18.64条（《伯尔尼公约》第18条和《TRIPS协定》第14条第6款的适用）中另有规定，否则本章对在本协定对一缔约方生效之日已存在且于当日在要求获得保护的一缔约方领土内受到保护的所有客体，或满足或此后满足本章下保护标准的所有客体，均产生义务。

2.　　Unless provided in Article 18.64 (Application of Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement), a Party shall not be required to restore protection to subject matter that on the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party has fallen into the public domain in its territory.

　　 2．除非第18.64条（《伯尔尼公约》第18条和TRIPS协定第14条第6款的适用）中设有规定，否则不得要求一缔约方对本协定对该缔约方生效之日在其领土内已属公有领域的客体恢复保护。

3.　　This Chapter does not give rise to obligations in respect of acts that occurred before the date of entry into force of this Agreement for a Party.

　　3．本章对于本协定对一缔约方生效之日前发生的行为不产生义务。

Article 18.11: Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights

第18.11条　知识产权的权利用尽

　　　Nothing in this Agreement prevents a Party from determining whether or under what conditions the exhaustion of intellectual property rights applies under its legal system.⁸

　　本协定中任何条款不阻止一缔约方在其法律制度内确定是否适用及在何种条件下适用知识产权的权利用尽。⁸

⁸For greater certainty, this Article is without prejudice to any provisions addressing the exhaustion of intellectual property rights in international agreements to which a Party is a party.

⁸为进一步明确，本条不损害一缔约方参加的国际协定中处理知识产权用尽的任何规定。

Section B:
Cooperation

B节：合作

Article 18.12: Contact Points for Cooperation

第18.12条　合作的联络点

　　　Further to Article 21.3 (Contact Points for Cooperation and Capacity Building), each Party may designate and notify under Article 27.5.2 (Contact Points) one or more contact points for the purpose of cooperation under this Section.

　　在第21.3条（合作与能力建设的联络点）基础上，每一缔约方可根据第27.5条（联络点）第2款指定一个或多个联络点并作出通知，以开展本节下的合作。

Article 18.13: Cooperation Activities and Initiatives

第18.13条　合作活动和倡议

　　　The Parties shall endeavour to cooperate on the subject matter covered by this Chapter, such as through appropriate coordination, training and exchange of information between the respective intellectual property offices of the Parties, or other institutions, as determined by each Party.　Cooperation may cover areas such as:

　　缔约方应努力就本章所涵盖的客体开展合作，例如通过按每一缔约方确定的其各自知识产权机构或其他机构之间的适当协调、培训和信息交流。合作可涵盖下列领域：

(a)　　developments in domestic and international intellectual property policy;

　　（a）国内和国际知识产权政策的发展情况；

(b)　　intellectual property administration and registration systems;

　　（b）知识产权管理和注册制度；

(c)　　education and awareness relating to intellectual property;

　　（c）与知识产权相关的教育和意识；

(d)　　intellectual property issues relevant to:

　　（d）与下列相关的知识产权问题：

(i)　small and medium-sized enterprises;

　　（i）中小企业；

(ii)　science, technology and innovation activities; and

　　（ii）科学、技术和创新活动；以及

(iii)　the generation, transfer and dissemination of technology;

　　（iii）技术的产生、转让和传播；

(e)　　policies involving the use of intellectual property for research, innovation and economic growth;

　　（e）涉及在研究、创新和经济增长中使用知识产权的政策；

(f)　　implementation of multilateral intellectual property agreements, such as those concluded or administered under the auspices of WIPO; and

　　（f）知识产权多边协定的实施，例如在WIPO主持下缔结或管理的协定；以及

(g)　　technical assistance for developing countries.

　　（g）对发展中国家的技术援助。

Article 18.14: Patent Cooperation and Work Sharing

第18.14条　专利合作和工作共享

1.　　The Parties recognise the importance of improving the quality and efficiency of their respective patent registration systems as well as simplifying and streamlining the procedures and processes of their respective patent offices for the benefit of all users of the patent system and the public as a whole.

　　1．缔约方认识到为专利制度的所有使用者和整体公众利益而提高各自专利注册制度的质量和效率及简化和精简各自专利机构的程序和流程的重要性。

2.　　Further to paragraph 1, the Parties shall endeavour to cooperate among their respective patent offices to facilitate the sharing and use of search and examination work of other Parties.　This may include:

　　2．在第1款基础上，缔约方应努力在各自专利机构之间进行合作，以便利分享和利用其他缔约方的检索和审查工作。这一合作可包括：

(a)　　making search and examination results available to the patent offices of other Parties;⁹ and

　　（a）使其他缔约方的专利机构可获得检索和审查结果；⁹及

⁹The Parties recognise the importance of multilateral efforts to promote the sharing and use of search and examination results, with a view to improving the quality of search and examination processes and to reducing the costs for both applicants and patent offices.

⁹缔约方认识到促进检索和审查结果分享和使用的多边努力的重要性，目的在于提高检索和审查程序的质量并降低申请人和专利机构的费用。

(b)　　exchanging information on quality assurance systems and quality standards relating to patent examination.

　　（b）交流与专利审查相关的质量保证体系和质量标准的信息。

3.　　In order to reduce the complexity and cost of obtaining the grant of a patent, the Parties shall endeavour to cooperate to reduce differences in the procedures and processes of their respective patent offices.

　　3．为降低获得专利授权的复杂度和费用，缔约方应努力合作，以减少其各自专利机构在程序和流程方面的差异。

4.　　The Parties recognise the importance of giving due consideration to ratifying or acceding to the Patent Law Treaty, done at Geneva, June 1, 2000; or in the alternative, adopting or maintaining procedural standards consistent with the objective of the Patent Law Treaty.

　　4．缔约方认识到考虑批准或加入2000年6月1日订于日内瓦的《专利法条约》的重要性；或作为替代，采用或维持与《专利法条约》的目标相一致的程序标准的重要性。

Article 18.15: Public Domain

第18.15条　公有领域

1.　　The Parties recognise the importance of a rich and accessible public domain.

　　1．缔约方认识到拥有一丰富且可利用的公有领域的重要性。

2.　　The Parties also acknowledge the importance of informational materials, such as publicly accessible databases of registered intellectual property rights that assist in the identification of subject matter that has fallen into the public domain.

　　2．缔约方还承认信息材料的重要性，例如可帮助确定已属公有领域的客体的可公开访问的已注册知识产权数据库。

Article 18.16: Cooperation in the Area of Traditional Knowledge

第18.16条　传统知识领域的合作

1.　　The Parties recognise the relevance of intellectual property systems and traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources to each other, when that traditional knowledge is related to those intellectual property systems.

　　1．缔约方认识到，知识产权制度和遗传资源相关传统知识两者之间的相关性，在该传统知识与知识产权制度相关联的情况下。

2.　　The Parties shall endeavour to cooperate through their respective agencies responsible for intellectual property, or other relevant institutions, to enhance the understanding of issues connected with traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources, and genetic resources.

　　 2．缔约方应通过各自负责知识产权的机构或其他相关机构努力开展合作，以增进对与遗传资源相关的传统知识问题和遗传资源的理解。

3.　　The Parties shall endeavour to pursue quality patent examination, which may include:

　　3．缔约方应努力开展高质量专利审查，可包括：

(a)　　that in determining prior art, relevant publicly available documented information related to traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources may be taken into account;

　　（a）在确定现有技术时，可考虑遗传资源相关传统知识的可公开获得的相关文献信息；

(b)　　an opportunity for third parties to cite, in writing, to the competent examining authority prior art disclosures that may have a bearing on patentability, including prior art disclosures related to traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources;

　　（b）给予第三方机会以书面形式向主管审查机关引用可能影响专利性的现有技术披露，包括与遗传资源相关传统知识有关的现有技术披露；

(c)　　if applicable and appropriate, the use of databases or digital libraries containing traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources; and

　　（c）如适用且适当，使用包含遗传资源相关传统知识的数据库或数字图书馆；以及

(d)　　cooperation in the training of patent examiners in the examination of patent applications related to traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources.

　　（d）在培训审查涉及遗传资源相关传统知识专利申请的专利审查员方面进行合作。

Article 18.17: Cooperation on Request

第18.17条　应请求进行合作

　　　Cooperation activities and initiatives undertaken under this Chapter shall be subject to the availability of resources, and on request, and on terms and conditions mutually agreed upon between the Parties involved.

　　根据本章开展的合作活动和倡议应取决于资源的可获性，并应请求和根据所涉缔约方之间双方同意的条款和条件进行。

Section C:
Trademarks

C节：商标

Article 18.18: Types of Signs Registrable as Trademarks

第18.18条　可注册为商标的标记类型

　　　No Party shall require, as a condition of registration, that a sign be visually perceptible, nor shall a Party deny registration of a trademark only on the ground that the sign of which it is composed is a sound.　Additionally, each Party shall make best efforts to register scent marks.　A Party may require a concise and accurate description, or graphical representation, or both, as applicable, of the trademark.

　　任何缔约方不得作为注册的条件而要求标记可被视觉感知，也不得仅以该标记由声音组成为由拒绝注册一商标。此外，每一缔约方应尽最大努力注册气味商标。一缔约方可要求对商标进行简要和精确的描述或图片表示，或如适用，则两者均包括。

Article 18.19: Collective and Certification Marks

第18.19条　集体商标和证明商标

　　　Each Party shall provide that trademarks include collective marks and certification marks.　A Party is not obligated to treat certification marks as a separate category in its law, provided that those marks are protected.　Each Party shall also provide that signs that may serve as geographical indications are capable of protection under its trademark system.¹⁰

　　每一缔约方应规定商标包括集体商标和证明商标。一缔约方无义务在其法律中将证明商标作为单独类别处理，只要这些商标受到保护。每一缔约方还应规定可作为地理标志的标记在其商标制度下可受到保护。¹⁰

¹⁰Consistent with the definition of a geographical indication in Article 18.1 (Definitions), any sign or combination of signs shall be eligible for protection under one or more of the legal means for protecting geographical indications, or a combination of such means.

¹⁰在与第18.1条（定义）中地理标志的定义相一致的前提下，任何标记或标记的组合应有资格通过一种或多种保护地理标志的法律手段或此类手段的结合加以保护。

Article 18.20: Use of Identical or Similar Signs

第18.20条　相同或相似标识的使用

　　　Each Party shall provide that the owner of a registered trademark has the exclusive right to prevent third parties that do not have the owner’s consent from using in the course of trade identical or similar signs, including subsequent geographical indications,^11,12 for goods or services that are related to those goods or services in respect of which the owner’s trademark is registered, where such use would result in a likelihood of confusion.　In the case of the use of an identical sign for identical goods or services, a likelihood of confusion shall be presumed.

　　每一缔约方应规定，注册商标的所有权人享有专有权，以阻止第三方未经该所有权人同意而在贸易过程中对与所有权人已注册商标的货物或服务有关的货物或服务使用相同或相似标记，包括在后的地理标志，^11,12如此种使用会导致出现混淆的可能性。在对相同货物或服务使用相同标记的情况下，应推定存在混淆的可能性。

¹¹For greater certainty, the exclusive right in this Article applies to cases of unauthorised use of geographical indications with goods for which the trademark is registered, in cases in which the use of that geographical indication in the course of trade would result in a likelihood of confusion as to the source of the goods.

¹¹为进一步明确，本条中的专有权适用于对已注册商标的货物未经授权而使用地理标志的情况，如在贸易过程中使用该地理标志会导致对货物产地出现混淆的可能性。

¹²For greater certainty, the Parties understand that this Article should not be interpreted to affect their rights and obligations under Articles 22 and 23 of the TRIPS Agreement.

¹²为进一步明确，缔约方理解，本条不得解释为影响其在《TRIPS协定》第22条和第23条下的权利和义务。

Article 18.21: Exceptions

第18.21条　例外

　　　A Party may provide limited exceptions to the rights conferred by a trademark, such as fair use of descriptive terms, provided that those exceptions take account of the legitimate interest of the owner of the trademark and of third parties.

　　一缔约方可对商标所授予的权利规定有限的例外，例如合理使用描述性词语，只要这些例外考虑到商标所有权人和第三方的合法利益。

Article 18.22: Well-Known Trademarks

第18.22条　驰名商标

1.　　No Party shall require as a condition for determining that a trademark is well-known that the trademark has been registered in the Party or in another jurisdiction, included on a list of well-known trademarks, or given prior recognition as a well-known trademark.

　　1．任何缔约方不得作为确定商标属驰名的条件而要求该商标在该缔约方或在另一管辖范围内已注册、已列入一驰名商标名单或已事先承认属驰名商标。

2.　　Article 6bis of the Paris Convention shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to goods or services that are not identical or similar to those identified by a wellknown trademark,¹³ whether registered or not, provided that use of that trademark in relation to those goods or services would indicate a connection between those goods or services and the owner of the trademark, and provided that the interests of the owner of the trademark are likely to be damaged by such use.

　　2．《巴黎公约》第6条之二在细节上作必要修改后应适用于与以一驰名商标标识的货物或服务不相同或不相似的货物或服务，¹³无论是否注册，只要对这些货物或服务使用该商标会表明这些货物或服务与商标所有权人之间存在联系，且该商标所有权人的利益有可能因此种使用而受到损害。

¹³In determining whether a trademark is well-known in a Party, that Party need not require that the reputation of the trademark extend beyond the sector of the public that normally deals with the relevant goods or services.

¹³在确定一商标在一缔约方是否驰名时，该缔约方无需要求该商标的声誉延伸至通常处理相关货物或服务的公众中相关群体之外。

3.　　Each Party recognises the importance of the Joint Recommendation Concerning Provisions on the Protection of Well-Known Marks as adopted by the Assembly of the Paris Union for the Protection of Industrial Property and the General Assembly of WIPO at the Thirty-Fourth Series of Meetings of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO September 20 to 29, 1999.

　　3．每一缔约方认识到由保护工业产权巴黎联盟大会和WIPO大会在1999年9月20日至29日的WIPO成员国大会第34届系列会议上通过的《关于保护驰名商标规定的联合建议》的重要性。

4.　　Each Party shall provide for appropriate measures to refuse the application or cancel the registration and prohibit the use of a trademark that is identical or similar to a well-known trademark¹⁴, for identical or similar goods or services, if the use of that trademark is likely to cause confusion with the prior well-known trademark.　A Party may also provide such measures including in cases in which the subsequent trademark is likely to deceive.

　　4．每一缔约方应规定适当措施，驳回商标注册申请或注销商标注册并禁止对相同或相似货物或服务使用与一驰名商标¹⁴相同或相似的商标，如该商标的使用有可能造成与在先驰名商标的混淆。一缔约方也可在对后续商标有欺诈可能的情况下规定此类措施。

¹⁴The Parties understand that a well-known trademark is one that was already well-known before, as determined by a Party, the application for, registration of or use of the first-mentioned trademark.

¹⁴缔约方理解，一驰名商标指在首次提及的商标的申请、注册或使用之前经一缔约方确定已经驰名的商标。

Article 18.23: Procedural Aspects of Examination, Opposition and Cancellation

第18.23条　审查、异议和注销的程序事项

　　　Each Party shall provide a system for the examination and registration of trademarks which includes among other things:

　　每一缔约方应规定一商标审查和注册制度，该制度应特别包括：

(a)　　communicating to the applicant in writing, which may be by electronic means, the reasons for any refusal to register a trademark;

　　（a）书面告知申请人驳回商标注册的理由，可通过电子方式；

(b)　　providing the applicant with an opportunity to respond to communications from the competent authorities, to contest any initial refusal, and to make a judicial appeal of any final refusal to register a trademark;

　　（b）向申请人提供机会以回应主管机关的通知、抗辩任何初审驳回决定并对商标注册的任何终审驳回决定提起司法上诉；

(c)　　providing an opportunity to oppose the registration of a trademark or to seek cancellation¹⁵ of a trademark; and

　　（c）提供对商标注册提出异议或寻求注销¹⁵商标的机会；以及

¹⁵For greater certainty, cancellation for purposes of this Section may be implemented through nullification or revocation proceedings.

¹⁵为进一步明确，就本节而言，注销可通过宣告无效或撤销程序实现。

(d)　　requiring administrative decisions in opposition and cancellation proceedings to be reasoned and in writing, which may be provided by electronic means.

　　（d）要求异议和注销程序中的行政决定说明理由并采取书面形式，可通过电子方式。

Article 18.24: Electronic Trademarks System

第18.24条　商标电子系统

　　　Each Party shall provide:

　　每一缔约方应提供：

(a)　　a system for the electronic application for, and maintenance of, trademarks; and

　　（a）商标电子申请和维持系统；以及

(b)　　a publicly available electronic information system, including an online database, of trademark applications and of registered trademarks.

　　（b）可公开获得的电子信息系统，包括商标申请和已注册商标的在线数据库。

Article 18.25: Classification of Goods and Services

第18.25条　货物和服务的分类

　　　Each Party shall adopt or maintain a trademark classification system that is consistent with the Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks, done at Nice, June 15, 1957, as revised and amended (Nice Classification).　Each Party shall provide that:

　　每一缔约方应采取或设立与1957年6月15日订于尼斯并经修订和修正的《商标注册用货物与服务国际分类尼斯协定》（尼斯分类）相一致的商标分类系统。每一缔约方应规定：

(a)　　registrations and the publications of applications indicate the goods and services by their names, grouped according to the classes established by the Nice Classification;¹⁶ and

　　（a）在注册和申请公告中标明货物和服务的名称，并根据尼斯分类所确定的类别进行分组；¹⁶及

¹⁶A Party that relies on translations of the Nice Classification shall follow updated versions of the Nice Classification to the extent that official translations have been issued and published.

¹⁶依靠尼斯分类译本的一缔约方在官方译本已发布和出版的情况下应遵循尼斯分类的更新版本。

(b)　　goods or services may not be considered as being similar to each other on the ground that, in any registration or publication, they are classified in the same class of the Nice Classification.　Conversely, each Party shall provide that goods or services may not be considered as being dissimilar from each other on the ground that, in any registration or publication, they are classified in different classes of the Nice Classification.

　　（b）货物或服务不得以在任何注册或公告中归入尼斯分类的同一类别为由而被视为彼此相似。相反，每一缔约方应规定货物或服务不得以在任何注册或公告中归入尼斯分类的不同类别为由而被视为彼此相异。

Article 18.26: Term of Protection for Trademarks

第18.26条　商标保护期

　　　Each Party shall provide that initial registration and each renewal of registration of a trademark is for a term of no less than 10 years.

　　每一缔约方应规定商标的初始注册和每次续展的有效期不少于10年。

Article 18.27: Non-Recordal of a Licence

第18.27条　不以许可备案为前提

　　　No Party shall require recordal of trademark licences:

　　缔约方均不得要求商标许可备案：

(a)　　to establish the validity of the licence; or

　　（a）以确立许可的有效性；或

(b)　　as a condition for use of a trademark by a licensee to be deemed to constitute use by the holder in a proceeding that relates to the acquisition, maintenance or enforcement of trademarks.

　　（b）在与商标的获取、维持和实施有关的程序中，作为被许可人使用商标视为持有人使用的条件。

Article 18.28: Domain Names

第18.28条　域名

1.　　In connection with each Party’s system for the management of its countrycode top-level domain (ccTLD) domain names, the following shall be available:

　　1．针对每一缔约方的国家顶级域名（ccTLD）管理制度中的域名，应依照每一缔约的方法律以及，如适用，有关保护隐私和个人数据的相关管理员政策，提供下列各项：

(a)　　an appropriate procedure for the settlement of disputes, based on, or modelled along the same lines as, the principles established in the Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy, as approved by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) or that:

　　（a）以互联网名称与数字地址分配机构（ICANN）批准的《统一域名争议解决政策》所建立的原则为基础或仿照类似方法的争端解决的适当程序，或者具备下列特征的争端解决的适当程序：

(i)　is designed to resolve disputes expeditiously and at low cost;

　　（i）旨在迅速且低成本地解决争端；

(ii)　is fair and equitable;

　　（ii） 公平合理的；

(iii)　is not overly burdensome; and

　　（iii） 不过度繁琐；

(iv)　does not preclude resort to judicial proceedings; and

　　（iv）不排除诉诸司法程序的可能性；以及

(b)　　online public access to a reliable and accurate database of contact information concerning domain name registrants,

　　（b）在线公开访问有关域名注册人联系信息的可靠准确的数据库。

in accordance with each Party’s law and, if applicable, relevant administrator policies regarding protection of privacy and personal data.

2.　　In connection with each Party’s system for the management of ccTLD domain names, appropriate remedies¹⁷ shall be available at least in cases in which a person registers or holds, with a bad faith intent to profit, a domain name that is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark.

　　 2．针对每一缔约方的ccTLD管理制度中的域名，适当的救济¹⁷应至少可用于一人以恶意营利为目的注册或持有与一商标相同或混淆性相似的域名的情况。

¹⁷The Parties understand that such remedies may, but need not, include, among other things, revocation, cancellation, transfer, damages or injunctive relief.

¹⁷缔约方理解，此类救济可但并非必须包括撤销、取消、转让、损害赔偿或禁令等方式。

Section D:
Country Names

D节：国名

Article 18.29: Country Names

第18.29条　国名

　　　Each Party shall provide the legal means for interested persons to prevent commercial use of the country name of a Party in relation to a good in a manner that misleads consumers as to the origin of that good.

　　每一缔约方应为利害关系人提供法律手段，以防止以使消费者对货物来源产生误解的方式对一货物商业性使用一缔约方的国名。

Section E:
Geographical Indications

E节：地理标志

Article 18.30: Recognition of Geographical Indications

第18.30条　地理标志的承认

　　　The Parties recognise that geographical indications may be protected through a trademark or sui generis system or other legal means.

　　缔约方认识到地理标志可通过商标或专门制度或其他法律手段加以保护。

Article 18.31: Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications

第18.31条　保护或承认地理标志的行政程序

　　　If a Party provides administrative procedures for the protection or recognition of geographical indications, whether through a trademark or a sui generis system, that Party shall with respect to applications for that protection or petitions for that recognition:

　　如一缔约方规定保护或承认地理标志的行政程序，无论通过商标还是通过专门制度，则对于该保护的申请或承认的请求，该缔约方应：

(a)　　accept those applications or petitions without requiring intercession by a Party on behalf of its nationals;¹⁸

　　（a）接受申请或请求而不要求一缔约方代表其国民介入；¹⁸

¹⁸This subparagraph also applies to judicial procedures that protect or recognise a geographical indication.

¹⁸本项也适用于保护或承认地理标志的司法程序。

(b)　　process those applications or petitions without imposition of overly burdensome formalities;

　　（b）在处理申请或请求时不施加过于繁琐的手续；

(c)　　ensure that its laws and regulations governing the filing of those applications or petitions are readily available to the public and clearly set out the procedures for these actions;

　　（c）保证其管理提交申请或请求的法律法规可使公众容易获得且明确列出申请或请求的程序；

(d)　　make available information sufficient to allow the general public to obtain guidance concerning the procedures for filing applications or petitions and the processing of those applications or petitions in general; and allow an applicant, a petitioner, or their representative to ascertain the status of specific applications and petitions;

　　（d）提供充分信息，使公众能够获得有关提交申请或请求程序和处理申请或请求的一般指导；且使申请人、请求人或其代表能够确定具体申请和请求的状态；

(e)　　ensure that those applications or petitions are published for opposition and provide procedures for opposing geographical indications that are the subject of applications or petitions; and

　　（e）保证公布申请或请求以供提出异议，并规定对属申请或请求的客体的地理标志提出异议的程序；以及

(f)　　provide for cancellation¹⁹ of the protection or recognition afforded to a geographical indication.

　　（f）规定对给予地理标志的保护或承认予以注销¹⁹。

¹⁹For greater certainty, for the purposes of this Section, cancellation may be implemented through nullification or revocation proceedings.

¹⁹为进一步明确，就本节而言，注销可通过宣告无效或撤销程序加以实施。

Article 18.32: Grounds of Opposition and Cancellation²⁰

第18.32条　异议和注销的理由²⁰

²⁰A Party is not required to apply this Article to geographical indications for wines and spirits or to applications or petitions for those geographical indications.

²⁰一缔约方无需将本条适用于葡萄酒和烈酒的地理标志或这些地理标志的申请或请求。

1.　　If a Party protects or recognises a geographical indication through the procedures referred to in Article 18.31 (Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications), that Party shall provide procedures that allow interested persons to object to the protection or recognition of a geographical indication, and that allow for any such protection or recognition to be refused or otherwise not afforded, at least, on the following grounds:

　　1．如一缔约方通过第18.31条（保护或承认地理标志的行政程序）中所指的程序对地理标志进行保护或承认，则该缔约方应规定允许利害关系人对一地理标志的保护或承认提出异议的程序，并规定至少根据下列理由允许拒绝或不给予任何此种保护或承认的程序：

(a)　　the geographical indication is likely to cause confusion with a trademark that is the subject of a pre-existing good faith pending application or registration in the territory of the Party;

　　（a）该地理标志有可能与属在该缔约方领土内待审查的在先善意申请或注册的客体的一商标产生混淆；

(b)　　the geographical indication is likely to cause confusion with a pre-existing trademark, the rights to which have been acquired in accordance with the Party’s law; and

　　（b）该地理标志有可能与依照该缔约方法律已获权利的在先商标产生混淆；以及

(c)　　the geographical indication is a term customary in common language as the common name²¹1 for the relevant good in the territory of the Party.

　　（c）该地理标志是以通用语言中的惯用名称表示的该缔约方领土内相关货物的通用名称²¹；

²¹For greater certainty, if a Party provides for the procedures in Article 18.31 (Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications) and this Article to be applied to geographical indications for wines and spirits or applications or petitions for those geographical indications, the Parties understand nothing shall require a Party to protect or recognise a geographical indication of any other Party with respect to products of the vine for which the relevant indication is identical with the customary name of a grape variety existing in the territory of that Party.

²¹为进一步明确，如一缔约方规定将第18.31条（保护或承认地理标志的行政程序）和本条中的程序适用于葡萄酒和烈酒的地理标志或适用于对这些地理标志的申请或请求，则缔约方理解，任何内容不得要求一缔约方保护或承认与其领土内存在的葡萄品种通用名称相同的任何其他缔约方关于葡萄产品的一地理标志。

2.　　If a Party has protected or recognised a geographical indication through the procedures referred to in Article 18.31 (Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications), that Party shall provide procedures that allow for interested persons to seek the cancellation of a geographical indication, and that allow for the protection or recognition to be cancelled, at least, on the grounds listed in paragraph 1.　A Party may provide that the grounds listed in paragraph 1 shall apply as of the time of filing the request for protection or recognition of a geographical indication in the territory of the Party.²²

　　2．如一缔约方通过第18.31条（保护或承认地理标志的行政程序）中所指的程序已经对地理标志进行保护或承认，则该缔约方应规定允许利害关系人寻求注销该地理标志的程序，并规定至少根据第1款中所列理由允许注销该保护或承认的程序。一缔约方可规定，第1款中所列理由应于在其领土内提交保护或承认地理标志的请求时即适用。²²

²²For greater certainty, if the grounds listed in paragraph 1 did not exist in a Party’s law as of the time of filing of the request for protection or recognition of a geographical indication under Article 18.31 (Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications), that Party is not required to apply those grounds for the purposes of paragraph 2 or paragraph 4 of this Article in relation to that geographical indication.

²²为进一步明确，如在根据第18.31条（保护或承认地理标志的行政程序）提交对一地理标志进行保护或承认的请求时，一缔约方法律中不存在第1款中所列理由，则就本条第2款或第4款而言，该缔约方无需对该地理标志适用这些理由。

3.　　No Party shall preclude the possibility that the protection or recognition of a geographical indication may be cancelled, or otherwise cease, on the basis that the protected or recognised term has ceased meeting the conditions upon which the protection or recognition was originally granted in that Party.

　　3．任何缔约方不得根据受保护或承认的名称不再符合其在该缔约方最初被给予保护或承认的条件而排除注销或通过其他方式停止对地理标志的保护或承认的可能性。

4.　　If a Party has in place a sui generis system for protecting unregistered geographical indications by means of judicial procedures, that Party shall provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to deny the protection or recognition of a geographical indication if any of the circumstances identified in paragraph 1 has been established.²³ That Party shall also provide a process that allows interested persons to commence a proceeding on the grounds identified in paragraph 1.

　　4．如一缔约方设有通过司法程序保护未注册地理标志的专门制度，则该缔约方应规定如其司法机构确定已发生第1款中所指的情况则有权拒绝对一地理标志给予保护或承认。²³该缔约方还应规定允许利害关系人根据第1款中所确定的理由提起诉讼的程序。

²³As an alternative to this paragraph, if a Party has in place a sui generis system of the type referred to in this paragraph as of the applicable date under Article 18.36.6 (International Agreements), that Party shall at least provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to deny the protection or recognition of a geographical indication if the circumstances identified in paragraph 1(c) have been established.

²³作为对本款的替代，如一缔约方截至第18.36.6条（国际协定）下的适用日期已设有本款所述类型的专门制度，则该缔约方至少应规定，如已确定存在第1款（c）项中所确定的情况，则其司法机关有权拒绝保护或承认一地理标志。

5.　　If a Party provides protection or recognition of a geographical indication through the procedures referred to in Article 18.31 (Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications) to the translation or transliteration of that geographical indication, that Party shall make available procedures that are equivalent to, and grounds that are the same as, those referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 with respect to that translation or transliteration.

　　5．如一缔约方规定通过第18.31条（保护或承认地理标志的行政程序）中所指的程序对一地理标志的意译或字译提供对该地理标志的保护或承认，则该缔约方应对该意译或字译提供与第1款和第2款中所指的等同的程序和相同的理由。

Article 18.33: Guidelines for Determining Whether a Term is the Term Customary in the Common Language

第18.33条　确定一名称是否属通用语言中惯用名称的指南

　　　With respect to the procedures in Article 18.31 (Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications) and Article 18.32 (Grounds of Opposition and Cancellation), in determining whether a term is the term customary in common language as the common name for the relevant good in the territory of a Party, that Party’s authorities shall have the authority to take into account how consumers understand the term in the territory of that Party. Factors relevant to such consumer understanding may include:

　　对于第18.31条（保护或承认地理标志的行政程序）和第18.32条（异议和注销的理由）中的程序，在确定一名称是否属一缔约方领土内通用语言中的惯用名称作为相关货物的通用名称时，该缔约方主管机关应有权考虑在该缔约方领土内消费者如何理解该名称。与消费者理解相关的因素可包括：

(a)　　whether the term is used to refer to the type of good in question, as indicated by competent sources such as dictionaries, newspapers and relevant websites; and

　　（a）如字典、报纸和相关网站等权威来源所示，该名称是否用于指代所涉货物类型；以及

(b)　　how the good referenced by the term is marketed and used in trade in the territory of that Party.²⁴

　　（b）由该名称所指代的货物在该缔约方领土内的贸易过程中如何销售和使用。²⁴

²⁴For the purposes of this subparagraph, a Party’s authorities may take into account, as appropriate, whether the term is used in relevant international standards recognised by the Parties to refer to a type or class of good in the territory of the Party.

²⁴就本项而言，一缔约方的主管机关可酌情考虑该名称是否用于缔约方承认的相关国际标准以指代该缔约方领土内一类型或一类别的货物。

Article 18.34: Multi-Component Terms

第18.34条　复合名称

　　　With respect to the procedures in Article 18.31 (Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications) and Article 18.32 (Grounds of Opposition and Cancellation), an individual component of a multi-component term that is protected as a geographical indication in the territory of a Party shall not be protected in that Party if that individual component is a term customary in the common language as the common name for the associated good.

　　对于第18.31条（保护或承认地理标志的行政程序）和第18.32条（异议和注销的理由）中的程序，如在一缔约方领土内属受保护的地理标志的一复合名称的单独组成部分是作为有关货物通用名称的通用语言中的一惯用名称，则该组成部分不得在该缔约方内受到保护。

Article 18.35: Date of Protection of a Geographical Indication

第18.35条　地理标志的保护日期

　　　If a Party grants protection or recognition to a geographical indication through the procedures referred to in Article 18.31 (Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications), that protection or recognition shall commence no earlier than the filing date²⁵ in the Party or the registration date in the Party, as applicable.

　　如一缔约方通过第18.31条（保护或承认地理标志的行政程序）中所指的程序对一地理标志给予保护或承认，则该保护或承认不得早于在该缔约方的申请日期²⁵或在该缔约方的注册日期（如适用）开始。

²⁵For greater certainty, the filing date referred to in this paragraph includes, as applicable, the priority filing date under the Paris Convention.

²⁵为进一步明确，本款中所指的申请日期，如适用，包括《巴黎公约》规定的优先权申请日。

Article 18.36: International Agreements

第18.36条　国际协定

1.　　If a Party protects or recognises a geographical indication pursuant to an international agreement, as of the applicable date under paragraph 6, involving a Party or a non-Party and that geographical indication is not protected through the procedures referred to in Article 18.31 (Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications)²⁶ or Article 18.32.4 (Grounds of Opposition and Cancellation), that Party shall apply at least procedures and grounds that are equivalent to those in Article 18.31(e) (Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications) and Article 18.32.1 (Grounds of Opposition and Cancellation), as well as:

　　1．如一缔约方截至第6款下的适用日期之时，根据涉及一缔约方或一非缔约方的国际协定保护或承认一地理标志，且该地理标志未通过第18.31条（保护或承认地理标志的行政程序）²⁶或第18.32.4条（异议和注销的理由）中所指的程序予以保护，则该缔约方应至少适用等同于第18.31条（e）项（保护或承认地理标志的行政程序）和第18.32.1条（异议和注销的理由）中的程序和理由，且：

²⁶Each Party shall apply Article 18.33 (Guidelines for Determining Whether a Term is the Term Customary in the Common Language) and Article 18.34 (Multi-Component Terms) in determining whether to grant protection or recognition of a geographical indication pursuant to this paragraph.

²⁶每一缔约方应确定是否根据本款对一地理标志给予保护或承认时适用第18.33条（确定一名称是否属通用语言中惯用名称的指南）和第18.34条（复合名称）。

(a)　　make available information sufficient to allow the general public to obtain guidance concerning the procedures for protecting or recognising the geographical indication and allow interested persons to ascertain the status of requests for protection or recognition;

　　（a）提供充分信息，使公众获得有关地理标志保护或承认程序的指导，并使利害关系人能够确定保护或承认请求的状态；

(b)　　make available to the public, on the Internet, details regarding the terms that the Party is considering protecting or recognising through an international agreement involving a Party or a non- Party, including specifying whether the protection or recognition is being considered for any translations or transliterations of those terms, and with respect to multi-component terms, specifying the components, if any, for which protection or recognition is being considered, or the components that are disclaimed;

　　（b）在互联网上向公众提供关于该缔约方正在考虑通过涉及一缔约方或一非缔约方的国际协定予以保护或承认的名称的细节，包括详细说明是否正在考虑保护或承认此类名称的任何意译或字译，以及对于复合名称，详细说明正在考虑保护或承认的组成部分（如有），或拒绝保护或承认的组成部分；

(c)　　in respect of opposition procedures, provide a reasonable period of time for interested persons to oppose the protection or recognition of the terms referred to in subparagraph (b).　That period shall provide a meaningful opportunity for interested persons to participate in an opposition process; and

　　（c）对于异议程序，提供一合理期限供利害关系人对（b）项中所指的名称保护或承认提出异议。该期限应可向利害关系人提供参与一异议程序的有意义的机会；以及

(d)　　inform the other Parties of the opportunity to oppose, no later than the commencement of the opposition period.

　　（d）不迟于该异议期开始之时，将提出异议的机会告知其他缔约方。

2.　　In respect of international agreements referred to in paragraph 6 that permit the protection or recognition of a new geographical indication, a Party shall:^27,28

　　2．对于第6款中所指的允许保护或承认一新地理标志的国际协定，一缔约方应：^27,28

²⁷In respect of an international agreement referred to in paragraph 6 that has geographical indications that have been identified, but have not yet received protection or recognition in the territory of the Party that is a party to that agreement, that Party may fulfil the obligations of paragraph 2 by complying with the obligations of paragraph 1.

²⁷对于第6款中所指的一国际协定，如其包含已确定但尚未在属该协定一参加方的缔约方领土内获得保护或承认的地理标志，则该缔约方可通过遵守第1款的义务以履行第2款的义务。

²⁸A Party may comply with this Article by applying Article 18.31 (Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications) and Article 18.32 (Grounds of Opposition and Cancellation).

²⁸一缔约方可通过适用第18.31条（保护或承认地理标志的行政程序）和第18.32条（异议和注销的理由）以遵守本条。

(a)　　apply paragraph 1(b);

　　（a）适用第1款（b）项；

(b)　　provide an opportunity for interested persons to comment regarding the protection or recognition of the new geographical indication for a reasonable period of time before such a term is protected or recognised; and

　　（b）在该名称获得保护或承认前的一合理期限内，向利害关系人提供对该新地理标志的保护或承认进行评论的机会；以及

(c)　　inform the other Parties of the opportunity to comment, no later than the commencement of the period for comment.

　　（c）不迟于评论期开始之时，将评论的机会告知其他缔约方。

3.　　For the purposes of this Article, a Party shall not preclude the possibility that the protection or recognition of a geographical indication could cease.

　　3．就本条而言，一缔约方不得排除终止保护或承认一地理标志的可能性。

4.　　For the purposes of this Article, a Party is not required to apply Article 18.32 (Grounds of Opposition and Cancellation), or obligations equivalent to Article 18.32, to geographical indications for wines and spirits or applications for those geographical indications.

　　4．就本条而言，一缔约方无需将第18.32条（异议和注销的理由）或等同于第18.32条的义务适用于葡萄酒和烈酒的地理标志或这些地理标志的申请。

5.　　Protection or recognition provided pursuant to paragraph 1 shall commence no earlier than the date on which the agreement enters into force or, if that Party grants that protection or recognition on a date after the entry into force of the agreement, on that later date.

　　5．根据第1款提供的保护或承认不得早于该协定的生效日期开始，或如缔约方在该协定生效之后的一日期给予保护或承认，则不得早于该稍晚日期开始。

6.　　No Party shall be required to apply this Article to geographical indications that have been specifically identified in, and that are protected or recognised pursuant to, an international agreement involving a Party or a non-Party, provided that the agreement:

　　6．任何缔约方无需将本条适用于已经涉及一缔约方或一非缔约方的一国际协定特别确定并根据该协定予以保护或承认的地理标志，只要该协定：

(a)　　was concluded, or agreed in principle²⁹ , prior to the date of conclusion, or agreement in principle, of this Agreement;

　　（a）在本协定缔结或原则达成一致之日前已经缔结或原则达成一致²⁹；

²⁹For the purpose of this Article, an agreement “agreed in principle” means an agreement involving another government, government entity or international organisation in respect of which a political understanding has been reached and the negotiated outcomes of the agreement have been publically announced.

²⁹就本条而言，“原则达成一致”的协定指涉及另一政府、政府实体或国际组织的一协定，对该协定已达成政治谅解且协定的谈判结果已经公开宣布。

(b)　　was ratified by a Party prior to the date of ratification of this Agreement by that Party; or

　　（b）在一缔约方批准本协定之日前已经该缔约方批准；或

(c)　　entered into force for a Party prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party.

　　（c）在本协定对一缔约方生效之日前已对该缔约方生效。

Section F:
Patents and Undisclosed Test or Other Data

F节：专利和未披露的试验或其他数据

Subsection A: General Patents

A款：普通专利

Article 18.37: Patentable Subject Matter

第18.37条　可授予专利的客体

1.　　Subject to paragraphs 3 and 4, each Party shall make patents available for any invention, whether a product or process, in all fields of technology, provided that the invention is new, involves an inventive step and is capable of industrial application.³⁰

　　1．在遵守第3款和第4款的前提下，每一缔约方应保证所有技术领域的任何发明，无论是产品还是方法，均可授予专利，只要此类发明具有新颖性、包含创造性步骤且可供工业应用。³⁰

³⁰For the purposes of this Section, a Party may deem the terms “inventive step” and “capable of industrial application” to be synonymous with the terms “non-obvious” and “useful”, respectively. In determinations regarding inventive step, or non-obviousness, each Party shall consider whether the claimed invention would have been obvious to a person skilled, or having ordinary skill in the art, having regard to the prior art.

³⁰就本节而言，缔约方可认为“创造性步骤”和“可供工业应用”两个用语分别与“非显而易见性”和“实用性”两个用语的含义相同。在认定创造性步骤或非显而易见性时， 每一缔约方应考虑申请专利的发明对于相关技术领域具有一般技术的人员来说是否是显而易见的，并注意到现有技术。

2.　　Subject to paragraphs 3 and 4 and consistent with paragraph 1, each Party confirms that patents are available for inventions claimed as at least one of the following: new uses of a known product, new methods of using a known product, or new processes of using a known product.　A Party may limit those new processes to those that do not claim the use of the product as such.

　　2．在遵守第3款和第4款并与第1款相一致的前提下，每一缔约方确认以下至少一种类型主张的发明可授予专利：已知产品的新用途，使用已知产品的新方法、使用已知产品的新工序。缔约方可将此种新工序的范围限定为非主张对产品本身的使用。

3.　　A Party may exclude from patentability inventions, the prevention within their territory of the commercial exploitation of which is necessary to protect ordre public or morality, including to protect human, animal or plant life or health or to avoid serious prejudice to nature or the environment, provided that such exclusion is not made merely because the exploitation is prohibited by its law.　A Party may also exclude from patentability:

　　3．一缔约方可拒绝对某些发明授予专利权，如在其领土内阻止对此类发明的商业利用是维护公共秩序或道德，包括保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康，或避免对自然或环境造成严重损害所必需的，只要此种拒绝授予并非仅因为此种利用为其法律法规所禁止。一缔约方还可拒绝对下列内容授予专利：

(a)　　diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical methods for the treatment of humans or animals;

　　（a）医治人类或动物的诊断、治疗和外科手术方法；以及

(b)　　animals other than microorganisms, and essentially biological processes for the production of plants or animals, other than non-biological and microbiological processes.

　　（b）除微生物外的动物，以及除非生物学方法和微生物学方法外的生产植物和动物的实质生物学方法。

4.　　A Party may also exclude from patentability plants other than microorganisms.　However, consistent with paragraph 1 and subject to paragraph 3, each Party confirms that patents are available at least for inventions that are derived from plants.

　　4．一缔约方也有权拒绝授予植物专利权，但微生物除外。但在与第1款相一致并在遵守第3款的前提下，每一缔约方确认，专利至少可授予源自于植物的发明。

Article 18.38: Grace Period

第18.38条　宽限期

　　　Each Party shall disregard at least information contained in public disclosures used to determine if an invention is novel or has an inventive step, if the public disclosure:^31,32

　　每一缔约方在确定某一发明是否具有新颖性或是否包含创造性步骤时，至少不得考虑已公开披露的信息，如此类公开披露：^31,32

³¹No Party shall be required to disregard information contained in applications for, or registrations of, intellectual property rights made available to the public or published by a patent office, unless erroneously published or unless the application was filed without the consent of the inventor or their successor in title, by a third person who obtained the information directly or indirectly from the inventor.

³¹缔约方不得忽视由专利局向公众提供或发布的知识产权申请或注册中包含的信息，除非错误发布，或该申请系由未经发明者或其继承人的同意而由从发明者处直接或间接获得信息的第三人提交。

³²For greater certainty, a Party may limit the application of this Article to disclosures made by, or obtained directly or indirectly from, the inventor or joint inventor.　For greater certainty, a Party may provide that, for the purposes of this Article, information obtained directly or indirectly from the patent applicant may be information contained in the public disclosure that was authorised by, or derived from, the patent applicant.

³²为进一步明确，一缔约方可将本条的适用限于发明者或共同发明者作出的或从其直接或间接获得的披露。为进一步明确，一缔约方可规定，就本条而言，从专利申请人处直接或间接获得的信息可是专利申请人授权或源于专利申请人的公开披露中包含的信息。

(a)　　was made by the patent applicant or by a person that obtained the information directly or indirectly from the patent applicant; and

　　（a）是由专利申请人所为或从专利申请人处直接或间接获取信息的人所为；以及

(b)　　occurred within 12 months prior to the date of the filing of the application in the territory of the Party.

　　（b）发生在该缔约方领土内的申请日之前12个月内。

Article 18.39: Patent Revocation

第18.39条　专利撤销

1.　　Each Party shall provide that a patent may be cancelled, revoked or nullified only on grounds that would have justified a refusal to grant the patent.　A Party may also provide that fraud, misrepresentation or inequitable conduct may be the basis for cancelling, revoking or nullifying a patent or holding a patent unenforceable.

　　1．每一缔约方应规定，只有基于可拒绝专利授权的事由，方可注销、撤销专利或宣告专利无效。一缔约方也可规定，欺诈、虚假陈述或不公正行为可能导致专利被注销、撤销、宣告无效或不可执行。

2.　　Notwithstanding paragraph 1, a Party may provide that a patent may be revoked, provided it is done in a manner consistent with Article 5A of the Paris Convention and the TRIPS Agreement.

　　2．尽管有本条第1款的规定，但是一缔约方仍可规定撤销专利，只要以与《巴黎公约》第5A条和《TRIPS协定》相一致的方式规定。

Article 18.40: Exceptions

第18.40条　例外

　　　A Party may provide limited exceptions to the exclusive rights conferred by a patent, provided that such exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with a normal exploitation of the patent and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the patent owner, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties.

　　一缔约方可以规定专利专有权的有限的例外，只要在顾及第三方合法利益的前提下，该例外不会不合理地与专利的正常利用相冲突，也不会不合理地损害专利所有人的合法权益。

Article 18.41: Other Use Without Authorisation of the Right Holder

第18.41条　未经权利持有人授权的其他使用

　　　The Parties understand that nothing in this Chapter limits a Party’s rights and obligations under Article 31 of the TRIPS Agreement, any waiver or any amendment to that Article that the Parties accept.

　　缔约方理解，本章并不限制缔约方在《TRIPS协定》第31条下的权利和义务，也不限制该缔约方接受的对该条的任何豁免或者修改。

Article 18.42: Patent Filing

第18.42条　专利申请

　　　Each Party shall provide that if an invention is made independently by more than one inventor, and separate applications claiming that invention are filed with, or for, the relevant authority of the Party, that Party shall grant the patent on the application that is patentable and that has the earliest filing date or, if applicable, priority date,³³ unless that application has, prior to publication,³⁴ been withdrawn, abandoned or refused.

　　每一缔约方应规定，如一项发明被不同的发明者独立创造，且分别向该缔约方的有关机关申请该项发明为专利，则该缔约方应将专利权授予符合专利授予条件且申请日或如适用，优先权日在前的申请，³³除非该申请在公告之前³⁴已经被撤回、放弃或驳回。

³³A Party shall not be required to apply this Article in cases involving derivation or in situations involving any application that has or had, at any time, at least one claim having an effective filing date before the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party or any application that has or had, at any time, a priority claim to an application that contains or contained such a claim.

³³缔约方在下列情形下缔约方无需适用本条：涉及衍生，或者涉及包含或在任何时候曾经包含至少一个在本协定对该缔约方生效前存在有效的申请日的权利主张的任何申请，或者涉及包含或在任何时候曾经包含存在或曾经存在此等权利主张的一个申请主张优先权的任何申请。

³⁴For greater certainty, a Party may grant the patent to the subsequent application that is patentable, if an earlier application has been withdrawn, abandoned, or refused, or is not prior art against the subsequent application.

³⁴为进一步明确，如在先申请被撤回、放弃或驳回或并未对在后申请构成现有技术，缔约方可把专利权授予在后提出的可专利申请。

Article 18.43: Amendments, Corrections and Observations

第18.43条　修正、更正和陈述意见

　　　Each Party shall provide a patent applicant with at least one opportunity to make amendments, corrections and observations in connection with its application.³⁵

　　每一缔约方应为专利申请人提供至少一次对其专利申请进行修改、更正和陈述意见的机会。³⁵

³⁵A Party may provide that such amendments do not go beyond the scope of the disclosure of the invention, as of the filing date.

³⁵一缔约方可规定此类修正不得超出该发明截至申请日的披露范围。

Article 18.44: Publication of Patent Applications

第18.44条　专利申请的公布

1.　　Recognising the benefits of transparency in the patent system, each Party shall endeavour to publish unpublished pending patent applications promptly after the expiration of 18 months from the filing date or, if priority is claimed, from the earliest priority date.

　　1．认识到透明度在专利制度中的积极作用，每一缔约方应努力在专利申请日或最早的优先权（如存在优先权主张）起18个月后迅速公布尚未公布的未决专利申请。

2.　　If a pending application is not published promptly in accordance with paragraph 1, a Party shall publish that application or the corresponding patent, as soon as practicable.

　　2．如未决申请未依照第1款迅速公布，一缔约方应尽可能快地公布该申请或相应专利。

3.　　Each Party shall provide that an applicant may request the early publication of an application prior to the expiration of the period referred to in paragraph 1.

　　3．每一缔约方应规定，专利申请人可请求在第1款所述的期限届满之前早期公布其申请。

Article 18.45: Information Relating to Published Patent Applications and Granted Patents

第18.45条　与已公布专利申请和授权专利有关的信息

　　　For published patent applications and granted patents, and in accordance with the Party’s requirements for prosecution of such applications and patents, each Party shall make available to the public at least the following information, to the extent that such information is in the possession of the competent authorities and is generated on, or after, the date of the entry into force of this Agreement for that Party:

　　对于已公布专利申请和已授权专利，依照缔约方管理此类专利申请和授权专利的规定，每一缔约方应向公众提供至少下列信息，只要此类信息由主管机关持有且产生于本协定对该缔约方生效之日或之后：

(a)　　search and examination results, including details of, or information related to, relevant prior art searches;

　　（a）检索和审查结果，包括相关现有技术检索的细节或相关信息；

(b)　　as appropriate, non-confidential communications from applicants; and

　　（b）如适当，申请人的非保密来文；以及

(c)　　patent and non-patent related literature citations submitted by applicants and relevant third parties.

　　（c）申请人和相关第三方提交的与专利或非专利相关的引用文献。

Article 18.46: Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Granting Authority Delays

第18.46条　因专利局的延迟而调整专利保护期

1.　　Each Party shall make best efforts to process patent applications in an efficient and timely manner, with a view to avoiding unreasonable or unnecessary delays.

　　1．每一缔约方应尽最大努力及时有效地处理专利申请，以避免不合理或不必要的延迟。

2.　　A Party may provide procedures for a patent applicant to request to expedite the examination of its patent application.

　　2．一缔约方可为专利申请人提供加速审查其专利申请的程序。

3.　　If there are unreasonable delays in a Party’s issuance of patents, that Party shall provide the means to, and at the request of the patent owner shall, adjust the term of the patent to compensate for such delays.³⁶

　　3．如一缔约方不合理地延迟授予专利，该缔约方应提供途径，并应专利所有人的请求，调整专利权的期限以补偿该延迟。³⁶

³⁶Annex 18-D applies to this paragraph.

³⁶附件18-D适用于本款。

4.　　For the purposes of this Article, an unreasonable delay at least shall include a delay in the issuance of a patent of more than five years from the date of filing of the application in the territory of the Party, or three years after a request for examination of the application has been made, whichever is later.　A Party may exclude, from the determination of such delays, periods of time that do not occur during the processing³⁷ of, or the examination of, the patent application by the granting authority; periods of time that are not directly attributable³⁸ to the granting authority; as well as periods of time that are attributable to the patent applicant.³⁹

　　4．就本条而言，不合理的延迟至少应包括自在该缔约方领土内提交申请之日起超过5年或者自请求审查专利之日起超过3年（以较后的日期为准）仍未授予专利。在确定此延迟时，一缔约方可将专利授权机关处理³⁷或审查专利申请过程之外的时间、不直接归因于³⁸专利授权机关的时间以及归因于专利申请人的时间排除在外。³⁹

³⁷For the purposes of this paragraph, a Party may interpret processing to mean initial administrative processing and administrative processing at the time of grant.

³⁷就本款而言，缔约方可将“处理”解释为初始行政处理程序和授权时的行政处理程序。

³⁸A Party may treat delays “that are not directly attributable to the granting authority” as delays that are outside the direction or control of the granting authority.

³⁸缔约方可将“不直接归因于授权机关的延迟”视为授权机关无法控制的延迟。

³⁹Notwithstanding Article 18.10 (Application of Chapter to Existing Subject Matter and Prior Acts), this Article shall apply to all patent applications filed after the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party, or the date two years after the signing of this Agreement, whichever is later for that Party.

³⁹尽管有第18.10条（本章对于现有客体和先前行为的适用）的规定，本条应适用于本协定对该缔约方生效日或本协定签署2周年日（以对该缔约方而言更晚的日期为准）以后提交的所有的专利申请。

Subsection B: Measures Relating to Agricultural Chemical Products

B款：与农用化学品相关的措施

Article 18.47: Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data for Agricultural Chemical Products

第18.47条　对农业化学品的未披露试验或其他数据的保护

1.　　If a Party requires, as a condition for granting marketing approval⁴⁰ for a new agricultural chemical product, the submission of undisclosed test or other data concerning the safety and efficacy of the product,⁴¹ that Party shall not permit third persons, without the consent of the person that previously submitted such information, to market the same or a similar⁴² product on the basis of that information or the marketing approval granted to the person that submitted such test or other data for at least 10 years⁴³ from the date of marketing approval of the new agricultural chemical product in the territory of the Party.

　　1．作为授予一新农业化学品上市许可⁴⁰的条件，如一缔约方要求提交关于该产品安全性和有效性的未披露试验或其他数据，⁴¹则自该新农业化学品在该缔约方获得上市许可之日起至少10年⁴²内，该缔约方不得允许第三方未经先前提交此类信息的人的同意而上市销售基于该信息或授予提交该试验或其他数据的人的上市许可销售的相同或相似⁴³产品。

⁴⁰For the purposes of this Chapter, the term “marketing approval” is synonymous with “sanitary approval” under a Party’s law.

⁴⁰就本章而言，“上市许可”一词与缔约方法律中的“卫生许可”具有相同含义。

⁴¹Each Party confirms that the obligations of this Article apply to cases in which the Party requires the submission of undisclosed test or other data concerning: (a) only the safety of the product, (b) only the efficacy of the product or (c) both.

⁴¹每一缔约方确认，本条的义务适用于缔约方要求提交以下未披露试验或其他数据的情况：（a）仅涉及产品的安全性，（b）仅涉及产品的有效性，或（c）同时涉及两者。

⁴²For greater certainty, for the purposes of this Section, an agricultural chemical product is “similar” to a previously approved agricultural chemical product if the marketing approval, or, in the alternative, the applicant’s request for such approval, of that similar agricultural chemical product is based upon the undisclosed test or other data concerning the safety and efficacy of the previously approved agricultural chemical product, or the prior approval of that previously approved product.

⁴³为进一步明确，就本节而言，如一农业化学品的上市许可或申请人的许可申请依据已获批上市的产品的安全性和有效性的未披露试验或其他数据，或是依据已获批上市的产品的在先许可，则该农业化学品与已获批上市农业化学品“相似”。

⁴³For greater certainty, a Party may limit the period of protection under this Article to 10 years.

⁴²为进一步明确，一缔约方可将本条下的保护期限定为10年。

2.　　If a Party permits, as a condition of granting marketing approval for a new agricultural chemical product, the submission of evidence of a prior marketing approval of the product in another territory, that Party shall not permit third persons, without the consent of the person that previously submitted undisclosed test or other data concerning the safety and efficacy of the product in support of that prior marketing approval, to market the same or a similar product based on that undisclosed test or other data, or other evidence of the prior marketing approval in the other territory, for at least 10 years from the date of marketing approval of the new agricultural chemical product in the territory of the Party.

　　2．作为批准一新农业化学品上市许可的条件，如一缔约方允许提交该产品在其他领土已获批上市许可的证据，则自该新农业化学品在该缔约方获得上市许可之日起至少10年内，该缔约方不得批准第三方未经先前提交关于产品安全性和有效性的未披露试验或其他数据以支持其获得上市许可的人的同意而基于该未披露试验或其他数据或在其他领土获得在先上市许可的证据上市销售相同或相似产品。

3.　　For the purposes of this Article, a new agricultural chemical product is one that contains⁴⁴ a chemical entity that has not been previously approved in the territory of the Party for use in an agricultural chemical product.

　　3．就本条而言，新农业化学品指包含⁴⁴此前从未在该缔约方领土内被批准用于农业化学品的化学成分的农业化学品。

⁴⁴For the purposes of this Article, a Party may treat “contain” as meaning utilise.　For greater certainty, for the purposes of this Article, a Party may treat “utilise” as requiring the new chemical entity to be primarily responsible for the product’s intended effect.

⁴⁴就本条而言，缔约方可将“包含”理解为使用。为进一步明确，就本条而言，缔约方可将“使用”视为要求新化学成分对产品预期效用起主要作用。

Subsection C: Measures Relating to Pharmaceutical Products

C款：与药品相关的措施

Article 18.48: Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Curtailment

第18.48条　因不合理缩短而调整专利保护期

1.　　Each Party shall make best efforts to process applications for marketing approval of pharmaceutical products in an efficient and timely manner, with a view to avoiding unreasonable or unnecessary delays.

　　1．每一缔约方应尽最大努力及时有效地处理药品的上市许可申请，以避免不合理或不必要的延迟。

2.　　With respect to a pharmaceutical product⁴⁵ that is subject to a patent, each Party shall make available an adjustment⁴⁶ of the patent term to compensate the patent owner for unreasonable curtailment of the effective patent term as a result of the marketing approval process.^47,48

　　2．对于受专利保护的药品⁴⁵，每一缔约方应保证调整⁴⁶专利保护期的可能性，以补偿专利所有人因上市许可程序导致的专利保护期的不合理缩短。^47,48

⁴⁵A Party may comply with the obligations of this paragraph with respect to a pharmaceutical product or, alternatively, with respect to a pharmaceutical substance.

⁴⁵缔约方可以就药品产品或作为替代，药品物质遵守本款义务。

⁴⁶For greater certainty, a Party may alternatively make available a period of additional sui generis protection to compensate for unreasonable curtailment of the effective patent term as a result of the marketing approval process.　The sui generis protection shall confer the rights conferred by the patent, subject to any conditions and limitations pursuant to paragraph 3.

⁴⁶为进一步明确，缔约方可提供额外的专门保护期，以补偿因上市许可程序而导致的专利有效期的不合理缩短。在遵守第3款的条件和限制的前提下，该专门保护应授予专利所授予的权利。

⁴⁷Notwithstanding Article 18.10 (Application of Chapter to Existing Subject Matter and Prior Acts), this Article shall apply to all applications for marketing approval filed after the date of entry into force of this Article for that Party.

⁴⁷尽管有第18.10条（本章对现有客体和先前行为的适用）的规定，本条应适用于本条对该缔约方生效日以后提交的所有上市申请。

⁴⁸Annex 18-D applies to this paragraph.

⁴⁸附件18-D适用于本款。

3.　　For greater certainty, in implementing the obligations of this Article, each Party may provide for conditions and limitations, provided that the Party continues to give effect to this Article.

　　3．为进一步明确，在实施本条义务时，只要继续使本条的规定生效，每一缔约方可规定一些条件和限制。

4.　　With the objective of avoiding unreasonable curtailment of the effective patent term, a Party may adopt or maintain procedures that expedite the processing of marketing approval applications.

　　4．为避免专利有效保护期的不合理缩短，缔约方可采取或维持加速处理上市许可申请的程序。

Article 18.49: Regulatory Review Exception

第18.49条　监管审查例外

　　　Without prejudice to the scope of, and consistent with, Article 18.40 (Exceptions), each Party shall adopt or maintain a regulatory review exception⁴⁹ for pharmaceutical products.

　　在不损害第18.40条（例外）的范围并与该条相一致的情况下，每一缔约方应对药品采取或维持监管审查例外⁴⁹。

⁴⁹For greater certainty, consistent with Article 18.40 (Exceptions), nothing prevents a Party from providing that regulatory review exceptions apply for purposes of regulatory reviews in that Party, in another country or both.

⁴⁹为进一步明确，以与第18.40条（例外）相一致的情况下，缔约方有权规定，监管审查的例外适用于其本国的监管审查，或适用于其他国家的监管审查，或均适用。

Article 18.50: Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data⁵⁰

第18.50条　保护未披露试验或其他数据⁵⁰

⁵⁰Annex 18-B and Annex 18-C apply to paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article.

⁵⁰附件18-B和18-C适用于本条第1款和第2款。

1.　　(a) If a Party requires, as a condition for granting marketing approval for a new pharmaceutical product, the submission of undisclosed test or other data concerning the safety and efficacy of the product,⁵¹ that Party shall not permit third persons, without the consent of the person that previously submitted such information, to market the same or a similar⁵² product on the basis of:

　　1．（a）作为授予某一新药上市许可的条件，如一缔约方要求提交关于产品安全性和有效性未披露试验或其他数据⁵¹，则自该新药在该缔约方领土内获得上市许可之日起至少5年内⁵²，该缔约方不得批准第三人未经先前提交此类信息的人的同意而上市销售相同或相似⁵³产品：

⁵¹Each Party confirms that the obligations of this Article, and Article 18.51 (Biologics) apply to cases in which the Party requires the submission of undisclosed test or other data concerning: (a) only the safety of the product, (b) only the efficacy of the product or (c) both.

⁵¹每一缔约方确认，本条和第18.51条（生物制剂）的义务适用于缔约方要求提交下列未披露试验或其他数据的情况：（a）仅涉及产品的安全性，（b）仅涉及产品的有效性，或（c）同时涉及两者。

⁵²For greater certainty, for the purposes of this Section, a pharmaceutical product is “similar” to a previously approved pharmaceutical product if the marketing approval, or, in the alternative, the applicant’s request for such approval, of that similar pharmaceutical product is based upon the undisclosed test or other data concerning the safety and efficacy of the previously approved pharmaceutical product, or the prior approval of that previously approved product.

⁵³为进一步明确，就本节而言，如一药品的上市许可或者申请人的许可申请是基于已获批上市产品安全性和有效性的未披露试验或其他数据，或是基于已获批上市产品的在先许可，则该药品与已获批药品“相似”。

(i)　that information; or

　　（i）该信息；或

(ii)　the marketing approval granted to the person that submitted such information,

　　（ii）授予此类信息提交人的上市许可。

for at least five years⁵³ from the date of marketing approval of the new pharmaceutical product in the territory of the Party.

⁵³For greater certainty, a Party may limit the period of protection under paragraph 1 to five years, and the period of protection under Article 18.51.1(a) (Biologics) to eight years.

⁵²为进一步明确，缔约方可将第1款的保护期限定为5年，将第18.51条第1款（a）项（生物制剂）下的保护期限定为8年。

(b)　　If a Party permits, as a condition of granting marketing approval for a new pharmaceutical product, the submission of evidence of prior marketing approval of the product in another territory, that Party shall not permit third persons, without the consent of a person that previously submitted such information concerning the safety and efficacy of the product, to market a same or a similar product based on evidence relating to prior marketing approval in the other territory for at least five years from the date of marketing approval of the new pharmaceutical product in the territory of that Party.⁵⁴

　　（b）作为批准该新药上市许可的条件，如一缔约方允许提交药品在其他领土已获得上市许可的证据，则自该新药在该缔约方领土内获得上市许可之日起至少5年内，该缔约方不得批准第三方未经先前提交关于该产品安全性和有效性的信息的人的同意，基于与其他领土先前上市许可相关的证据而上市销售相同或相似产品。⁵⁴

⁵⁴Annex 18-D applies to this subparagraph.

⁵⁴附件18-D适用于本项。

2.　　Each Party shall:⁵⁵

　　2．每一缔约方应：⁵⁵

⁵⁵A Party that provides a period of at least eight years of protection pursuant to paragraph 1 is not required to apply paragraph 2.

⁵⁵根据第1款提供至少8年保护期的缔约方不需要适用第2款。

(a)　　apply paragraph 1, mutatis mutandis, for a period of at least three years with respect to new clinical information submitted as required in support of a marketing approval of a previously approved pharmaceutical product covering a new indication, new formulation or new method of administration; or, alternatively,

　　（a）对于为支持已获批药品的新效用、新配方或新给药方法的上市许可而提交的新的临床信息，比照第1款适用至少3年的期限；或，作为替代，

(b)　　apply paragraph 1, mutatis mutandis, for a period of at least five years to new pharmaceutical products that contain⁵⁶ a chemical entity that has not been previously approved in that Party.⁵⁷

　　（b） 对于含有⁵⁶未获该缔约方获批的化学成分的新药，比照第1款适用至少5年的期限。⁵⁷

⁵⁶For the purposes of this Article, a Party may treat “contain” as meaning utilise.

⁵⁶就本条而言，缔约方可将“包含”理解为使用。

⁵⁷For the purposes of Article 18.50.2(b) (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data), a Party may choose to protect only the undisclosed test or other data concerning the safety and efficacy relating to the chemical entity that has not been previously approved.

⁵⁷就第18.50条第2款（b）项（保护未披露试验或其他数据）而言，缔约方可仅保护有关未获批上市的化学成分的安全性和有效性的未披露的试验或其他数据。

3.　　Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 and 2 and Article 18.51 (Biologics), a Party may take measures to protect public health in accordance with:

　　3．尽管有上述第1款、第2款和第18.51条（生物制剂），一缔约方仍可根据下列各项采取措施保护公共健康：

(a)　　the Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health;

　　（a）《TRIPS协定》与公共健康宣言；

(b)　　any waiver of any provision of the TRIPS Agreement granted by WTO Members in accordance with the WTO Agreement to implement the Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health and that is in force between the Parties; or

　　（b）WTO成员为执行《TRIPS协定》与公共健康宣言依据WTO协定作出的任何条款的任何豁免且该豁免在缔约方之间生效；或

(c)　　any amendment of the TRIPS Agreement to implement the Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health that enters into force with respect to the Parties.

　　（c）对缔约方生效的、为执行《TRIPS协定》与公共健康宣言而对《TRIPS协定》所作的任何修正。

Article 18.51: Biologics⁵⁸

第18.51条　生物制剂⁵⁸

⁵⁸Annex 18-B, Annex 18-C and Annex 18-D apply to this Article.

⁵⁸附件18-B、附件18-C和附件18-D适用于本条。

1.　　With regard to protecting new biologics, a Party shall either:

　　1．对于保护新的生物制剂，缔约方应：

(a)　　with respect to the first marketing approval in a Party of a new pharmaceutical product that is or contains a biologic,^59,60 provide effective market protection through the implementation of Article 18.50.1 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.50.3, mutatis mutandis, for a period of at least eight years from the date of first marketing approval of that product in that Party; or, alternatively,

　　（a）对于属于或含有生物成分的新药在一缔约方领土内的首次上市许可，^59,60通过比照适用第18.50条第1款（保护未披露试验或其他数据）和第18.50条第3款提供自在该缔约方内首次上市许可之日起至少8年的有效的市场保护；或，作为替代

⁵⁹Nothing requires a Party to extend the protection of this paragraph to:

⁵⁹缔约方无需将本款的保护缔约方延伸至：

(a)　any second or subsequent marketing approval of such a pharmaceutical product; or

　　（a）该药品的第二次或后续的上市许可；或

(b)　a pharmaceutical product that is or contains a previously approved biologic.

　　（b）属于或包含已获批准的生物成分的药品。

⁶⁰Each Party may provide that an applicant may request approval of a pharmaceutical product that is or contains a biologic under the procedures set forth in Article 18.50.1(a) (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.50.1(b) within five years of the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party, provided that other pharmaceutical products in the same class of products have been approved by that Party under the procedures set forth in Article 18.50.1(a) and Article 18.50.1(b) before the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party.

⁶⁰每一缔约方可规定，自本协定对该缔约方生效后5年内，申请人可根据第18.50条第1款（a）项（保护未披露试验或其他数据）及第18.50条第1款（b）项规定的程序，申请对属于生物制剂或含有生物成分的药品的许可，只要在本协定对该缔约方生效前同种类的其他药品已经根据第18.50条第1款（a）项及第18.50条第1款（b）项规定的程序获得该缔约方的批准。

(b)　　with respect to the first marketing approval in a Party of a new pharmaceutical product that is or contains a biologic, provide effective market protection:

　　（b）对于属于或含有生物成分的新药在缔约方的首次上市许可通过下列方式提供有效的市场保护以在市场上达到可比的效果：

(i)　through the implementation of Article 18.50.1 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.50.3, mutatis mutandis, for a period of at least five years from the date of first marketing approval of that product in that Party,

　　（i）通过比照适用第18.50条第1款（保护未披露试验或其他数据）和第18.50条第3款，自该产品在该缔约方获得首次上市许可之日起提供至少5年的保护期；

(ii)　through other measures, and

　　（ii）通过其他措施；以及

(iii)　recognising that market circumstances also contribute to effective market protection

　　（iii）认识到市场状况也有助于有效的市场保护。

to deliver a comparable outcome in the market.

2.　　For the purposes of this Section, each Party shall apply this Article to, at a minimum, a product that is, or, alternatively, contains, a protein produced using biotechnology processes, for use in human beings for the prevention, treatment, or cure of a disease or condition.

　　2．就本节而言，每一缔约方应至少将本条适用于属于或含有以生物方法生产的蛋白质的用于人类预防、治疗或治愈疾病或症状的产品。

3.　　Recognising that international and domestic regulation of new pharmaceutical products that are or contain a biologic is in a formative stage and that market circumstances may evolve over time, the Parties shall consult after 10 years from the date of entry into force of this Agreement, or as otherwise decided by the Commission, to review the period of exclusivity provided in paragraph 1 and the scope of application provided in paragraph 2, with a view to providing effective incentives for the development of new pharmaceutical products that are or contain a biologic, as well as with a view to facilitating the timely availability of follow-on biosimilars, and to ensuring that the scope of application remains consistent with international developments regarding approval of additional categories of new pharmaceutical products that are or contain a biologic.

　　3．认识到对属于或含有生物成分的新药的国际和国内规范尚处于形成阶段，且市场情况可能会不断变化，缔约方应在本协定生效之日起10年后进行协商，或由自贸协定委员会决定，对第1款规定的专有权的期限和第2款规定的适用范围进行审议，以有效激励属于或包含生物成分的新药的开发，促进后续的生物仿制药的及时获得，并保证其适用范围与属于或包含生物成分的新增种类的新药的许可的国际发展保持一致。

Article 18.52: Definition of New Pharmaceutical Product

第18.52条　新药品的定义

　　　For the purposes of Article 18.50.1 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data), a new pharmaceutical product means a pharmaceutical product that does not contain⁶¹ a chemical entity that has been previously approved in that Party.

　　就第18.50条第1款（保护未披露试验或其他数据）而言，新药品指不包含⁶¹此前已在该缔约方获得上市许可的化学成分的药品。

⁶¹For the purposes of this Article, a Party may treat “contain” as meaning utilise.

⁶¹就本条而言，一缔约方可将“包含”理解为“使用”。

Article 18.53: Measures Relating to the Marketing of Certain Pharmaceutical Products

第18.53条　与部分药品上市销售有关的措施

1.　　If a Party permits, as a condition of approving the marketing of a pharmaceutical product, persons, other than the person originally submitting the safety and efficacy information, to rely on evidence or information concerning the safety and efficacy of a product that was previously approved, such as evidence of prior marketing approval by the Party or in another territory, that Party shall provide:

　　1．作为批准药品上市销售的条件，如一缔约方允许最初提交涉及药品安全性和有效性信息的人之外的人依赖已获批药品的安全性和有效性的证据或信息，例如在该缔约方或其他领土获得的在先上市许可的证据，则该缔约方应提供：

(a)　　a system to provide notice to a patent holder⁶² or to allow for a patent holder to be notified prior to the marketing of such a pharmaceutical product, that such other person is seeking to market that product during the term of an applicable patent claiming the approved product or its approved method of use;

　　（a）一项制度，在该药品上市销售前通知专利持有人⁶²或允许专利持有人获得通知，在其获批产品或方法专利的保护期间内，一申请人正寻求上市销售该药品的；

⁶²For greater certainty, for the purposes of this Article, a Party may provide that a “patent holder” includes a patent licensee or the authorised holder of marketing approval.

⁶²为进一步明确，就本条而言，一缔约方可规定“专利持有人”包括专利被许可人或上市许可的授权持有人。

(b)　　adequate time and opportunity for such a patent holder to seek, prior to the marketing⁶³ of an allegedly infringing product, available remedies in subparagraph (c); and

　　（b）充足的时间和机会，以便专利持有人在涉嫌侵权的产品上市销售⁶³之前能够寻求（c）项所规定的救济；以及

⁶³For the purposes of paragraph 1(b), a Party may treat “marketing” as commencing at the time of listing for purposes of the reimbursement of pharmaceutical products pursuant to a national healthcare programme operated by a Party and inscribed in the Appendix to Annex 26-A (Transparency and Procedural Fairness for Pharmaceutical Products and Medical Devices).

⁶³就第1款（b）项而言，一缔约方可将“上市”理解为自被列入缔约方国家医疗项目药品报销清单和被写入附件26-A（关于药品和医疗设备的透明度和程序公平）的附录之日起。

(c)　　procedures, such as judicial or administrative proceedings, and expeditious remedies, such as preliminary injunctions or equivalent effective provisional measures, for the timely resolution of disputes concerning the validity or infringement of an applicable patent claiming an approved pharmaceutical product or its approved method of use.

　　（c）司法或行政程序等程序以及临时禁令或等同有效的临时措施等快速救济，以便及时解决关于已获批药品或其获批使用方法的专利的有效性或侵权的纠纷。

2.　　As an alternative to paragraph 1, a Party shall instead adopt or maintain a system other than judicial proceedings that precludes, based upon patent-related information submitted to the marketing approval authority by a patent holder or the applicant for marketing approval, or based on direct coordination between the marketing approval authority and the patent office, the issuance of marketing approval to any third person seeking to market a pharmaceutical product subject to a patent claiming that product, unless by consent or acquiescence of the patent holder.

　　2．作为第1款的替代，缔约方应采用或维持一非司法程序之外的制度。在该制度下，除非经专利持有人的同意或默许，不得基于专利持有人或上市许可人向上市许可审批机关提交的与专利相关的信息，或基于上市许可审批机关与专利局之间的直接协调，向寻求上市销售该专利药品的任何第三方发放上市许可。

Article 18.54: Alteration of Period of Protection

第18.54条　保护期限的变更

　　　Subject to Article 18.50.3 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data), if a product is subject to a system of marketing approval in the territory of a Party pursuant to Article 18.47 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data for Agricultural Chemical Products), Article 18.50 or Article 18.51 (Biologics) and is also covered by a patent in the territory of that Party, the Party shall not alter the period of protection that it provides pursuant to Article 18.47, Article 18.50 or Article 18.51 in the event that the patent protection terminates on a date earlier than the end of the period of protection specified in Article 18.47, Article 18.50 or Article 18.51.

　　在遵守第18.50条第3款（保护未披露试验或其他数据）的前提下，如一产品根据第18.47条（对农业化学品的未披露试验或其他数据的保护）、第18.50条或第18.51条（生物制剂）在一缔约方领土受到上市许可制度的规制，且同时受到该缔约方领土内的专利保护，则在该专利权保护期限比第18.47条、第18.50条或第18.51条所规定的保护期限先行届满的情况下，该缔约方不得变更其依据第18.47条、第18.50条或第18.51条规定的保护期。

Section G:
Industrial Designs

G节：工业品外观设计

Article 18.55: Protection

第18.55条　保护

1.　　Each Party shall ensure adequate and effective protection of industrial designs and also confirms that protection for industrial designs is available for designs:

　　1．每一缔约方应保证对工业品外观设计提供充分有效保护，并确认下列设计可获得工业设计保护：

(a)　　embodied in a part of an article; or, alternatively,

　　（a）体现在一物品的一部分之中，或作为替代，

(b)　　having a particular regard, where appropriate, to a part of an article in the context of the article as a whole.

　　（b）在一物品作为一整体的情况下，如适当，特别代表该物品的一部分。

2.　　This Article is subject to Articles 25 and 26 of the TRIPS Agreement.

　　2．本条受《TRIPS协定》第25条和第26条约束。

Article 18.56: Improving Industrial Design Systems

第18.56条　改善工业品外观设计制度

　　　The Parties recognise the importance of improving the quality and efficiency of their respective industrial design registration systems, as well as facilitating the process of cross-border acquisition of rights in their respective industrial design systems, including giving due consideration to ratifying or acceding to the Geneva Act of the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Industrial Designs, done at Geneva, July 2, 1999.

　　缔约方认识到提高各自工业品外观设计注册制度的质量和效率的重要性，还认识到在各自工业品外观设计制度中便利跨境获得权利过程的重要性，包括适当考虑批准或加入1999年7月2日订于日内瓦的《工业品外观设计国际注册海牙协定日内瓦文本》。

Section H:
Copyright and Related Rights

H节：版权和相关权

Article 18.57: Definitions

第18.57条　定义

　　　For the purposes of Article 18.58 (Right of Reproduction) and Article 18.60 (Right of Distribution) through Article 18.70 (Collective Management), the following definitions apply with respect to performers and producers of phonograms:

　　就第18.58条（复制权）及第18.60条（发行权）至第18.70条（集体管理）而言，下列定义对表演者和录音制品制作者适用：

broadcasting means the transmission by wireless means for public reception of sounds or of images and sounds or of the representations thereof; such transmission by satellite is also “broadcasting”; transmission of encrypted signals is “broadcasting” if the means for decrypting are provided to the public by the broadcasting organisation or with its consent;

　　广播指以无线方式播送，使公众能接收声音、或图像和声音、或图像和声音的表现物；通过卫星进行的此类播送也是“广播”；如果广播组织或经其同意将解码方式提供给公众，则传输加密信号也是“广播”；

communication to the public of a performance or a phonogram means the transmission to the public by any medium, other than by broadcasting, of sounds of a performance or the sounds or the representations of sounds fixed in a phonogram;

　　将表演或录音制品向公众传播指通过广播以外的任何媒介将表演的声音或录音制品中固定的声音或声音的表现物播送给公众；

fixation means the embodiment of sounds, or of the representations thereof, from which they can be perceived, reproduced, or communicated through a device;

　　固定指对声音或其表现物的呈现，使得声音可通过装置被感觉、复制和传播；

performers means actors, singers, musicians, dancers, and other persons who act, sing, deliver, declaim, play in, interpret, or otherwise perform literary or artistic works or expressions of folklore;

　　表演者指演员、歌唱家、音乐家、舞蹈家及表演、歌唱、演说、朗诵、演奏、表现、或以其他方式表演文学或艺术作品或民间文学艺术作品的其他人；

phonogram means the fixation of the sounds of a performance or of other sounds, or of a representation of sounds, other than in the form of a fixation incorporated in a cinematographic or other audio-visual work;

　　录音制品指对表演的声音、其他声音或声音的表现物的固定，纳入电影作品或视听作品的固定除外；

producer of a phonogram means a person that takes the initiative and has the responsibility for the first fixation of the sounds of a performance or other sounds, or the representations of sounds; and

　　录音制品制作者指带头发起并对表演声音、其他声音或声音表现物的首次固定负责的人。

publication of a performance or phonogram means the offering of copies of the performance or the phonogram to the public, with the consent of the right holder, and provided that copies are offered to the public in reasonable quantity.

　　表演或录音制品的发表指经权利持有人同意而将表演或录音制品的复制件提供给公众，且复制件系以合理的数量提供给公众。

Article 18.58: Right of Reproduction

第18.58条　复制权

　　　Each Party shall provide⁶⁴ to authors, performers and producers of phonograms⁶⁵ the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit all reproduction of their works, performances or phonograms in any manner or form, including in electronic form.

　　每一缔约方应给予⁶⁴作者、表演者和录音制品制作者⁶⁵授权或禁止对其作品、表演和录音制品以任何方式或形式进行的所有复制的专有权，包括电子形式。

⁶⁴For greater certainty, the Parties understand that it is a matter for each Party’s law to prescribe that works, performances or phonograms in general or any specified categories of works, performances and phonograms are not protected by copyright or related rights unless the work, performance or phonogram has been fixed in some material form.

⁶⁴为进一步明确，缔约方理解，应由每一缔约方的法律规定，一般作品、表演或录音制品或任何特定类别的作品、表演和录音制品不受版权或相关权保护，除非作品、表演或录音制品已经以某种物质形式加以固定。

⁶⁵References to “authors, performers, and producers of phonograms” refer also to any of their successors in interest.

⁶⁵提及“作者、表演者和录音制品制作者”也指其任何利益继承人。

Article 18.59: Right of Communication to the Public

第18.59条　向公众传播权

　　　Without prejudice to Article 11(1)(ii), Article 11bis(1)(i) and (ii), Article 11ter(1)(ii), Article 14(1)(ii), and Article 14bis(1) of the Berne Convention, each Party shall provide to authors the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit the communication to the public of their works, by wire or wireless means, including the making available to the public of their works in such a way that members of the public may access these works from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.⁶⁶

　　在不损害《伯尔尼公约》第11条第（1）款（ii）项、第11条之二第（1）款（i）项和第（1）款（ii）项、第11条之三第（1）款（ii）目、第14条第（1）款（ii）项和第14条之二第（1）款的情况下，每一缔约方应给予作者授权或禁止以有线或无线方式向公众传播其作品的专有权，包括向公众提供其作品，从而使公众人士可在个人选择的地点和时间获得这些作品。⁶⁶

⁶⁶The Parties understand that the mere provision of physical facilities for enabling or making a communication does not in itself amount to communication within the meaning of this Chapter or the Berne Convention.　The Parties further understand that nothing in this Article precludes a Party from applying Article 11bis(2) of the Berne Convention.

⁶⁶缔约方理解，仅提供实体设施使传播成为可能或进行传播本身并不意味着属本章或《伯尔尼公约》范围内的传播。缔约方进一步理解，本条中任何内容不阻止一缔约方适用《伯尔尼公约》第11条之二第（2）款。

Article 18.60: Right of Distribution

第18.60条　发行权

　　　Each Party shall provide to authors, performers and producers of phonograms the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit the making available to the public of the original and copies⁶⁷ of their works, performances and phonograms through sale or other transfer of ownership.

　　每一缔约方应给予作者、表演者和录音制品制作者授权或禁止通过销售或其他所有权转让方式向公众提供其作品、表演和录音制品的原件和复制品⁶⁷的专有权。

⁶⁷The expressions “copies” and “original and copies”, that are subject to the right of distribution in this Article, refer exclusively to fixed copies that can be put into circulation as tangible objects.

⁶⁷本条中发行权所涉的“复制品”和“原件和复制品”的表述专门指可以有形物体发行的已固定复制品。

Article 18.61: No Hierarchy

第18.61条　无层级

　　　Each Party shall provide that in cases in which authorisation is needed from both the author of a work embodied in a phonogram and a performer or producer that owns rights in the phonogram:

　　每一缔约方应规定，在同时需要录音制品所含作品的作者及对录音制品享有权利的表演者和制作者的授权的情况下：

(a)　　the need for the authorisation of the author does not cease to exist because the authorisation of the performer or producer is also required; and

　　（a）对作者授权的需要并不因需要表演者或制作者的授权而终止；以及

(b)　　the need for the authorisation of the performer or producer does not cease to exist because the authorisation of the author is also required.

　　（b）对表演者或制作者授权的需要并不因需要作者授权而终止。

Article 18.62: Related Rights

第18.62条　相关权

1.　　Each Party shall accord the rights provided for in this Chapter with respect to performers and producers of phonograms: to the performers and producers of phonograms that are nationals⁶⁸ of another Party; and to performances or phonograms first published or first fixed⁶⁹ in the territory of another Party.⁷⁰ A performance or phonogram shall be considered first published in the territory of a Party if it is published in the territory of that Party within 30 days of its original publication.

　　1．每一缔约方应将本章中所规定的表演者和录音制品制作者的权利授予：属另一缔约方国民⁶⁸的表演者和录音制品制作者；在另一缔约方领土内首次发表或首次固定⁶⁹的表演或录音制品。⁷⁰如表演或录音制品在其最初发表后30天内在一缔约方领土内发表，则该表演或录音制品应被视为在该缔约方领土内首次发表。

⁶⁸For the purposes of determining criteria for eligibility under this Article, with respect to performers, a Party may treat “nationals” as those who would meet the criteria for eligibility under Article 3 of the WPPT.

⁶⁸就确定本条下资格标准而言，对于表演者，一缔约方可将“国民”视为会满足WPPT第3条下资格标准的人。

⁶⁹For the purposes of this Article, fixation means the finalisation of the master tape or its equivalent.

⁶⁹就本条而言，固定指母带或其同等物的定稿。

⁷⁰For greater certainty, in this paragraph with respect to performances or phonograms first published or first fixed in the territory of a Party, a Party may apply the criterion of publication, or alternatively, the criterion of fixation, or both.　For greater certainty, consistent with Article 18.8 (National Treatment), each Party shall accord to performances and phonograms first published or first fixed in the territory of another Party treatment no less favourable than it accords to performances or phonograms first published or first fixed in its own territory.

⁷⁰为进一步明确，在本款中，对于在一缔约方领土内首次发表或首次固定的表演或录音制品，一缔约方可适用发表的标准，或作为替代，适用固定的标准，或两者均适用。为进一步明确，在与第18.8条（国民待遇）相一致的前提下，每一缔约方应授予在另一缔约方领土内首次发表或首次固定的表演和录音制品不低于其授予在其本国领土内首次发表或首次固定的表演或录音制品的待遇。

2.　　Each Party shall provide to performers the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit:

　　2．每一缔约方应给予表演者授权或禁止下列行为的专有权：

(a)　　the broadcasting and communication to the public of their unfixed performances, unless the performance is already a broadcast performance; and

　　（a）广播或向公众传播其未固定的表演，除非该表演已属广播表演；以及

(b)　　the fixation of their unfixed performances.

　　（b）固定其尚未固定的表演。

3.　　(a)　　Each Party shall provide to performers and producers of phonograms the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit the broadcasting or any communication to the public of their performances or phonograms, by wire or wireless means,^71,72 and the making available to the public of those performances or phonograms in such a way that members of the public may access them from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

　　3.（a）每一缔约方应给予表演者和录音制品制作者授权或禁止以有线或无线方式广播或向公众传播其表演或录音制品的专有权，^71,72并向公众提供这些表演或录音制品，从而使公众人士可在个人选择的地点和时间获得。

⁷¹With respect to broadcasting and communication to the public, a Party may satisfy the obligation by applying Article 15(1) and Article 15(4) of the WPPT and may also apply Article 15(2) of the WPPT, provided that it is done in a manner consistent with that Party’s obligations under Article 18.8 (National Treatment).

⁷¹关于广播和向公众传播，缔约方可通过适用WPPT第15条第（1）款和第15条第（4）款履行义务，也可适用第15条第（2）款，只要适用方式与该缔约方在第18.8条（国民待遇）下的义务相一致。

⁷²For greater certainty, the obligation under this paragraph does not include broadcasting or communication to the public, by wire or wireless means, of the sounds or representations of sounds fixed in a phonogram that are incorporated in a cinematographic or other audio-visual work.

⁷²为进一步明确，本款下的义务不包括以有线或无线方式广播或向公众传播固定在一电影或其他视听作品中所包含的一录音制品中的声音或声音表现物。

(b)　　Notwithstanding subparagraph (a) and Article 18.65 (Limitations and Exceptions), the application of the right referred to in subparagraph (a) to analog transmissions and non-interactive free over-the-air broadcasts, and exceptions or limitations to this right for those activities, is a matter of each Party’s law.⁷³

　　（b）尽管有（a）项和第18.65条（限制和例外），但是对模拟传送和非交互式免费无线广播适用（a）项中所指权利及这一权利对这些活动的例外或限制属每一缔约方的法律事项。⁷³

⁷³For the purposes of this subparagraph the Parties understand that a Party may provide for the retransmission of non-interactive, free over-the-air broadcasts, provided that these retransmissions are lawfully permitted by that Party’s government communications authority; any entity engaging in these retransmissions complies with the relevant rules, orders or regulations of that authority; and these retransmissions do not include those delivered and accessed over the Internet.　For greater certainty this footnote does not limit a Party’s ability to avail itself of this subparagraph.

⁷³就本项而言，缔约方理解，一缔约方可提供非交互式免费无线广播的转播，只要这些转播经该缔约方政府通信管理机构合法准许；任何从事这些转播的实体遵守该机构的相关规定、命令或法规；且这些转播不包括通过互联网的传送和接入。为进一步明确，本脚注不限制一缔约方利用本项的能力。

Article 18.63: Term of Protection for Copyright and Related Rights

第18.63条　版权和相关权的保护期

　　　Each Party shall provide that in cases in which the term of protection of a work, performance or phonogram is to be calculated:⁷⁴

　　每一缔约方应规定，作品、表演或录音制品的保护期限计算如下：⁷⁴

⁷⁴For greater certainty, in implementing this Article, nothing prevents a Party from promoting certainty for the legitimate use and exploitation of a work, performance or phonogram during its term of protection, consistent with Article 18.65 (Limitations and Exceptions) and that Party’s international obligations.

⁷⁴为进一步明确，在实施本条时，本协定任何条款均不排除缔约方以与本协定第18.65条（限制和例外）及缔约方承担的国际义务相一致的方式，促进合理使用和开发在保护期内的作品、表演和录音制品的确定性。

(a)　　on the basis of the life of a natural person, the term shall be not less than the life of the author and 70 years after the author’s death;⁷⁵ and

　　（a）以自然人生命为计算基础，保护期不得少于作者有生之年加死后70年；⁷⁵及

⁷⁵The Parties understand that if a Party provides its nationals a term of copyright protection that exceeds life of the author plus 70 years, nothing in this Article or Article 18.8 (National Treatment) shall preclude that Party from applying Article 7(8) of the Berne Convention with respect to the term in excess of the term provided in this subparagraph of protection for works of another Party.

⁷⁵缔约方理解，如一缔约方授予其国民的版权保护期限超过作者有生之年加死后70年，本条以及第18.8条（国民待遇）均不排除该缔约方对超过本项规定期限的保护其他缔约方作品的期限适用《伯尔尼公约》第7.8条。

(b)　　on a basis other than the life of a natural person, the term shall be:

　　（b）不以自然人生命为计算基础，保护期应：

(i)　not less than 70 years from the end of the calendar year of the first authorised publication⁷⁶ of the work, performance or phonogram; or

　　（i）自作品、表演及录音制品首次授权发行⁷⁶日历年年底计算，不少于70年；或

⁷⁶For greater certainty, for the purposes of subparagraph (b), if a Party’s law provides for the calculation of term from fixation rather than from the first authorised publication, that Party may continue to calculate the term from fixation.

⁷⁶为进一步明确，就（b）项而言，如一缔约方规定期限自作品固定而非首次授权发行起算，则该缔约方可继续自作品固定起算期限。

(ii)　failing such authorised publication within 25 years from the creation of the work, performance or phonogram, not less than 70 years from the end of the calendar year of the creation of the work, performance or phonogram.⁷⁷

　　（ii）如作品、表演及录音制品自创作之日起25年内未授权发行的，自其创作的日历年年底计算，不少于70年。⁷⁷

⁷⁷For greater certainty, a Party may calculate a term of protection for an anonymous or pseudonymous work or a work of joint authorship in accordance with Article 7(3) or Article 7bis of the Berne Convention, provided that the Party implements the corresponding numerical term of protection required under this Article.

⁷⁷为进一步明确，只要缔约方实施了本条要求的相应的计数保护期，缔约方可根据《伯尔尼公约》第7条第（3）款或第7条之二计算匿名作品、笔名作品和合作作品的保护期。

Article 18.64: Application of Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement

第18.64条　《伯尔尼公约》第18条和《TRIPS协定》第14.6条的适用

　　　Each Party shall apply Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement, mutatis mutandis, to works, performances and phonograms, and the rights in and protections afforded to that subject matter as required by this Section.

　　每一缔约方应将《伯尔尼公约》第18条和《TRIPS协定》第14条第6款，在细节上作必要修改后，适用于作品、表演和录音制品，以及本节规定的客体被赋予的权利与保护。

Article 18.65: Limitations and Exceptions

第18.65条　限制和例外

1.　　With respect to this Section, each Party shall confine limitations or exceptions to exclusive rights to certain special cases that do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work, performance or phonogram, and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.

　　1．关于本节，每一缔约方应将专有权的限制或例外限于某些特殊情况，不得与作品、表演或录音制品的正常利用相冲突，且不得不合理损害权利持有人的合法利益。

2.　　This Article does not reduce or extend the scope of applicability of the limitations and exceptions permitted by the TRIPS Agreement, the Berne Convention, the WCT or the WPPT.

　　2．本条既不缩小也不扩大《TRIPS协定》、《伯尔尼公约》、WCT或WPPT所允许的限制和例外的适用范围。

Article 18.66: Balance in Copyright and Related Rights Systems

第18.66条　版权和相关权制度中的平衡

　　　Each Party shall endeavour to achieve an appropriate balance in its copyright and related rights system, among other things by means of limitations or exceptions that are consistent with Article 18.65 (Limitations and Exceptions), including those for the digital environment, giving due consideration to legitimate purposes such as, but not limited to: criticism; comment; news reporting; teaching, scholarship, research, and other similar purposes; and facilitating access to published works for persons who are blind, visually impaired or otherwise print disabled.^78,79

　　每一缔约方应努力实现其版权和相关权制度中的适当平衡，特别是通过采取与第18.65条（限制和例外）相一致的限制或例外的方式，包括对于数字环境的限制和例外，同时适当考虑合理目的，例如但不限于：批评、评论、新闻报道、教学、学术、研究及其他类似目的，并便利盲人、视力障碍者或其他印刷品阅读障碍者获得已发表的作品。^78,79

⁷⁸As recognised by the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled, done at Marrakesh, June 27, 2013 (Marrakesh Treaty).　The Parties recognise that some Parties facilitate the availability of works in accessible formats for beneficiaries beyond the requirements of the Marrakesh Treaty.

⁷⁸如2013年6月27日订于马拉喀什的《关于为盲人、视障者或其他印刷品阅读障碍者获得已出版作品提供便利的马拉喀什条约》所认识的。缔约方认识到，一些缔约方为受益者获得无障碍格式版的作品提供便利已超出《马拉喀什条约》的要求。

⁷⁹For greater certainty, a use that has commercial aspects may in appropriate circumstances be considered to have a legitimate purpose under Article 18.65 (Limitations and Exceptions).

⁷⁹为进一步明确，具有商业因素的使用可能在适当情况下被认为具有第18.65条（限制和例外）下的合理目的。

Article 18.67: Contractual Transfers

第18.67条　协议转让

　　　Each Party shall provide that for copyright and related rights, any person acquiring or holding any economic right⁸⁰ in a work, performance or phonogram:

　　每一缔约方应规定，对于版权和相关权 ，对作品、表演或录音制品取得或持有任何经济权利⁸⁰的任何人：

⁸⁰For greater certainty, this provision does not affect the exercise of moral rights.

⁸⁰为进一步明确，本条不影响版权精神权利的行使。

(a)　　may freely and separately transfer that right by contract; and

　　（a）可以通过合同自由和单独转让该权利；以及

(b)　　by virtue of contract, including contracts of employment underlying the creation of works, performances or phonograms, shall be able to exercise that right in that person’s own name and enjoy fully the benefits derived from that right.⁸¹

　　（b）借助合同，包括作为作品、表演和录音制品创作基础的雇佣合同，能够以其自身名义行使这种权利，并且完全享受该种权利带来利益。⁸¹

⁸¹Nothing in this Article affects a Party’s ability to establish: (i) which specific contracts underlying the creation of works, performances or phonograms shall, in the absence of a written agreement, result in a transfer of economic rights by operation of law; and (ii) reasonable limits to protect the interests of the original right holders, taking into account the legitimate interests of the transferees.

⁸¹本条概不影响缔约方确定如下事项的能力：（i）在缺乏书面合同时，作为作品、表演和录音制品创作基础的何种特别合同应依法导致经济权利的转移；以及（ii）考虑到受让人的合法利益而对保护原权利人利益的合理限制。

Article 18.68: Technological Protection Measures (TPMs)⁸²

第18.68条　技术保护措施（TPMs）⁸²

⁸²Nothing in this Agreement requires a Party to restrict the importation or domestic sale of a device that does not render effective a technological measure the only purpose of which is to control market segmentation for legitimate physical copies of a cinematographic film, and is not otherwise a violation of its law.

⁸²本协定中任何条款不要求一缔约方限制进口或在国内销售一不使技术措施起效的装置，该技术措施的惟一目的是控制电影的合法有形复制件的市场分割，且在其他方面不违反其法律。

1.　　In order to provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that authors, performers, and producers of phonograms use in connection with the exercise of their rights and that restrict unauthorised acts in respect of their works, performances, and phonograms, each Party shall provide that any person that:

　　1．为提供充分法律保护和有效法律救济，以防止规避作者、表演者和录音制品制作者在行使其权利中所使用的、对就其作品、表演和录音制品的未经授权行为加以限制的有效技术措施，每一缔约方应规定从事下列行为的任何人：

(a)　　knowingly, or having reasonable grounds to know⁸³, circumvents without authority any effective technological measure that controls access to a protected work, performance, or phonogram;⁸⁴ or

　　（a）明知或有合理理由知道⁸³的情况下，未经授权而规避用于控制获得一受保护作品、表演或录音制品的任何有效技术措施；⁸⁴或

⁸³For the purposes of this subparagraph, a Party may provide that reasonable grounds to know may be demonstrated through reasonable evidence, taking into account the facts and circumstances surrounding the alleged illegal act.

⁸³就本项而言，一缔约方可规定，合理理由知道可通过合理的证据加以证明，同时考虑与指控的非法行为紧密相关的事实和情况。

⁸⁴For greater certainty, no Party is required to impose civil or criminal liability under this subparagraph for a person that circumvents any effective technological measure that protects any of the exclusive rights of copyright or related rights in a protected work, performance or phonogram, but does not control access to such that work, performance or phonogram.

⁸⁴为进一步明确，对于规避旨在保护受保护作品、表演或录音制品的任何版权或相关权专有权利的任何有效技术措施、但未规避旨在控制此类作品、表演或录音制品的获得的人，不要求缔约方根据本项对其施加民事或刑事责任。

(b)　　manufactures, imports, distributes,⁸⁵ offers for sale or rental to the public, or otherwise provides devices, products, or components, or offers to the public or provides services, that:

　　（b）生产、进口、分销、⁸⁵许诺销售或向公众出租，或以其他方式提供设备、产品或组件，或向公众许诺提供或提供服务，这些设备、产品、组件或服务：

⁸⁵A Party may provide that the obligations described in this subparagraph with respect to manufacturing, importation, and distribution apply only in cases in which those activities are undertaken for sale or rental, or if those activities prejudice the interests of the right holder of the copyright or related right.

⁸⁵缔约方可规定，本项中所述对制造、进口和分销的义务仅适用于这些活动是为销售或出租所开展的情况，或如这些活动损害版权或相关权的权利持有人的利益的情况。

(i)　are promoted, advertised, or otherwise marketed by that person⁸⁶ for the purpose of circumventing any effective technological measure;

　　（i）系该人为规避任何有效技术措施而推销、广告或以其他方式营销⁸⁶；

⁸⁶The Parties understand that this provision still applies in cases in which the person promotes, advertises, or markets through the services of a third person.

⁸⁶缔约方理解，这一规定仍适用于该人通过一第三人的服务进行推销、广告或营销的情况。

(ii)　have only a limited commercially significant purpose or use other than to circumvent any effective technological measure;⁸⁷ or

　　（ii）除规避任何有效技术措施外，仅有有限商业目的或用途；⁸⁷或

⁸⁷A Party may comply with this paragraph if the conduct referred to in this subparagraph does not have a commercially significant purpose or use other than to circumvent an effective technological measure.

⁸⁷如本项中所指的行为除规避一有效技术措施外缺乏具有商业意义的目的或用途，则一缔约方可以遵守本款。

(iii)　are primarily designed, produced, or performed for the purpose of circumventing any effective technological measure,

　　（iii）主要为规避任何有效技术措施而设计、生产或使用

is liable and subject to the remedies provided for in Article 18.74 (Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies).

应承担责任并适用第18.74条（民事和行政程序及救济措施）中所规定的救济措施。

Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied if any person is found to have engaged wilfully⁸⁸ and for the purposes of commercial advantage or financial gain⁸⁹ in any of the above activities.⁹⁰

　　每一缔约方应规定，如任何人被发现故意⁸⁸并为商业利益或经济收入⁸⁹而从事上述任何活动，则应适用刑事程序和处罚。⁹⁰

⁸⁸For greater certainty, for purposes of this Article and Article 18.69 (RMI), wilfulness contains a knowledge element.

⁸⁸为进一步明确，就本条和第18.69条（权利管理信息）而言，故意包含知情的因素。

⁸⁹For greater certainty, for purposes of this Article, Article 18.69 (RMI) and Article 18.77 (Criminal Procedures and Penalties), the Parties understand that a Party may treat “financial gain” as “commercial purposes”.

⁸⁹为进一步明确，就本条、第18.69条（权利管理信息）和第18.77 条（刑事程序和处罚）而言，缔约方理解，一缔约方可将“经济收入”视为“商业目的”。

⁹⁰For greater certainty, no Party is required to impose liability under this Article and Article 18.69 (RMI) for actions taken by that Party or a third person acting with the authorisation or consent of that Party.

⁹⁰为进一步明确，不要求任何缔约方对其或其授权或同意的第三人采取的行动施以本条和第18.69条（权利管理信息）下的责任。

A Party may provide that the criminal procedures and penalties do not apply to a non-profit library, museum, archive, educational institution, or public noncommercial broadcasting entity.　A Party may also provide that the remedies provided for in Article 18.74 (Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies) do not apply to any of the same entities provided that the above activities are carried out in good faith without knowledge that the conduct is prohibited.

　　一缔约方可规定，该刑事程序和处罚不适用于非营利性的图书馆、博物馆、档案馆、教育机构或公共非商业性广播实体。一缔约方还可规定，第18.74条（民事和行政程序及救济措施）中所规定的救济措施不适用于任何前述实体，只要上述活动为善意从事且不知该行为属禁止之列。

2.　　In implementing paragraph 1, no Party shall be obligated to require that the design of, or the design and selection of parts and components for, a consumer electronics, telecommunications, or computing product provide for a response to any particular technological measure, provided that the product does not otherwise violate a measure implementing paragraph 1.

　　2．在实施第1款时，任何缔约方无义务要求消费电子产品、通信产品或计算机产品的设计或其零部件的设计和选择对任何特定技术措施作出响应，只要该产品未在其他方面违反实施第1款的一措施。

3.　　Each Party shall provide that a violation of a measure implementing this Article is independent of any infringement that might occur under the Party’s law on copyright and related rights.⁹¹

　　3．每一缔约方应规定，违反实施本条的一措施与该缔约方关于版权和相关权的法律下可能发生的任何侵权行为相互独立。⁹¹

⁹¹For greater certainty, a Party is not required to treat the criminal act of circumvention set forth in paragraph 1(a) as an independent violation, where the Party criminally penalises such acts through other means.

⁹¹为进一步明确，如一缔约方通过其他手段对第1款（a）项中所列刑事规避行为进行刑事处罚，则不要求该缔约方将该行为视为独立违法行为。

4.　　With regard to measures implementing paragraph 1:

　　4．关于实施第1款的措施：

(a)　　a Party may provide certain limitations and exceptions to the measures implementing paragraph 1(a) or paragraph 1(b) in order to enable non-infringing uses if there is an actual or likely adverse impact of those measures on those non-infringing uses, as determined through a legislative, regulatory, or administrative process in accordance with the Party’s law, giving due consideration to evidence when presented in that process, including with respect to whether appropriate and effective measures have been taken by rights holders to enable the beneficiaries to enjoy the limitations and exceptions to copyright and related rights under that Party’s law;⁹²

　　（a）一缔约方可对实施第1款（a）项或第1款（b）项的措施规定某些限制和例外，从而允许进行非侵权使用，如按依照其法律通过立法、监管或行政程序所确定的，这些措施对非侵权使用产生实际或可能的不利影响，同时适当考虑在这一程序中提出的证据，包括权利所有人是否已采取适当和有效措施使受益人能够享有该缔约方法律项下对版权和相关权规定的限制和例外；⁹²

⁹²For greater certainty, nothing in this provision requires a Party to make a new determination via the legislative, regulatory, or administrative process with respect to limitations and exceptions to the legal protection of effective technological measures: (i) previously established pursuant to trade agreements in force between two or more Parties; or (ii) previously implemented by the Parties, provided that such limitations and exceptions are otherwise consistent with this paragraph.

⁹²为进一步明确，这一规定中任何内容不要求一缔约方通过立法、监管或行政程序就如下有效技术措施法律保护的限制和例外作出新的确定：（i）根据两个或多个缔约方之间实施的贸易协定在以往确定的限制和例外；或（ii）该缔约方在以往实施的限制和例外，只要此类限制和例外在其他方面与本款一致。

(b)　　any limitations or exceptions to a measure that implements paragraph 1(b) shall be permitted only to enable the legitimate use of a limitation or exception permissible under this Article by its intended beneficiaries⁹³ and does not authorise the making available of devices, products, components, or services beyond those intended beneficiaries;⁹⁴ and

　　（b）实施第1款（b）项的一措施的任何限制或例外应仅被允许用以使预期受益人⁹³能够合理使用本条下允许的一限制或例外，且不授权预期受益人之外的人获得设备、产品、组件或服务；⁹⁴以及

⁹³For greater certainty, a Party may provide an exception to paragraph 1(b) without providing a corresponding exception to paragraph 1(a), provided that the exception to paragraph 1(b) is limited to enabling a legitimate use that is within the scope of limitations or exceptions to paragraph 1(a) as provided under this subparagraph.

⁹³为进一步明确，一缔约方可对第1款（b）项规定一项例外而无需规定第1款（a）项的相应例外，只要第1 款（b）项的例外限于使按本项所规定的在对第1款（a）项的例外或限制范围之内的合理使用得以实现。

⁹⁴For the purposes of interpreting paragraph 4(b) only, paragraph 1(a) should be read to apply to all effective technological measures as defined in paragraph 5, mutatis mutandis.

⁹⁴仅为解释第4款（b）项的目的，第1款（a）项应理解为，在细节上作必要修改后适用于第5款中所定义的所有有效技术措施。

(c)　　a Party shall not, by providing limitations and exceptions under paragraph 4(a) and paragraph 4(b), undermine the adequacy of that Party’s legal system for the protection of effective technological measures, or the effectiveness of legal remedies against the circumvention of such measures, that authors, performers, or producers of phonograms use in connection with the exercise of their rights, or that restrict unauthorised acts in respect of their works, performances or phonograms, as provided for in this Chapter.

　　（c）一缔约方不得通过提供第4款（a）项和第4款（b）项下的例外和限制而损害该缔约方保护有效技术措施的法律制度的适当性，或损害针对规避如下措施的法律救济的有效性：即按本章所规定的，作者、表演者或录音制品制作者行使其权利时所使用的措施，或限制与其作品、表演或录音制品相关的未经授权的行为所使用的措施。

5.　　Effective technological measure means any effective⁹⁵ technology, device, or component that, in the normal course of its operation, controls access to a protected work, performance or phonogram, or protects copyright or related rights related to a work, performance or phonogram.

　　5．有效技术措施指任何有效⁹⁵技术、设备或组件，用以在正常运行过程中，控制对受保护作品、表演或录音制品的获取，或保护与作品、表演或录音制品相关的版权或相关权。

⁹⁵For greater certainty, a technological measure that can, in a usual case, be circumvented accidentally is not an “effective” technological measure.

⁹⁵为进一步明确，在通常情况下可被意外规避的一技术性措施不属一“有效”技术措施。

Article 18.69: Rights Management Information (RMI)⁹⁶

第18.69条　权利管理信息（RMI）⁹⁶

⁹⁶A Party may comply with the obligations in this Article by providing legal protection only to electronic RMI.

⁹⁶一缔约方可通过仅对电子权利管理信息提供法律保护以遵守本条中的义务。

1.　　In order to provide adequate and effective legal remedies to protect RMI:

　　1．为提供充足和有效的法律救济以保护权利管理信息：

(a)　　each Party shall provide that any person that, without authority, and knowing, or having reasonable grounds to know, that it would induce, enable, facilitate or conceal an infringement of the copyright or related right of authors, performers or producers of phonograms:

　　（a）每一缔约方应规定，任何人未经授权且明知或有合理理由知道下列行为会诱使、促成、便利或包庇对作者、表演者或录音制品制作者的版权或相关权的侵权行为：

(i)　knowingly⁹⁷ removes or alters any RMI;

　　（i）故意⁹⁷去除或改变任何权利管理信息；

⁹⁷For greater certainty, a Party may extend the protection afforded by this paragraph to circumstances in which a person engages without knowledge in the acts in sub-subparagraphs (i), (ii) and (iii), and to other related right holders.

⁹⁷为进一步明确，一缔约方可将本款给予的保护延伸至一人在不知情的情况下从事（i）目、（ii）目和（iii）目中的行为的情况，并可延伸至其他相关权利持有人。

(ii)　knowingly distributes or imports for distribution RMI knowing that the RMI has been altered without authority;⁹⁸ or

　　（ii）明知权利管理信息未经授权已被改变，而故意发行或为发行而进口权利管理信息；⁹⁸或

⁹⁸A Party may comply with its obligations under this sub-subparagraph by providing for civil judicial proceedings concerning the enforcement of moral rights under its copyright law.　A Party may also meet its obligation under this sub-subparagraph, if it provides effective protection for original compilations, provided that the acts described in this sub-subparagraph are treated as infringements of copyright in those original compilations.

⁹⁸一缔约方可通过在其版权法律项下规定有关实施精神权利的民事司法程序而遵守其在本目下的义务。如一缔约方对原创汇编作品提供有效保护，则其同样符合其在本目下的义务，只要本目中所述行为被视为侵犯该原创汇编作品的版权。

(iii)　knowingly distributes, imports for distribution, broadcasts, communicates or makes available to the public copies of works, performances or phonograms, knowing that RMI has been removed or altered without authority,

　　（iii）明知权利管理信息未经授权已被除去或改变，而故意发行、为发行而进口、广播、传播或向公众提供作品、表演或录音制品的复制品；

is liable and subject to the remedies set out in Article 18.74 (Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies).

应承担责任并适用第18.74条（民事和行政程序及救济措施）中所列救济措施。

Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied if any person is found to have engaged wilfully and for purposes of commercial advantage or financial gain in any of the above activities.

　　每一缔约方应规定，如任何人被发现故意和为商业利益或经济收入而从事上述任何行为，则应适用刑事程序和处罚。

A Party may provide that the criminal procedures and penalties do not apply to a non-profit library, museum, archive, educational institution or public noncommercial broadcasting entity.⁹⁹

　　一缔约方可规定，刑事程序和处罚不适用于非营利性的图书馆、博物馆、档案馆、教育机构或公共非商业性广播实体。⁹⁹

⁹⁹For greater certainty, a Party may treat a broadcasting entity established without a profit-making purpose under its law as a public non-commercial broadcasting entity.

⁹⁹为进一步明确，一缔约方可将根据其法律建立的不以营利为目的的广播实体视为公共非商业性广播实体。

2.　　For greater certainty, nothing prevents a Party from excluding from a measure that implements paragraph 1 a lawfully authorised activity that is carried out for the purpose of law enforcement, essential security interests or other related governmental purposes, such as the performance of a statutory function.

　　2．为进一步明确，任何内容不阻止一缔约方将为下列目的的合法授权的活动排除在实施第1款的一措施之外：即法律执行、基本安全利益或其他相关政府目的，例如履行法定职能。

3.　　For greater certainty, nothing in this Article shall obligate a Party to require a right holder in a work, performance or phonogram to attach RMI to copies of the work, performance or phonogram, or to cause RMI to appear in connection with a communication of the work, performance or phonogram to the public.

　　3．为进一步明确，本条中任何内容不得为一缔约方设定如下义务：即要求作品、表演或录音制品的权利持有人将权利管理信息附于作品、表演或录音制品之上，或使权利管理信息出现在向公众传播作品、表演或录音制品时。

4.　　RMI means:

　　4．权利管理信息指：

(a)　　information that identifies a work, performance or phonogram, the author of the work, the performer of the performance or the producer of the phonogram; or the owner of any right in the work, performance or phonogram;

　　（a）识别作品、表演或录音制品、作品的作者、表演的表演者或录音制品的制作者的信息；或识别对作品、表演或录音制品拥有任何权利的所有人的信息；

(b)　　information about the terms and conditions of the use of the work, performance or phonogram; or

　　（b）关于使用作品、表演或录音制品的条款和条件的信息；或

(c)　　any numbers or codes that represent the information referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b),

　　（c）代表（a）项或（b）项中所指信息的任何数字或代码，

if any of these items is attached to a copy of the work, performance or phonogram or appears in connection with the communication or making available of a work, performance or phonogram to the public.

如这些信息中的任何一项附于作品、表演或录音制品的复制品上，或出现在向公众传播或提供作品、表演或录音制品时。

Article 18.70: Collective Management

第18.70条　集体管理

　　　 The Parties recognise the important role of collective management societies for copyright and related rights in collecting and distributing royalties¹⁰⁰ based on practices that are fair, efficient, transparent and accountable, which may include appropriate record keeping and reporting mechanisms.

　　缔约方认识到版权和相关权的集体管理组织在基于公平、有效、透明和负责的做法收取和分配许可使用费¹⁰⁰方面的重要性，可包括适当的记录保存和报告机制。

¹⁰⁰For greater certainty, royalties may include equitable remuneration.

¹⁰⁰为进一步明确，许可使用费可包括合理报酬。

Section I:
Enforcement

I节：执法

Article 18.71: General Obligations

第18.71条　一般义务

1.　　Each Party shall ensure that enforcement procedures as specified in this Section are available under its law¹⁰¹ so as to permit effective action against any act of infringement of intellectual property rights covered by this Chapter, including expeditious remedies to prevent infringements and remedies that constitute a deterrent to future infringements.¹⁰² These procedures shall be applied in such a manner as to avoid the creation of barriers to legitimate trade and to provide for safeguards against their abuse.

　　1．每一缔约方应保证其国内法律¹⁰¹中包括关于本节规定的执法程序，以便对任何侵犯本章所涵盖知识产权的行为采取有效行动，包括防止侵权的迅速救济措施和对未来侵权构成威慑的救济措施。¹⁰²此类程序的实施应避免对合法贸易造成障碍并为防止此类程序被滥用提供保障。

¹⁰¹For greater certainty, “law” is not limited to legislation.

¹⁰¹为进一步明确，“法律”不限于立法。

¹⁰²For greater certainty, and subject to Article 44 of the TRIPS Agreement and the provisions of this Agreement, each Party confirms that it makes such remedies available with respect to enterprises, regardless of whether the enterprises are private or state-owned.

¹⁰²为进一步明确，在遵守《TRIPS协定》第44条和本协定条款的前提下，每一缔约方确认将向企业提供此类救济措施，无论其为私营企业还是国有企业。

2.　　Each Party confirms that the enforcement procedures set forth in Article 18.74 (Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies), Article 18.75 (Provisional Measures) and Article 18.77 (Criminal Procedures and Penalties) shall be available to the same extent with respect to acts of trademark infringement, as well as copyright or related rights infringement, in the digital environment.

　　2．每一缔约方确认，第18.74条（民事和行政程序及救济措施）、第18.75条（临时措施）和第18.77条（刑事程序和刑罚）应能同等适用于数字环境中的商标权侵权行为、版权和相关权侵权行为。

3.　　Each Party shall ensure that its procedures concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights are fair and equitable.　These procedures shall not be unnecessarily complicated or costly, or entail unreasonable time-limits or unwarranted delays.

　　3．每一缔约方应保证其实施知识产权的程序公平和公正。此类程序不得不必要的复杂或成本过高，不得限定不合理的时限或无理的延迟。

4.　　This Section does not create any obligation:

　　4．本节未就下列各项设定任何义务：

(a)　　to put in place a judicial system for the enforcement of intellectual property rights distinct from that for the enforcement of law in general, nor does it affect the capacity of each Party to enforce its law in general; or

　　（a）为知识产权执法设定不同于一般法律执法的司法制度，且本节也不影响每一缔约方执行其一般法律的能力；或

(b)　　with respect to the distribution of resources as between the enforcement of intellectual property rights and the enforcement of law in general.

　　（b）在知识产权执法与一般法律执法的资源分配方面。

5.　　In implementing the provisions of this Section in its intellectual property system, each Party shall take into account the need for proportionality between the seriousness of the infringement of the intellectual property right and the applicable remedies and penalties, as well as the interests of third parties.

　　5．在其知识产权制度中实施本节规定时，每一缔约方应考虑在知识产权侵权的严重性与可适用的救济措施与处罚措施对于罪罚相当的要求，并考利第三方利益。

Article 18.72: Presumptions

第18.72条　推定

1.　　In civil, criminal and, if applicable, administrative proceedings involving copyright or related rights, each Party shall provide for a presumption¹⁰³ that, in the absence of proof to the contrary:

　　1．在与版权或相关权利有关的民事、刑事和行政程序（如适用）中，每一缔约方应规定，如无相反证据，则推定¹⁰³：

¹⁰³For greater certainty, a Party may implement this Article on the basis of sworn statements or documents having evidentiary value, such as statutory declarations.　A Party may also provide that these presumptions are rebuttable presumptions that may be rebutted by evidence to the contrary.

¹⁰³ 为进一步明确，一缔约方可以基于誓词或具有证据价值的文件，如法定声明，以实施本条的规定。一缔约方还可规定，此类推定可被相反证据推翻的可反驳推定。

(a)　　the person whose name is indicated in the usual manner¹⁰⁴ as the author, performer or producer of the work, performance or phonogram, or if applicable the publisher, is the designated right holder in that work, performance or phonogram; and

　　（a）以通常方式¹⁰⁴署名的人为作品、表演或录音制品的作者、表演者和制作者；或，如适用，出版者是该作品、表演或录音制品的指定权利人；以及

¹⁰⁴For greater certainty, a Party may establish the means by which it shall determine what constitutes the “usual manner” for a particular physical support.

¹⁰⁴为进一步明确，一缔约方可确立其应确定对某一特定物理支持而言何为“通常方式”的方法。

(b)　　the copyright or related right subsists in such subject matter.

　　（b）版权或相关权利存在于此类客体中。

2.　　In connection with the commencement of a civil, administrative or criminal enforcement proceeding involving a registered trademark that has been substantively examined by its competent authority, each Party shall provide that the trademark be considered prima facie valid.

　　2．如启动的民事、行政或刑事执法程序所涉及的注册商标已经其主管机关实质性审查，则每一缔约方认应规定此商标被视为初步有效。

3.　　In connection with the commencement of a civil or administrative enforcement proceeding involving a patent that has been substantively examined and granted¹⁰⁵ by the competent authority of a Party, that Party shall provide that each claim in the patent be considered prima facie to satisfy the applicable criteria of patentability in the territory of the Party.^106,107

　　3．如启动的民事或行政执法程序所涉及的专利已经其主管机关实质性审查并已被授予专利权¹⁰⁵，则每一缔约方认应规定，专利中的每一项权利主张均被认定为初步满足该缔约方国内适用的可专利性标准。^106,107

¹⁰⁵For greater certainty, nothing in this Chapter prevents a Party from making available third party procedures in connection with its fulfilment of the obligations under paragraphs 2 and 3.

¹⁰⁵为进一步明确，本章任何规定不阻止缔约方在履行第2款和第3款的义务时提供第三方程序。

¹⁰⁶For greater certainty, if a Party provides its administrative authorities with the exclusive authority to determine the validity of a registered trademark or patent, nothing in paragraphs 2 and 3 shall prevent that Party’s competent authority from suspending enforcement procedures until the validity of the registered trademark or patent is determined by the administrative authority.　In those validity procedures, the party challenging the validity of the registered trademark or patent shall be required to prove that the registered trademark or patent is not valid.　Notwithstanding this requirement, a Party may require the trademark holder to provide evidence of first use.

¹⁰⁶为进一步明确，如一缔约方规定其行政主管机关享有排他性权利来确定注册商标或专利的有效性，第2款和第3款的规定不得阻止该缔约方的主管机关在注册商标或专利的有效性被该行政管理机关认定之前中止执法程序。在此效力确认程序中，对此注册商标或专利的效力提出异议的一方应证明注册商标和专利无效。尽管有此要求，一缔约方可要求商标持有人对于使用在先进行举证。

¹⁰⁷A Party may provide that this paragraph applies only to those patents that have been applied for, examined and granted after the entry into force of this Agreement for that Party.

¹⁰⁷一缔约方可规定本款仅适用于在本协定对该缔约方生效申请、审查和授予的专利。

Article 18.73: Enforcement Practices with Respect to Intellectual Property Rights

第18.73条　与知识产权有关的执法实践

1.　　Each Party shall provide that final judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application pertaining to the enforcement of intellectual property rights:

　　1．每一缔约方应规定，与知识产权执法有关的普遍适用的最终司法判决和行政裁定：

(a)　　preferably are in writing and state any relevant findings of fact and the reasoning or the legal basis on which the decisions and rulings are based; and

　　（a）优先采取书面形式并载明对相关事实结论及司法判决和行政裁定所基于的推理和法律依据；以及

(b)　　are published¹⁰⁸ or, if publication is not practicable, otherwise made available to the public in a national language in such a manner as to enable interested persons and Parties to become acquainted with them.

　　（b）公布¹⁰⁸，或在公布不可行时，以本国语言向公众提供，使利害关系人和缔约方知悉。

¹⁰⁸For greater certainty, a Party may satisfy the requirement for publication by making the decision or ruling available to the public on the Internet.

¹⁰⁸为进一步明确，一缔约方可通过将判决或裁定在互联网上向公众提供来满足公布的要求。

2.　　Each Party recognises the importance of collecting and analysing statistical data and other relevant information concerning infringements of intellectual property rights as well as collecting information on best practices to prevent and combat infringements.

　　2．每一缔约方认识到收集及分析与知识产权侵权有关的统计数据及其他重要信息以及收集防止与打击侵权行为最佳实践的信息的重要性。

3.　　Each Party shall publish or otherwise make available to the public information on its efforts to provide effective enforcement of intellectual property rights in its civil, administrative and criminal systems, such as statistical information that the Party may collect for such purposes.

　　3．每一缔约方应公布或使公众知晓其在民事、行政及刑事制度中努力提供有效的知识产权执法的信息，如该缔约方为此目的收集的统计信息。

Article 18.74: Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies

第18.74条　民事和行政程序及救济措施

1.　　Each Party shall make available to right holders civil judicial procedures concerning the enforcement of any intellectual property right covered in this Chapter.¹⁰⁹

　　1．每一缔约方应使权利持有人可获得有关执行本章涵盖的任何知识产权的民事司法程序。¹⁰⁹

¹⁰⁹For the purposes of this Article, the term “right holders” shall include those authorised licensees, federations and associations that have the legal standing and authority to assert such rights.　The term “authorised licensee” shall include the exclusive licensee of any one or more of the exclusive intellectual property rights encompassed in a given intellectual property.

¹⁰⁹就本条而言，“权利持有人”应包括授权的被许可人，以及拥有法律地位或权限主张这一权利的联盟和协会。“授权的被许可人”应包括享有包含在某项智力成果中的一项或多项排他性知识产权的独占被许可人。

2.　　Each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to order injunctive relief that conforms to Article 44 of the TRIPS Agreement, including to prevent goods that involve the infringement of an intellectual property right under the law of the Party providing that relief from entering into the channels of commerce.

　　2．每一缔约方应规定其司法机关有权实施与《TRIPS协定》第44条相符的禁令救济，包括阻止在规定此项救济的缔约方法律中涉及侵犯知识产权侵的货物进入商业渠道。

3.　　Each Party shall provide¹¹⁰ that, in civil judicial proceedings, its judicial authorities have the authority at least to order the infringer to pay the right holder damages adequate to compensate for the injury the right holder has suffered because of an infringement of that person’s intellectual property right by an infringer who knowingly, or with reasonable grounds to know, engaged in infringing activity.

　　3.　每一缔约方应规定¹¹⁰ ，在民事司法程序中，其司法机关至少有权责令明知或有合理理由知道自己从事侵权活动的侵权人向权利持有人支付足以补偿其因知识产权权利侵权行为所受损害的赔偿。

¹¹⁰A Party may also provide that the right holder may not be entitled to any of the remedies set out in paragraphs 3, 5 and 7 if there is a finding of non-use of a trademark.　For greater certainty, there is no obligation for a Party to provide for the possibility of any of the remedies in paragraphs 3, 5, 6 and 7 to be ordered in parallel.

¹¹⁰一缔约方还可规定，如果发现商标未使用，权利人不可享有第3款、第5款和第7款所规定的救济措施。为进一步明确，一缔约方并无义务规定同时判令第3款、第5款、第6款和第7款所规定的救济的可能性。

4.　　In determining the amount of damages under paragraph 3, each Party’s judicial authorities shall have the authority to consider, among other things, any legitimate measure of value the right holder submits, which may include lost profits, the value of the infringed goods or services measured by the market price, or the suggested retail price.

　　4．在确定第3款的赔偿金额时，除了其他因素，每一缔约方的司法机关应有权考虑权利人提交的任何合理价值评估，这可包括：利润损失、以市场价或建议零售价估算的被侵权的产品或服务的价值。

5.　　At least in cases of copyright or related rights infringement and trademark counterfeiting, each Party shall provide that, in civil judicial proceedings, its judicial authorities have the authority to order the infringer, at least in cases described in paragraph 3, to pay the right holder the infringer’s profits that are attributable to the infringement.¹¹¹

　　5．至少在版权或相关权利侵权案件和假冒商标案件中，每一缔约方应规定，在民事司法程序中，其司法机关有权要求侵权人，至少在第3款所述的情况中，向权利人支付侵权人因侵权获得的利润。¹¹¹

¹¹¹A Party may comply with this paragraph through presuming those profits to be the damages referred to in paragraph 3.

¹¹¹一缔约方可通过推定该利润为第3款所指的损害以遵守本款的规定。

6.　　In civil judicial proceedings with respect to the infringement of copyright or related rights protecting works, phonograms or performances, each Party shall establish or maintain a system that provides for one or more of the following:

　　6．在有关侵犯保护作品、录音制品或表演的版权或相关权利的民事司法程序中，每一缔约方应建立或维持一制度，规定下列一种或多种：

(a)　　pre-established damages, which shall be available on the election of the right holder; or

　　（a）法定赔偿，其可依据权利人选择而适用；或

(b)　　additional damages.¹¹²

　　（b）额外赔偿。¹¹²

¹¹²For greater certainty, additional damages may include exemplary or punitive damages.

¹¹²为进一步明确，额外赔偿可包括惩罚性赔偿。

7.　　In civil judicial proceedings with respect to trademark counterfeiting, each Party shall also establish or maintain a system that provides for one or more of the following:

　　7．在有关假冒商标的民事司法程序中，每一缔约方也应建立或维持一制度，规定下列一种或多种：

(a)　　pre-established damages, which shall be available on the election of the right holder; or

　　（a）法定赔偿，其可依据权利人选择而适用；或

(b)　　additional damages.¹¹³

　　（b）额外赔偿。¹¹³

¹¹³For greater certainty, additional damages may include exemplary or punitive damages.

¹¹³为进一步明确，额外赔偿可包括惩罚性赔偿。

8.　　Pre-established damages under paragraphs 6 and 7 shall be set out in an amount that would be sufficient to compensate the right holder for the harm caused by the infringement, and with a view to deterring future infringements.

　　8．第6款和第7款所规定的法定赔偿的数额应足以补偿权利人因侵权所受损害，并以期震慑未来的侵权行为。

9.　　In awarding additional damages under paragraphs 6 and 7, judicial authorities shall have the authority to award such additional damages as they consider appropriate, having regard to all relevant matters, including the nature of the infringing conduct and the need to deter similar infringements in the future.

　　9．在判定第6款和第7款的额外赔偿时，司法机关应有权判处其认为合理的额外赔偿，考虑到所有相关事项，包括侵权行为的性质及期震慑未来类似侵权的需要。

10. 　Each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities, if appropriate, have the authority to order, at the conclusion of civil judicial proceedings concerning infringement of at least copyright or related rights, patents and trademarks, that the prevailing party be awarded payment by the losing party of court costs or fees and appropriate attorney’s fees, or any other expenses as provided for under the Party’s law.

　　10．每一缔约方应规定，至少涉及侵犯版权或相关权利、专利权和商标权的民事司法程序结束时，其司法机关在适当情况下有权要求败诉方向胜诉方支付诉讼费用和合理的律师费，或该缔约方法律规定的其他费用。

11. 　If a Party’s judicial or other authorities appoint a technical or other expert in a civil proceeding concerning the enforcement of an intellectual property right and require that the parties to the proceeding pay the costs of that expert, that Party should seek to ensure that those costs are reasonable and related appropriately, among other things, to the quantity and nature of work to be performed and do not unreasonably deter recourse to such proceedings.

　　11．如一缔约方的司法机关或其他机关在涉及知识产权实施的的民事程序中指定技术专家或其他专家并要求该程序的当事人承担该专家费用，该缔约方应寻求保证该费用是合理的和适当相关的，除其他因素外，与需完成的工作数量及性质，且不得不合理地妨碍此类程序。

12. 　Each Party shall provide that in civil judicial proceedings:

　　12．每一缔约方应规定，在民事司法程序中：

(a)　　at least with respect to pirated copyright goods and counterfeit trademark goods, its judicial authorities have the authority, at the right holder’s request, to order that the infringing goods be destroyed, except in exceptional circumstances, without compensation of any sort;

　　（a）至少对于盗版货物及假冒商标的货物，其司法机关有权应权利人的请求，责令销毁侵权货物，除非例外情形，不作任何补偿；

(b)　　its judicial authorities have the authority to order that materials and implements that have been used in the manufacture or creation of the infringing goods be, without undue delay and without compensation of any sort, destroyed or disposed of outside the channels of commerce in such a manner as to minimise the risk of further infringement; and

　　（b）其司法机关有权责令将侵权货物生产或制造中使用的材料和工具无不当延迟且不作任何补偿地销毁或清除出商业渠道，以此方式将尽可能降低进一步侵权的风险；以及

(c)　　in regard to counterfeit trademark goods, the simple removal of the trademark unlawfully affixed is not sufficient, other than in exceptional circumstances, to permit the release of goods into the channels of commerce.

　　（c）对于假冒商标的货物，除非例外情况，仅简单移除非法加贴的商标不足以允许将商品放行进入商业渠道。

13. 　Without prejudice to its law governing privilege, the protection of confidentiality of information sources or the processing of personal data, each Party shall provide that, in civil judicial proceedings concerning the enforcement of an intellectual property right, its judicial authorities have the authority, on a justified request of the right holder, to order the infringer or, in the alternative, the alleged infringer to provide to the right holder or to the judicial authorities, at least for the purpose of collecting evidence, relevant information as provided for in its applicable laws and regulations that the infringer or alleged infringer possesses or controls.　The information may include information regarding any person involved in any aspect of the infringement or alleged infringement and the means of production or the channels of distribution of the infringing or allegedly infringing goods or services, including the identification of third persons alleged to be involved in the production and distribution of the goods or services and of their channels of distribution.

　　13．在不损害其有关特权、保护信息来源机密性和个人数据的处理的法律的前提下，每一缔约方应规定，在涉及知识产权实施的民事司法程序中，其司法机关有权，根据权利人的正当请求，责令侵权人或涉嫌侵权人向权利人或司法机关提供，至少为收集证据的目的，其适用法律法规规定的由侵权人或涉嫌侵权人持有或控制的相关信息。此信息可包括与侵权行为或涉嫌侵权行为任何方面有关的任何人的信息；以及与侵权或涉嫌侵权货物或服务的生产方式或分销渠道有关的信息，包括指明涉嫌参与此类货物或服务的生产和分销的第三人以及其分销渠道。

14. 　Each Party shall provide that in relation to a civil judicial proceeding concerning the enforcement of an intellectual property right, its judicial or other authorities have the authority to impose sanctions on a party, counsel, experts or other persons subject to the court’s jurisdiction for violation of judicial orders concerning the protection of confidential information produced or exchanged in that proceeding.

　　14．每一缔约方应规定，在涉及知识产权实施的民事司法程序中，对违反关于保护诉讼中产生或交换的机密信息的司法命令的当事方、律师、专家或其他受法院管辖的人，其司法机关或者其他机关有权对其实施制裁。

15. 　Each Party shall ensure that its judicial authorities have the authority to order a party at whose request measures were taken and that has abused enforcement procedures with regard to intellectual property rights, including trademarks, geographical indications, patents, copyright and related rights and industrial designs, to provide to a party wrongfully enjoined or restrained adequate compensation for the injury suffered because of that abuse.　The judicial authorities shall also have the authority to order the applicant to pay the defendant expenses, which may include appropriate attorney’s fees.

　　15．每一缔约方应保证，如应一当事方的请求而采取措施且该当事方滥用包括商标权、地理标志、专利权、版权和相关权利、工业设计在内的知识产权执法程序，则司法机关有权责令该当事方向受到错误禁止或限制的当事方就因该滥用而受到的损害提供充分的赔偿。司法机关还应有权责令该申请人向被告支付费用，其中可包括适当的律师费。

16. 　To the extent that any civil remedy can be ordered as a result of administrative procedures on the merits of a case, each Party shall provide that those procedures conform to principles equivalent in substance to those set out in this Article.

　　16．在任何民事救济均可作为针对案件实质问题的行政程序的结果，每一缔约方应规定此类程序符合与本条规定的原则实质相当的原则。

17. 　In civil judicial proceedings concerning the acts described in Article 18.68 (TPMs) and Article 18.69 (RMI):

　　17．在涉及第18.68条（技术保护措施）和第18.69条（权利管理信息）所述行为的民事司法程序中：

(a)　　each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities have the authority at least to:¹¹⁴

　　（a）每一缔约方应规定其司法机关至少有权：¹¹⁴

¹¹⁴For greater certainty, a Party may, but is not required to, put in place separate remedies in respect of Article 18.68 (TPMs) and Article 18.69 (RMI), if those remedies are available under its copyright law.

¹¹⁴为进一步明确，如其版权法中已经有哪些救济措施，一缔约方可但不是必须设立与第18.68条（技术保护措施）和第18.69条（权利管理信息）相关的单独的救济措施。

(i)　impose provisional measures, including seizure or other taking into custody of devices and products suspected of being involved in the prohibited activity;

　　（i）实施临时措施，包括扣押或以其他方式扣押涉嫌在禁止的活动中涉及的设备和产品；

(ii)　 order the type of damages available for copyright infringement, as provided under its law in accordance with this Article;¹¹⁵

　　（ii）按依照本条在其法律中的规定，责令适用于版权侵权的赔偿金类型；¹¹⁵

¹¹⁵If a Party’s copyright law provides for both pre-established damages and additional damages, that Party may comply with the requirements of this subparagraph by providing for only one of these forms of damages.

¹¹⁵如一缔约方的版权法同时规定了法定赔偿和额外赔偿，该缔约方可通过提供其中一种形式的赔偿以遵守本项的要求。

(iii)　order court costs, fees or expenses as provided for under paragraph 10; and

　　（iii）责令支付第10款规定的诉讼费用；以及

(iv)　order the destruction of devices and products found to be involved in the prohibited activity; and

　　（iv）责令销毁在禁止的活动中涉及的设备和产品；以及

(b)　　a Party may provide that damages shall not be available against a non-profit library, archive, educational institution, museum or public non-commercial broadcasting entity, if it sustains the burden of proving that it was not aware or had no reason to believe that its acts constituted a prohibited activity.

　　（b）一缔约方可规定，如非盈利的图书馆、档案馆、教育机构、博物馆或非商业性公共广播实体承担举证责任证明其未意识到或无理由相信其行为构成禁止的活动，则不得对其要求损害赔偿。

Article 18.75: Provisional Measures

第18.75条　临时措施

1.　　Each Party’s authorities shall act on a request for relief in respect of an intellectual property right inaudita altera parte expeditiously in accordance with that Party’s judicial rules.

　　1．每一缔约方的机关应依照其司法规则，就涉及知识产权的救济请求不作预先通知而快速作出处理。

2.　　Each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to require the applicant for a provisional measure in respect of an intellectual property right to provide any reasonably available evidence in order to satisfy the judicial authority, with a sufficient degree of certainty, that the applicant’s right is being infringed or that the infringement is imminent, and to order the applicant to provide security or equivalent assurance set at a level sufficient to protect the defendant and to prevent abuse.　Such security or equivalent assurance shall not unreasonably deter recourse to those procedures.

　　2．每一缔约方应当规定，其司法机关有权要求就一知识产权申请临时措施的申请人提供任何可合理取得的证据，以使司法机关充分确信该申请人的权利正被侵犯或此种侵权已迫近，并有权责令申请人提供足以保护被告和防止滥用的保证金或相当的担保。此保证金或相当的担保不得不合理地妨碍此类程序。

3.　　In civil judicial proceedings concerning copyright or related rights infringement and trademark counterfeiting, each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to order the seizure or other taking into custody of suspected infringing goods, materials and implements relevant to the infringement, and, at least for trademark counterfeiting, documentary evidence relevant to the infringement.

　　3．在涉及版权或相关权利侵权和假冒商标的民事司法程序中，每一缔约方应规定，其司法机关有权责令扣押或以其他方式扣押涉嫌侵权货物、与侵权有关的材料和工具，并且至少就商标而言，还包括书面证据。

Article 18.76: Special Requirements related to Border Measures

第18.76条　与边境措施有关的特殊要求

1.　　Each Party shall provide for applications to suspend the release of, or to detain, any suspected counterfeit or confusingly similar trademark or pirated copyright goods that are imported into the territory of the Party.¹¹⁶

　　1．每一缔约方应规定申请中止放行或扣留任何进口到该缔约方领土内的涉嫌假冒、混淆性相似商标或盗版的货物。¹¹⁶

¹¹⁶For the purposes of this Article:

¹¹⁶就本条而言：

(a)　counterfeit trademark goods means any goods, including packaging, bearing without authorisation a trademark that is identical to the trademark validly registered in respect of such goods, or that cannot be distinguished in its essential aspects from such a trademark, and that thereby infringes the rights of the owner of the trademark in question under the law of the Party providing the procedures under this Section; and

　　（a）假冒商标货物指任何货物，包括包装，其未经授权使用了与有效注册于此类货物的商标相同的商标或不能与此类商标在本质上加以区别，并以此侵犯上述商标的权利人在规定了本节程序的缔约方法律下的权利；以及

(b)　pirated copyright goods means any goods that are copies made without the consent of the right holder or person duly authorised by the right holder in the country of production and that are made directly or indirectly from an article where the making of that copy would have constituted an infringement of a copyright or a related right under the law of the Party providing the procedures under this Section.

　　（b）盗版货物指任何货物，未经权利人或生产国已取得权利人适当授权的人同意而生产的复制件，且由一物品直接或间接生产而来。在此，该复制件的生产将构成对规定了本节程序的缔约方法律下的版权或相关权利的侵犯。

2.　　Each Party shall provide that any right holder initiating procedures for its competent authorities¹¹⁷ to suspend release of suspected counterfeit or confusingly similar trademark or pirated copyright goods into free circulation is required to provide adequate evidence to satisfy the competent authorities that, under the law of the Party providing the procedures, there is prima facie an infringement of the right holder's intellectual property right and to supply sufficient information that may reasonably be expected to be within the right holder’s knowledge to make the suspect goods reasonably recognisable by its competent authorities.　The requirement to provide that information shall not unreasonably deter recourse to these procedures.

　　2．每一缔约方应规定，任何启动程序要求主管机关¹¹⁷中止放行涉嫌假冒、混淆性相似商标或盗版的货物进入自由流通的权利人须提供充分的证据，使主管机关确信，根据提供该程序的缔约方的法律，存在初步证明的对权利持有人知识产权的侵权；并提供可被合理期待属于权利持有人知情范围的充分信息，使主管机关能合理地辨别此涉嫌货物。提供此信息的要求不得不合理地妨碍此类程序。

¹¹⁷For the purposes of this Article, unless otherwise specified, competent authorities may include the appropriate judicial, administrative or law enforcement authorities under a Party’s law.

¹¹⁷就本条而言，除特别规定外，主管机关可包括缔约方法律下适当的司法、行政或执法机关。

3.　　Each Party shall provide that its competent authorities have the authority to require a right holder initiating procedures to suspend the release of suspected counterfeit or confusingly similar trademark or pirated copyright goods, to provide a reasonable security or equivalent assurance sufficient to protect the defendant and the competent authorities and to prevent abuse.　Each Party shall provide that such security or equivalent assurance does not unreasonably deter recourse to these procedures.　A Party may provide that the security may be in the form of a bond conditioned to hold the defendant harmless from any loss or damage resulting from any suspension of the release of goods in the event the competent authorities determine that the article is not an infringing good.

　　3．每一缔约方应规定，其主管机关有权要求启动程序中止放行涉嫌假冒、混淆性相似商标或盗版的货物的权利人提供合理的保证金或同等的担保以充分保护被告和主管机关并防止滥用。每一缔约方应规定，此类保证金或同等的担保不得不合理地阻止此类程序。每一缔约方可规定，该保证金可债券形式提供，以便在主管机关认定该物品非侵权货物时可使被告免于因中止放行货物而造成的任何损失或损害。

4.　　Without prejudice to a Party’s law pertaining to privacy or the confidentiality of information:

　　4．在不影响一缔约方有关隐私和信息保密的法律的情况下：

(a)　　if a Party’s competent authorities have detained or suspended the release of goods that are suspected of being counterfeit trademark or pirated copyright goods, that Party may provide that its competent authorities have the authority to inform the right holder without undue delay of the names and addresses of the consignor, exporter, consignee or importer; a description of the goods; the quantity of the goods; and, if known, the country of origin of the goods;¹¹⁸ or

　　（a）如一缔约方的主管机关已经扣押或中止放行涉嫌假冒商标或盗版的货物，该缔约方可规定，其主管机关有权将发货人、出口商、收货人或进口商的姓名及地址、货物的描述、货物数量以及货物的原产国（如已知）无不当延迟地通知权利人；¹¹⁸或

¹¹⁸For greater certainty, a Party may establish reasonable procedures to receive or access that information.

¹¹⁸为进一步明确，缔约方可建立合理的程序以接收或访问此类信息。

(b)　　if a Party does not provide its competent authority with the authority referred to in subparagraph (a) when suspect goods are detained or suspended from release, it shall provide, at least in cases of imported goods, its competent authorities with the authority to provide the information specified in subparagraph (a) to the right holder normally within 30 working days of the seizure or determination that the goods are counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright goods.

　　（b）如一缔约方未规定其主管机关在扣押或中止放行涉嫌货物时有（a）项所述的权限，则缔约方应规定，至少在进口货物的情况下，其主管机关有权通常在扣押或认定货物是假冒商标或盗版货物之日起30个工作日内向权利人提供（a）项规定的信息。

5.　　Each Party shall provide that its competent authorities may initiate border measures ex officio¹¹⁹ with respect to goods under customs control¹²⁰ that are:

　　5．每一缔约方应规定，其主管机关可依职权¹¹⁹对于在海关控制¹²⁰下的货物启动边境措施，此类货物为：

¹¹⁹For greater certainty, that ex officio action does not require a formal complaint from a third party or right holder.

¹¹⁹为进一步明确，“依职权”行为不要求收到来第三方或权利人的正式控诉。

¹²⁰For the purposes of this Article, a Party may treat “goods under customs control” as meaning goods that are subject to a Party’s customs procedures.

¹²⁰就本条而言，缔约方可将“海关控制下的货物”理解为受一缔约方海关程序约束的货物。

(a)　　imported;

　　（a）进口；

(b)　　destined for export;¹²¹ or

　　（b）专供出口；¹²¹或

¹²¹For the purposes of this Article, a Party may treat goods “destined for export” as meaning exported.

¹²¹就本条而言，缔约可将“专供出口的”货物理解为为出口的。

(c)　　in transit,^122,123

　　（c）过境，^122,123

¹²²This subparagraph applies to suspect goods that are in transit from one customs office to another customs office in the Party’s territory from which the goods will be exported.

¹²²此项适用于正在从缔约方领土内一海关转运至另一个海关并将从后一海关出口的涉嫌货物。

¹²³As an alternative to this subparagraph, a Party shall instead endeavour to provide, if appropriate and with a view to eliminating international trade in counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright goods, available information to another Party in respect of goods that it has examined without a local consignee and that are transhipped through its territory and destined for the territory of the other Party, to inform that other Party’s efforts to identify suspect goods upon arrival in its territory.

¹²³作为本项的替代，缔约方应，如适当并为消灭假冒商标货物或盗版货物的国际贸易目的，努力向另一缔约方提供其已检查过的未附当地收货人并通过其领土转运且以该另一缔约方领土为目的地的货物的可获得信息，帮助该另一缔约方在货物抵达其领土时辨认涉嫌货物。

and that are suspected of being counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright goods.

且被怀疑是假冒商标的货物或盗版货物。

6.　　Each Party shall adopt or maintain a procedure by which its competent authorities may determine within a reasonable period of time after the initiation of the procedures described in paragraph 1, paragraph 5(a), paragraph 5(b) and, if applicable, paragraph 5(c), whether the suspect goods infringe an intellectual property right.¹²⁴ If a Party provides administrative procedures for the determination of an infringement, it may also provide its authorities with the authority to impose administrative penalties or sanctions, which may include fines or the seizure of the infringing goods following a determination that the goods are infringing.

　　6．每一缔约方应采取或维持一程序，通过此程序其主管部门可在启动第1款、第5款（a）项、第5款（b）项和第5款（c）项（如适用）所述程序后的合理期限内认定涉嫌货物是否侵犯知识产权。¹²⁴如一缔约方规定了认定侵权的行政程序，则其也可规定授权主管机关在认定货物侵权后实施行政处罚或制裁，包括罚款或扣押被认定为侵权的货物。

¹²⁴A Party may comply with the obligation in this Article with respect to a determination that suspect goods under paragraph 5 infringe an intellectual property right through a determination that the suspect goods bear a false trade description.

¹²⁴一缔约方可通过认定涉嫌货物具有虚假商品说明以遵守本条中关于认定第5款下的涉嫌货物侵犯知识产权的义务。

7.　　Each Party shall provide that its competent authorities have the authority to order the destruction of goods following a determination that the goods are infringing.　In cases in which the goods are not destroyed, each Party shall ensure that, except in exceptional circumstances, the goods are disposed of outside the channels of commerce in such a manner as to avoid any harm to the right holder. In regard to counterfeit trademark goods, the simple removal of the trademark unlawfully affixed shall not be sufficient, other than in exceptional cases, to permit the release of the goods into the channels of commerce.

　　7．每一缔约方应规定，其主管机关有权在认定货物侵权后责令销毁该货物。在该货物未被销毁的情况下，每一缔约方应保证，除例外情况，该货物被清除出商业渠道，以避免对权利人造成任何损害。对于假冒商标货物，除例外情况，仅简单移除非法加贴的商标并不足以允许将该货物放行进入商业渠道。

8.　　If a Party establishes or assesses, in connection with the procedures described in this Article, an application fee, storage fee or destruction fee, that fee shall not be set at an amount that unreasonably deters recourse to these procedures.

　　8．如一缔约方建立或确定与本条所述的程序有关的申请费、储存费或销毁费，此类费用设定的数额不得不合理地妨碍此类程序。

9.　　This Article also shall apply to goods of a commercial nature sent in small consignments.　A Party may exclude from the application of this Article small quantities of goods of a non-commercial nature contained in travellers’ personal luggage.¹²⁵

　　9．本条也应适用于小件托运的商业性货物。一缔约方可将旅客个人行李中携带的少量非商业性货物排除在本条规定的适用范围之外。¹²⁵

¹²⁵For greater certainty, a Party may also exclude from the application of this Article small quantities of goods of a non-commercial nature sent in small consignments.

¹²⁵为进一步明确，缔约方也可将小件托运的少量非商业性货物排除在本条的适用范围之外。

Article 18.77: Criminal Procedures and Penalties

第18.77条　刑事程序和刑罚

1.　　Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied at least in cases of wilful trademark counterfeiting or copyright or related rights piracy on a commercial scale.　In respect of wilful copyright or related rights piracy, “on a commercial scale” includes at least:

　　1．每一缔约方应规定至少对具有商业规模的故意假冒商标或侵犯版权或相关权利适用刑事程序及刑罚。关于故意侵犯版权或相关权利，“具有商业规模”至少包括：

(a)　　acts carried out for commercial advantage or financial gain; and

　　（a）出于商业利益或财务收益的目的而实施的行为；以及

(b)　　significant acts, not carried out for commercial advantage or financial gain, that have a substantial prejudicial impact on the interests of the copyright or related rights holder in relation to the marketplace.^126,127

　　（b）并非出于商业利益或财务收益的目的但对版权或相关权利持有人在市场利益造成实质损害影响的重大行为。^126,127

¹²⁶The Parties understand that a Party may comply with subparagraph (b) by addressing such significant acts under its criminal procedures and penalties for non-authorised uses of protected works, performances and phonograms in its law.

¹²⁶缔约方理解，一缔约方可通过在其对未经授权使用受保护作品、表演和录音制品的刑事程序和刑罚中规范此类重大行为以遵守（b）项。

¹²⁷A Party may provide that the volume and value of any infringing items may be taken into account in determining whether the act has a substantial prejudicial impact on the interests of the copyright or related rights holder in relation to the marketplace.

¹²⁷一缔约方可规定，在认定该行为是否对版权或相关权利权利人的市场利益具有实质损害影响时，侵权物品的数量和价值可纳入考虑范围。

2.　　Each Party shall treat wilful importation or exportation of counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright goods on a commercial scale as unlawful activities subject to criminal penalties.¹²⁸

　　2．每一缔约方应将具有商业规模的故意进口或出口假冒商标货物或盗版货物视为应受刑事处罚的违法行为。¹²⁸

¹²⁸The Parties understand that a Party may comply with its obligation under this paragraph by providing that distribution or sale of counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright goods on a commercial scale is an unlawful activity subject to criminal penalties.　Furthermore, criminal procedures and penalties as specified in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 are applicable in any free trade zones in a Party.

¹²⁸缔约方理解，一缔约方可通过将具有商业规模的分销或销售假冒商标货物或盗版货物规定为应受刑事处罚的违法行为以遵守本款下的义务。而且，第1款、第2款及第3款中规定的刑事程序和刑罚适用于一缔约方内的任何自由贸易区。

3.　　Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied in cases of wilful importation¹²⁹ and domestic use, in the course of trade and on a commercial scale, of a label or packaging:¹³⁰

　　3．每一缔约方应规定刑事程序和刑罚适用于贸易过程中具有商业规模的故意进口¹²⁹和在国内使用下列标签或包装的情况：¹³⁰

¹²⁹A Party may comply with its obligation relating to importation of labels or packaging through its measures concerning distribution.

¹²⁹一缔约方可通过其有关分销的措施以遵守其有关标签或包装进口的义务。

¹³⁰A Party may comply with its obligations under this paragraph by providing for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied to attempts to commit a trademark offence.

¹³⁰一缔约方可通过规定刑事程序和刑罚适用于意图从事商标违法行为以遵守本款下的义务。

(a)　　to which a trademark has been applied without authorisation that is identical to, or cannot be distinguished from, a trademark registered in its territory; and

　　（a）在标签或包装上未经授权使用与已在其领域内注册的商标相同或不能区分开来的商标；以及

(b)　　that is intended to be used in the course of trade on goods or in relation to services that are identical to goods or services for which that trademark is registered.

　　（b）意图在贸易过程中将该标签或包装用于与商标注册的货物或服务相同的货物或服务上。

4.　　Recognising the need to address the unauthorised copying¹³¹ of a cinematographic work from a performance in a movie theatre that causes significant harm to a right holder in the market for that work, and recognising the need to deter such harm, each Party shall adopt or maintain measures, which shall at a minimum include, but need not be limited to, appropriate criminal procedures and penalties.

　　4．认识到处理从电影院的放映中未经授权复制¹³¹电影作品而在该作品的市场中对权利持有人造成重大损害这一问题的必要性，且认识到需要阻止此种损害， 每一缔约方应采取或维持措施，最少应包括但不限于适当的刑事程序和刑罚。

¹³¹For the purposes of this Article, a Party may treat the term “copying” as synonymous with reproduction.

¹³¹就本条而言，一缔约方应将“复制（copy）”视为“复制（reproduce）”的同义词。

5.　　With respect to the offences for which this Article requires a Party to provide for criminal procedures and penalties, each Party shall ensure that criminal liability for aiding and abetting is available under its law.

　　5．关于本条要求一缔约方规定刑事程序和刑罚的违法行为，每一缔约方均应保证帮助或教唆行为的刑事责任在其国内法中适用。

6.　　With respect to the offences described in paragraphs 1 through 5, each Party shall provide the following:

　　6．关于第1款至第5款所述的违法行为，每一缔约方应规定下列内容：

(a)　　Penalties that include sentences of imprisonment as well as monetary fines sufficiently high to provide a deterrent to future acts of infringement, consistent with the level of penalties applied for crimes of a corresponding gravity.¹³²

　　（a）刑事处罚包括有期徒刑和足够高的罚金以对未来的侵权行为造成威慑，并与适用同等严重犯罪的刑罚水平相一致。¹³²

¹³²The Parties understand that there is no obligation for a Party to provide for the possibility of imprisonment and monetary fines to be imposed in parallel.

¹³²缔约方理解，一缔约方无义务规定并行实施有限徒刑和罚金的可能性。

(b)　　Its judicial authorities have the authority, in determining penalties, to account for the seriousness of the circumstances, which may include circumstances that involve threats to, or effects on, health or safety.¹³³

　　（b） 其司法机关在决定刑罚时，应有权考虑情节的严重程度，包括对健康或安全造成的威胁或影响的情节。¹³³

¹³³A Party may also account for such circumstances through a separate criminal offence.

¹³³一缔约方也可通过单独的犯罪以考虑此类情节。

(c)　　Its judicial or other competent authorities have the authority to order the seizure of suspected counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright goods, any related materials and implements used in the commission of the alleged offence, documentary evidence relevant to the alleged offence and assets derived from, or obtained through the alleged infringing activity. If a Party requires identification of items subject to seizure as a prerequisite for issuing a judicial order referred to in this subparagraph, that Party shall not require the items to be described in greater detail than necessary to identify them for the purpose of seizure.

　　（c）其司法机关或其他主管机关应有权责令扣押涉嫌假冒商标货物或涉嫌盗版货物、用于实施指控的违法行为的任何相关材料和工具、与指控的违法行为相关的书面证据以及来源于或通过涉嫌侵权行为所获得的财产。如一缔约方要求将指认应被扣押的物项作为发布本项所述司法命令的前提，则该缔约方不得要求对该物项描述的详细程度不应超过为扣押至目的而指认该物项的必要程度。

(d)　　Its judicial authorities have the authority to order the forfeiture, at least for serious offences, of any assets derived from or obtained through the infringing activity.

　　（d）至少对于严重违法行为而言，其司法机关应有权责令没收任何来源于或通过侵权行为所获得的财产。

(e)　　Its judicial authorities have the authority to order the forfeiture or destruction of:

　　（e）其司法机关应有权责令没收或销毁：

(i)　all counterfeit trademark goods or pirated copyright goods;

　　（i）所有的假冒商标货物或盗版货物；

(ii)　materials and implements that have been predominantly used in the creation of pirated copyright goods or counterfeit trademark goods; and

　　（ii）主要用于制造盗版货物或假冒商标货物的材料和工具；以及

(iii)　any other labels or packaging to which a counterfeit trademark has been applied and that have been used in the commission of the offence.

　　（iii）使用假冒商标且用于实施犯罪的其他任何标签或包装。

In cases in which counterfeit trademark goods and pirated copyright goods are not destroyed, the judicial or other competent authorities shall ensure that, except in exceptional circumstances, those goods are disposed of outside the channels of commerce in such a manner as to avoid causing any harm to the right holder.　Each Party shall further provide that forfeiture or destruction under this subparagraph and subparagraph (c) shall occur without compensation of any kind to the defendant.

在假冒商标货物和盗版货物未被销毁的情况下，司法机关或其他主管机关应保证，除例外情况，该货物被移除出商业渠道，以避免对权利人造成任何损害。每一缔约方应进一步规定，根据本项和（c）项进行的没收或销毁无需对被告提供任何形式的补偿。

(f)　　Its judicial or other competent authorities have the authority to release or, in the alternative, provide access to, goods, material, implements, and other evidence held by the relevant authority to a right holder for civil¹³⁴ infringement proceedings.

　　（f）其司法机关或其他主管机关有权为民事¹³⁴侵权诉讼的需要向权利人释放或，作为替代，使其可获取相关机关持有的产品、材料、工具和其他证据。

¹³⁴A Party may also provide this authority in connection with administrative infringement proceedings.

¹³⁴一缔约方也可对行政侵权程序规定该权限。

(g)　　Its competent authorities may act upon their own initiative to initiate legal action without the need for a formal complaint by a third person or right holder.¹³⁵

　　（g）其主管机关可主动提起法律诉讼而无需第三方或权利人的正式控告。¹³⁵

¹³⁵With regard to copyright and related rights piracy provided for under paragraph 1, a Party may limit application of this subparagraph to the cases in which there is an impact on the right holder’s ability to exploit the work, performance or phonogram in the market.

¹³⁵关于第1款规定的版权或相关权利侵权，一缔约方可将本款的适用现定于对权利人在市场中使用其作品、表演或录音制品的能力有所影响的情况。

Article 18.78: Trade Secrets¹³⁶

第18.78条：商业秘密¹³⁶

¹³⁶For greater certainty, this Article is without prejudice to a Party’s measures protecting good faith lawful disclosures to provide evidence of a violation of that Party’s law.

¹³⁶为进一步明确，本条不妨碍一缔约方对违反该缔约方法律提供证据而作的善意合法披露所采取的保护措施。

1.　　In the course of ensuring effective protection against unfair competition as provided in Article 10bis of the Paris Convention, each Party shall ensure that persons have the legal means to prevent trade secrets lawfully in their control from being disclosed to, acquired by, or used by others (including state-owned enterprises) without their consent in a manner contrary to honest commercial practices.¹³⁷　As used in this Chapter, trade secrets encompass, at a minimum, undisclosed information as provided for in Article 39.2 of the TRIPS Agreement.

　　1．在保证有效防止《巴黎公约》第10条之二所规定的不正当竞争的过程中，每一缔约方应保证个人有法律手段来阻止其合法控制的商业秘密在未经其同意的情况下以违反诚信商业行为的方式¹³⁷向他人（包括国有企业）披露、被他人获取或使用。正如本章中所规定的，商业秘密至少包含《TRIPS协定》第39条第2款规定的未披露信息。

¹³⁷For the purposes of this paragraph “a manner contrary to honest commercial practices” means at least practices such as breach of contract, breach of confidence and inducement to breach, and includes the acquisition of undisclosed information by third parties that knew, or were grossly negligent in failing to know, that those practices were involved in the acquisition.

¹³⁷就本款而言，“违反诚信商业行为的方式”至少指违反合同、泄露机密或引诱违约等行为，包括知道或因重大过失不知道前述行为包含在获取之中的第三方对未披露信息的获取。

2.　　Subject to paragraph 3, each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties for one or more of the following:

　　2．在遵守第3款的前提下，每一缔约方应对下列一项或多项行为规定刑事程序和处罚：

(a)　　the unauthorised and wilful access to a trade secret held in a computer system;

　　（a）未经授权且故意获取计算机系统中的商业秘密；

(b)　　the unauthorised and wilful misappropriation¹³⁸ of a trade secret, including by means of a computer system; or

　　（b）未经授权且故意盗用¹³⁸商业秘密，包括通过计算机系统的方式盗取；或

¹³⁸A Party may deem the term “misappropriation” to be synonymous with “unlawful acquisition”.

¹³⁸一缔约方可将“盗用”一词视为“非法获取”的同义词。

(c)　　the fraudulent disclosure, or alternatively, the unauthorised and wilful disclosure, of a trade secret, including by means of a computer system.

　　（c）欺诈性地披露，或作为替代，未经授权且故意披露商业秘密，包括通过计算机系统的方式披露。

3.　　With respect to the relevant acts referred to in paragraph 2, a Party may, as appropriate, limit the availability of its criminal procedures, or limit the level of penalties available, to one or more of the following cases in which:

　　3．关于第2款所述的相关行为，一缔约方可在适当情况下将刑事程序的可用性或刑事处罚的水平限制适用于下列一项或多项：

(a)　　the acts are for the purposes of commercial advantage or financial gain;

　　（a）该行为的目的是商业利益或财务收益；

(b)　　the acts are related to a product or service in national or international commerce;

　　（b）该行为与国内或国际贸易中的产品或服务有关；

(c)　　the acts are intended to injure the owner of such trade secret;

　　（c）该行为的意图是对此类商业秘密的拥有者造成损害；

(d)　　the acts are directed by or for the benefit of or in association with a foreign economic entity; or

　　（d）该行为受外国经济实体指示或为其利益或与其有关；或

(e)　　the acts are detrimental to a Party’s economic interests, international relations, or national defence or national security.

　　（e）该行为有害于一缔约方的经济利益、国际关系或国防或国家安全。

Article 18.79: Protection of Encrypted Program-Carrying Satellite and Cable Signals

第18.79条　对载有加密节目的卫星和有线电视信号的保护

1.　　Each Party shall make it a criminal offence to:

　　1．每一缔约方应将下列行为定为犯罪行为：

(a)　　manufacture, assemble, modify,¹³⁹ import, export, sell, lease or otherwise distribute a tangible or intangible device or system knowing or having reason to know¹⁴⁰ that the device or system meets at least one of the following conditions:

　　（a）制造、组装、改装、¹³⁹进口、出口、销售、租赁或以其他方式分销有形或无形设备或系统，明知或有理由知道¹⁴⁰该设备或系统至少符合下列条件之一：

¹³⁹For greater certainty, a Party may treat “assemble” and “modify” as incorporated in “manufacture”.

¹³⁹为进一步明确，一缔约方可将“组装”和“改装”视为包含在“制造”之中。

¹⁴⁰For the purposes of this paragraph, a Party may provide that “having reason to know” may be demonstrated through reasonable evidence, taking into account the facts and circumstances surrounding the alleged illegal act, as part of the Party’s “knowledge” requirements.　A Party may treat “having reason to know” as meaning “wilful negligence”.

¹⁴⁰就本款而言，一缔约方可规定“有理由知道”可通过合理证据加以证明，同时考虑与涉嫌非法行为密切相关的事实和情况，作为缔约方关于“知道”的要求的一部分。一缔约方可将“有理由知道”视为“蓄意疏忽”。

(i)　it is intended to be used to assist;

　　（i）被有意用于协助，

(ii)　it is primarily of assistance; or

　　（ii）主要为协助，或

(iii)　its principal function is solely to assist, in

　　（iii）其主要功能仅为协助，

in decoding an encrypted program-carrying satellite signal without the authorisation of the lawful distributor¹⁴¹ of such signal;¹⁴² and

解码载有加密节目的卫星信号而未经该信号的合法分配者¹⁴¹授权；¹⁴²以及

¹⁴¹With regard to the criminal offences and penalties in paragraph 1 and paragraph 3, a Party may require a demonstration of intent to avoid payment to the lawful distributor, or a demonstration of intent to otherwise secure a pecuniary benefit to which the recipient is not entitled.

¹⁴¹关于第1和第3款中的刑事程序和处罚，一缔约方可要求证明存在避免向合法分配者付费的意图或证明存在通过其他方式获得接收者无资格获得的金钱利益的意图。

¹⁴²The obligation regarding export may be met by making it a criminal offence to possess and distribute a device or system described in this paragraph.　For the purposes of this Article, a Party may provide that a “lawful distributor” means a person that has the lawful right in that Party’s territory to distribute the encrypted program-carrying signal and authorise its decoding.

¹⁴²关于出口的义务可通过将拥有和分销本款中所述的一设备或系统规定为刑事犯罪加以履行。就本条而言，一缔约方可规定“合法分配者”指在该缔约方领土内分配载有加密节目的信号和授权解码的合法权利的人。

(b)　　with respect to an encrypted program-carrying satellite signal, wilfully:

　　（b）对于载有加密节目的卫星信号的，蓄意用于：

(i)　receive¹⁴³ such a signal; or

　　（i）接收¹⁴³该信号；或

¹⁴³For greater certainty and for the purposes of paragraph 1(b) and paragraph 3(b), a Party may provide that wilful receipt of an encrypted program-carrying satellite or cable signal means receipt and use of the signal, or means receipt and decoding of the signal.

¹⁴³为进一步明确并就第1款（b）项和第3款（b）项而言，一缔约方可规定，蓄意接收载有加密节目的卫星或有线信号指接收和使用该信号，或指接收和解码该信号。

(ii)　further distribute¹⁴⁴ such signal,

　　（ii）进一步分配¹⁴⁴该信号，

¹⁴⁴For greater certainty, a Party may interpret “further distribute” as “retransmit to the public”.

¹⁴⁴为进一步明确，一缔约方可将“进一步分配”解释为“向公众转播”。

knowing that it has been decoded without the authorisation of the lawful distributor of the signal.

明知该信号的解码未经该信号的合法分销者授权。

2.　　Each Party shall provide for civil remedies for a person that holds an interest in an encrypted program-carrying satellite signal or its content and that is injured by an activity described in paragraph 1.

　　2．每一缔约方应对载有加密节目的卫星信号或其内容拥有利益且因第1款中所述一活动而受到损害的人提供民事救济。

3.　　Each Party shall provide for criminal penalties or civil remedies¹⁴⁵ for wilfully:

　　3．每一缔约方应对下列蓄意行为规定刑事处罚或民事救济¹⁴⁵：

¹⁴⁵If a Party provides for civil remedies, it may require a demonstration of injury.

¹⁴⁵如一缔约方规定民事救济，则其可要求证明损害。

(a)　　manufacturing or distributing equipment knowing that the equipment is intended to be used in the unauthorised reception of any encrypted program-carrying cable signal; and

　　（a）制造或分销设备，明知该设备意在用于未经授权接收任何载有加密节目的有线信号；以及

(b)　　receiving, or assisting another to receive,¹⁴⁶ an encrypted programcarrying cable signal without authorisation of the lawful distributor of the signal.

　　（b）接收或协助另一人接收¹⁴⁶未经信号合法分配者授权的载有加密节目的有线信号。

¹⁴⁶A Party may comply with its obligation in respect of “assisting another to receive” by providing for criminal penalties to be available against a person wilfully publishing any information in order to enable or assist another person to receive a signal without authorisation of the lawful distributor of the signal.

¹⁴⁶一缔约方可通过针对蓄意公开任何信息使另一人能够接收或协助另一人接收未经信号合法分配者授权的信号的人规定刑事处罚以遵守其有关“协助另一人接收”的义务。

Article 18.80: Government Use of Software

第18.80条　政府使用软件

1.　　Each Party recognises the importance of promoting the adoption of measures to enhance government awareness of respect for intellectual property rights and of the detrimental effects of the infringement of intellectual property rights.

　　1．每一缔约方认识到推动采取措施以提高政府尊重知识产权的意识和提高对知识产权侵权行为危害性认识的重要性。

2.　　Each Party shall adopt or maintain appropriate laws, regulations, policies, orders, government-issued guidelines, or administrative or executive decrees that provide that its central government agencies use only non-infringing computer software protected by copyright and related rights, and, if applicable, only use that computer software in a manner authorised by the relevant licence.　These measures shall apply to the acquisition and management of the software for government use.¹⁴⁷

　　2．每一缔约方应采用或维持适当的法律、法规、政策、命令、政府发布的指南或行政法令，其中规定其中央政府机构只使用受版权和相关权保护的未侵权计算机软件，且如适用，只以经相关许可授权的方式使用计算机软件。这些措施应适用于供政府使用目的的软件采购和管理。¹⁴⁷

¹⁴⁷For greater certainty, paragraph 2 should not be interpreted as encouraging regional government agencies to use infringing computer software or, if applicable, to use computer software in a manner which is not authorised by the relevant licence.

¹⁴⁷为进一步明确，第2款不应解释为鼓励地方政府机构使用侵权计算机软件，或如适用，鼓励以未经相关许可授权的方式使用计算机软件。

Section J:
Internet Service Providers¹⁴⁸

J节：互联网服务提供商¹⁴⁸

¹⁴⁸Annex 18-F applies to this Section.

¹⁴⁸附件18-F适用于本节。

Article 18.81: Definitions

第18.81条　定义

　　For the purposes of this Section:

　　就本节而言：

the term copyright includes related rights; and

版权一词包括相关权；以及

Internet Service Provider means:

互联网服务提供商指：

(a)　　a provider of online services for the transmission, routing, or providing of connections for digital online communications, between or among points specified by a user, of material of the user’s choosing, undertaking the function in Article 18.82.2(a) (Legal Remedies and Safe Harbours); or

　　（a）为在用户指定的两点或多点间对用户选择的材料进行传送、发送、或为数字在线通信提供连接，承担第18.82条（法律救济和安全港）第2款（a）项中功能的在线服务提供商；或

(b)　　a provider of online services undertaking the functions in Article 18.82.2(c) or Article 18.82.2(d) (Legal Remedies and Safe Harbours).

　　（b）承担第18.82.2条（c）项或第18.82.2条（d）项（法律救济和安全港）中功能的在线服务提供商。

For greater certainty, Internet Service Provider includes a provider of the services listed above that engages in caching carried out through an automated process.

为进一步明确，互联网服务提供商包括通过自动化过程从事高速缓存业务的以上所列服务的提供商。

Article 18.82: Legal Remedies and Safe Harbours¹⁴⁹

第18.82条　法律救济和安全港¹⁴⁹

¹⁴⁹Annex 18-E applies to Article 18.82.3 and Article 18.82.4 (Legal Remedies and Safe Harbours).

¹⁴⁹附件18-E适用于第18.82.3条和第18.82.4条（法律救济和安全港）。

1.　　The Parties recognise the importance of facilitating the continued development of legitimate online services operating as intermediaries and, in a manner consistent with Article 41 of the TRIPS Agreement, providing enforcement procedures that permit effective action by right holders against copyright infringement covered under this Chapter that occurs in the online environment.　Accordingly, each Party shall ensure that legal remedies are available for right holders to address such copyright infringement and shall establish or maintain appropriate safe harbours in respect of online services that are Internet Service Providers.　This framework of legal remedies and safe harbours shall include:

　　1．缔约方认识到促进作为中介开展运营的合法在线服务继续发展的重要性，并认识到以符合遵守《TRIPS 协定》第41条的方式，提供允许权利持有人对在线环境中发生的本章所涵盖的版权侵权采取有效行动的执行程序的重要性。因此，每一缔约方应保证权利持有人可获得法律救济以处理此类版权侵权，并应为属互联网服务提供商的在线服务建立或设立适当的安全港。这一法律救济和安全港的框架应包括：

(a)　　legal incentives¹⁵⁰ for Internet Service Providers to cooperate with copyright owners to deter the unauthorised storage and transmission of copyrighted materials or, in the alternative, to take other action to deter the unauthorised storage and transmission of copyrighted materials; and

　　（a）给予互联网服务提供商法律激励¹⁵⁰，促其与版权权利持有人合作以阻止未经授权存储或传送受版权保护的材料，或作为替代，采取其他行动以阻止未经授权存储或传送受版权保护的材料；以及

¹⁵⁰For greater certainty, the Parties understand that implementation of the obligations in paragraph 1(a) on “legal incentives” may take different forms.

¹⁵⁰为进一步明确，缔约方理解，对第1款（a）项中“法律激励”义务的履行可采取不同形式。

(b)　　limitations in its law that have the effect of precluding monetary relief against Internet Service Providers for copyright infringements that they do not control, initiate or direct, and that take place through systems or networks controlled or operated by them or on their behalf.¹⁵¹

　　（b）在其法律中规定可产生排除针对互联网服务提供商因版权侵权而采取金钱救济效果的限制，如此种侵权并非由互联网提供商所控制、发起或指示，而是通过其或代表其控制或运营的系统或网络发生。¹⁵¹

¹⁵¹The Parties understand that, to the extent that a Party determines, consistent with its international legal obligations, that a particular act does not constitute copyright infringement, there is no obligation to provide for a limitation in relation to that act.

¹⁵¹缔约方理解，在与其国际法律义务相一致的情况下，在一缔约方确定一特定行为不构成版权侵权的限度内，无义务对该行为规定限制。

2.　　The limitations described in paragraph 1(b) shall include limitations in respect of the following functions:

　　2．第1款（b）项中所述的限制应包括对下列功能的限制：

(a)　　transmitting, routing or providing connections for material without modification of its content¹⁵² or the intermediate and transient storage of that material done automatically in the course of such a technical process;

　　（a）在不对内容进行修改¹⁵²的情况下传送、发送材料或为材料提供连接，或在该技术过程中自动完成的对该材料的中间存储和瞬时存储；

¹⁵²The Parties understand that such modification does not include a modification made as part of a technical process or for solely technical reasons such as division into packets.

¹⁵²缔约方理解，此种修改不包括作为一技术过程一部分的修改或仅为技术原因的修改，例如分成数据包。

(b)　　caching carried out through an automated process;

　　（b）通过自动化过程实现高速缓存；

(c)　　storage¹⁵³, at the direction of a user, of material residing on a system or network controlled or operated by or for the Internet Service Provider;¹⁵⁴ and

　　（c）根据用户指示，存储¹⁵³驻留在由或为该互联网服务提供商控制或运营的系统或网络上的材料；¹⁵⁴以及

¹⁵³For greater certainty, a Party may interpret “storage” as “hosting”.

¹⁵³为进一步明确，一缔约方可将“存储”解释为“托管”。

¹⁵⁴For greater certainty, the storage of material may include e-mails and their attachments stored in the Internet Service Provider’s server and web pages residing on the Internet Service Provider’s server.

¹⁵⁴为进一步明确，材料的存储可包括存储于互联网服务提供商的服务器和驻留在互联网服务提供商的服务器上的网页中的电子邮件及其附件。

(d)　　referring or linking users to an online location by using information location tools, including hyperlinks and directories.

　　（d）通过使用信息定位工具，包括超链接和目录，将用户指引至或链接至一在线位置。

3.　　To facilitate effective action to address infringement, each Party shall prescribe in its law conditions for Internet Service Providers to qualify for the limitations described in paragraph 1(b), or, alternatively, shall provide for circumstances under which Internet Service Providers do not qualify for the limitations described in paragraph 1(b):^155,156

　　3．为便利处理侵权的有效行动，每一缔约方应在其法律中规定互联网服务提供商有资格使用第1款（b）项中所述限制的条件，或作为替代，应规定互联网服务提供商无资格使用第1款（b）项中所述限制的情况：^155,156

¹⁵⁵A Party may comply with the obligations in paragraph 3 by maintaining a framework in which:

¹⁵⁵一缔约方可通过设立下列框架以遵守第3款的义务：

(a)　there is a stakeholder organisation that includes representatives of both Internet Service Providers and right holders, established with government involvement;

　　（a）该框架中设有包括互联网服务提供商和权利持有人双方代表的利益相关组织，由政府参与建立；

(b)　that stakeholder organisation develops and maintains effective, efficient and timely procedures for entities certified by the stakeholder organisation to verify, without undue delay, the validity of each notice of alleged copyright infringement by confirming that the notice is not the result of mistake or misidentification, before forwarding the verified notice to the relevant Internet Service Provider;

　　（b）该利益相关者组织开发和维护有效、高效和及时的程序，供经该利益相关方组织认证的实体，针对关于涉嫌版权侵权的通知，在向相关互联网服务提供商转发之前，在无不当延迟的情况下，通过确认通知并非因错误或误判所引发，以核实每一份通知的有效性；

(c)　there are appropriate guidelines for Internet Service Providers to follow in order to qualify for the limitation described in paragraph 1(b), including requiring that the Internet Service Provider promptly removes or disables access to the identified materials upon receipt of a verified notice; and be exempted from liability for having done so in good faith in accordance with those guidelines; and

　　（c）该框架内提供适当指南，供互联网服务提供商遵循，以符合使用第1款（b）项中所述限制的资格，包括要求互联网服务提供商在收到经核实的通知后即迅速移除或禁止访问被确认的材料；并豁免其依照该指南善意完成上述行为的责任；以及

(d)　there are appropriate measures that provide for liability in cases in which an Internet Service Provider has actual knowledge of the infringement or awareness of facts or circumstances from which the infringement is apparent.

　　（d）该框架内提供适当措施，规定在互联网服务提供商在得知侵权的实际情况或意识到明显侵权的事实或情况下的责任。

¹⁵⁶The Parties understand that a Party that has yet to implement the obligations in paragraphs 3 and 4 will do so in a manner that is both effective and consistent with that Party’s existing constitutional provisions.　To that end, a Party may establish an appropriate role for the government that does not impair the timeliness of the process provided in paragraphs 3 and 4, and does not entail advance government review of each individual notice.

¹⁵⁶缔约方理解，尚未履行第3款和第4款中义务的一缔约方将以有效且与该缔约方现行宪法规定相一致的方式履行义务。为此目的，一缔约方可为政府确立一适当角色，既不损害第3款和第4款中所规定程序的及时性，也不要求对每一份通知进行政府预先审查。

(a)　　With respect to the functions referred to in paragraph 2(c) and paragraph 2(d), these conditions shall include a requirement for Internet Service Providers to expeditiously remove or disable access to material residing on their networks or systems upon obtaining actual knowledge of the copyright infringement or becoming aware of facts or circumstances from which the infringement is apparent, such as through receiving a notice¹⁵⁷ of alleged infringement from the right holder or a person authorised to act on its behalf,

　　（a）对于第2款（c）项和第2款（d）项中所指的功能，这些条件应包括要求互联网服务提供商在得知版权侵权的实际情况或意识到明显侵权的事实或情况下，例如收到权利持有人或经授权代表权利持有人的人发来的涉嫌侵权通知¹⁵⁷，应快速移除或禁止访问驻留在其网络或系统内的材料，

¹⁵⁷For greater certainty, a notice of alleged infringement, as may be set out under a Party’s law, must contain information that:

¹⁵⁷为进一步明确，涉嫌侵权的通知，可按一缔约方法律所规定，必须包含下述信息：

(a)　is reasonably sufficient to enable the Internet Service Provider to identify the work, performance or phonogram claimed to be infringed, the alleged infringing material, and the online location of the alleged infringement; and

　　（a）使互联网服务提供商能够识别声称被侵权的作品、表演或录音制品、涉嫌侵权的材料和涉嫌侵权的在线位置的合理充分信息；以及

(b)　has a sufficient indicia of reliability with respect to the authority of the person sending the notice.

　　（b）对发送通知的人的权限有充分可靠性标记的信息。

(b)　　An Internet Service Provider that removes or disables access to material in good faith under subparagraph (a) shall be exempt from any liability for having done so, provided that it takes reasonable steps in advance or promptly after to notify the person whose material is removed or disabled.¹⁵⁸

　　（b）根据（a）项善意移除或禁止访问材料的互联网服务提供商应被豁免由此产生的任何责任，只要其事先或事后迅速采取合理步骤通知其材料被移除或被禁止访问的人。¹⁵⁸

¹⁵⁸With respect to the function in subparagraph 2(b), a Party may limit the requirements of paragraph 3 related to an Internet Service Provider removing or disabling access to material to circumstances in which the Internet Service Provider becomes aware or receives notification that the cached material has been removed or access to it has been disabled at the originating site.

¹⁵⁸对于第2款（b）项中的职能，一缔约方可将第3款中与互联网服务提供商移除或禁止访问材料相关的要求限定于互联网服务提供商意识到或收到该缓存材料已被移除或无法访问原始网站的通知的情况。

4.　　If a system for counter-notices is provided under a Party’s law, and if material has been removed or access has been disabled in accordance with paragraph 3, that Party shall require that the Internet Service Provider restores the material subject to a counter-notice, unless the person giving the original notice seeks judicial relief within a reasonable period of time.

　　4．如一缔约方的法律中规定反向通知制度且如材料已依照第3款被移除或禁止访问，则该缔约方应要求该互联网服务提供商恢复反向通知所针对的材料，除非作出原通知的人在一合理期限内寻求司法救济。

5.　　Each Party shall ensure that monetary remedies are available in its legal system against any person that makes a knowing material misrepresentation in a notice or counter-notice that causes injury to any interested party¹⁵⁹ as a result of an Internet Service Provider relying on the misrepresentation.

　　5．每一缔约方应保证在其法律制度中可获得金钱救济，以针对在一通知或反向通知中作出故意重大虚假陈述导致互联网服务提供商因信赖该虚假陈述而对任何利害关系方¹⁵⁹造成损害的任何人。

¹⁵⁹For greater certainty, the Parties understand that, “any interested party” may be limited to those with a legal interest recognised under that Party’s law.

¹⁵⁹ 为进一步明确，缔约方理解，“任何利害关系方”可限定为根据该缔约方法律认定具有法律利益的当事方。

6.　　Eligibility for the limitations in paragraph 1 shall not be conditioned on the Internet Service Provider monitoring its service or affirmatively seeking facts indicating infringing activity.

　　6．使用第1款中限制的资格不得以互联网服务提供商监控其服务或以肯定方式寻找显示侵权活动的事实作为条件。

7.　　Each Party shall provide procedures, whether judicial or administrative, in accordance with that Party’s legal system, and consistent with principles of due process and privacy, that enable a copyright owner that has made a legally sufficient claim of copyright infringement to obtain expeditiously from an Internet Service Provider information in the provider’s possession identifying the alleged infringer, in cases in which that information is sought for the purpose of protecting or enforcing that copyright.

　　7．每一缔约方应依照其法律制度，并在符合正当程序和隐私原则的前提下，规定司法或行政程序，使已经提出法律上充分的版权侵权请求的版权所有人，在寻求信息的目的在于保护或执行该版权的情况下，自一互联网服务提供商处快速获得该提供商持有的识别涉嫌侵权者的信息。

8.　　The Parties understand that the failure of an Internet Service Provider to qualify for the limitations in paragraph 1(b) does not itself result in liability. Further, this Article is without prejudice to the availability of other limitations and exceptions to copyright, or any other defences under a Party’s legal system.

　　8．缔约方理解，一互联网服务提供商未获得第1款（b）项中限制的使用资格本身不产生责任。此外，本条不损害一缔约方法律制度下对版权规定的其他限制和例外或任何其他抗辩的可获性。

9.　　The Parties recognise the importance, in implementing their obligations under this Article, of taking into account the impacts on right holders and Internet Service Providers.

　　9．缔约方认识到在履行其在本条下的义务的过程中考虑对权利人和互联网服务提供商所产生的影响的重要性。

Section K:
Final Provisions

K节：最后条款

Article 18.83: Final Provisions

第18.83条　最后条款

1.　　Except as otherwise provided in Article 18.10 (Application of Chapter to Existing Subject Matter and Prior Acts) and paragraphs 2, 3 and 4, each Party shall give effect to the provisions of this Chapter on the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party.¹⁶⁰

　　1．除非在第18.10条（本章对现有客体和先前行为的适用）及第2款、第3款和第4款中另有规定，否则每一缔约方应在本协定对该缔约方生效之日实行本章规定。¹⁶⁰

¹⁶⁰Only the following Parties have determined that, in order to implement and comply with Article 18.51.1 (Biologics), they require changes to their law, and thus require transition periods: Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru and Viet Nam.

¹⁶⁰仅以下缔约方确定，为执行和遵守第18.51条（生物制剂）第1款，需要修改其法律，因而需要过渡期：文莱达鲁萨兰国、马来西亚、墨西哥、秘鲁和越南。

2.　　During the relevant periods set out below, a Party shall not amend an existing measure or adopt a new measure that is less consistent with its obligations under the Articles referred to below for that Party than relevant measures that are in effect on the date of signature of this Agreement.　This Section does not affect the rights and obligations of a Party under an international agreement to which it and another Party are party.

　　2．在以下所列相关期限内，一缔约方不得修正一现有措施或采取与其在以下所指针对该缔约方的各条款下的义务的相符程度低于在本协定签署之日实施的相关措施与相关义务的相符程度的一新措施。本节不影响一缔约方在其与另一缔约方同为参加方的国际协定项下的权利和义务。

3.　　With respect to works of any Party that avails itself of a transition period permitted to it with regard to implementation of Article 18.63 (Term of Protection for Copyright and Related Rights) as it relates to the term of copyright protection (transition Party), Japan and Mexico shall apply at least the term of protection available under the transition Party’s law for the relevant works during the transition period and apply Article 18.8.1 (National Treatment) with respect to copyright term only when that Party fully implements Article 18.63.

　　3．对于在与版权保护期限有关的第18.63条（版权和相关权的保护期限）的实施方面使用其被允许使用的一过渡期的任何缔约方的作品（过渡缔约方），日本和墨西哥应至少适用过渡期内相关作品在过渡缔约方的法律项下可获得的保护期限，并仅在该缔约方完全履行第18.63条后方对版权期限适用第18.8.1条（国民待遇）。

4.　　With regard to obligations subject to a transition period, a Party shall fully implement its obligations under the provisions of this Chapter no later than the expiration of the relevant time period specified below, which begins on the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party.

　　4．对于实行过渡期的义务，一缔约方应在不迟于以下所规定的相关时限届满时完全履行其在本章规定下的义务，该期限自本协定对该缔约方生效之日开始。

(a)　　In the case of Brunei Darussalam, with respect to:

　　（a）对于文莱达鲁萨兰国，对于：

(i)　Article 18.7.2(d) (International Agreements), UPOV 1991, three years;

　　（i）第 18.7.2 条（国际协定）（d）项，1991年UPOV 公约，3 年；

(ii)　Article 18.18 (Types of Signs Registrable as Trademarks), with respect to sound marks, three years;

　　（ii）第18.18条（可注册为商标的标记类型），对于声音商标，3年；

(iii)　Article 18.47 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data for Agricultural Chemical Products), 18 months;

　　（iii）第18.47条（对农用化学品未披露试验数据或其他数据的保护），18个月；

(iv)　Article 18.50 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data), four years;++

　　（iv）第18.50条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据），4年；++

(v)　Article 18.51 (Biologics), four years;++

　　（v）第18.51条（生物制剂），4年；++

(vi)　Article 18.53 (Measures Relating to the Marketing of Certain Pharmaceutical Products), two years; and

　　（vi）第18.53条（与部分药品销售相关的措施），2年；以及

(vii)　With respect to Section J (Internet Service Providers), three years.

　　（vii）J节（互联网服务提供商），3年。

++　　If there are unreasonable delays in Brunei Darussalam in the initiation of the filing of marketing approval applications for new pharmaceutical products after Brunei Darussalam implements its obligations under Article 18.50 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.51 (Biologics) in connection with subparagraphs (a)(iv) and (a)(v), Brunei Darussalam may consider adopting measures to incentivise the timely initiation of the filing of these applications with a view to the introduction of new pharmaceutical products in its market.　To that end, Brunei Darussalam shall notify the other Parties through the Commission and consult with them on such a proposed measure.　Such consultations shall begin within 30 days of a request from an interested Party, and shall provide adequate time and opportunity to resolve any concerns.　In addition, any such measure shall respect legitimate commercial considerations and take into account the need for incentives for the development of new pharmaceutical products and for the expeditious marketing approval in Brunei Darussalam of such products.

　　++　　如文莱达鲁萨兰国履行其在第18.50条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据）和第18.51条（生物制剂）下与（a）项（iv）目和（a）项（v）目相关的义务后，在启动提交新药上市许可申请方面存在不合理延迟，则文莱达鲁萨兰国可考虑采取措施以激励及时启动这些申请的提交，以期将新药引入其市场。为此目的，文莱达鲁萨兰国应通过自贸协定委员会通知其他缔约方，并与其就此种拟议措施进行磋商。此类磋商应在一利害相关的缔约方提出请求后30天内进行，并应提供充足时间和机会以解决任何关注。此外，任何此类措施应尊重合理商业考虑，并考虑激励新药开发的需要和在文莱达鲁萨兰国快速授予此类产品上市许可的需要。

(b)　　In the case of Malaysia, with respect to:

（b）对于马来西亚，对于：

(i)　Article 18.7.2(a) (International Agreements), Madrid Protocol, four years;

　　（i）第18.7.2条（国际协定）（a）项，《马德里议定书》，4年；

(ii)　Article 18.7.2(b) (International Agreements), Budapest Treaty, four years;

　　（ii）第18.7.2条（国际协定）（b）项，《布达佩斯条约》，4年；

(iii)　Article 18.7.2(c) (International Agreements), Singapore Treaty, four years;

　　（iii）第18.7.2条（国际协定）（c）项，《新加坡条约》，4年；

(iv)　Article 18.7.2(d) (International Agreements), UPOV 1991, four years;

　　（iv）第18.7.2条（国际协定）（d）项，1991年UPOV公约，4年；

(v)　Article 18.18 (Types of Signs Registrable as Trademarks), with respect to sound marks, three years;

　　（v）第18.18条（可注册为商标的标记类型），对于声音商标，3年；

(vi)　Article 18.48.2 (Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Curtailment), 4.5 years;

　　（vi）第18.48.2条（因不合理缩短而调整专利期），4.5年；

(vii)　Article 18.51 (Biologics), five years;

　　（vii）第18.51条（生物制剂），5年；

(viii)　Article 18.53 (Measures Relating to the Marketing of Certain Pharmaceutical Products), 4.5 years;

　　（viii）第18.53条（与部分药品销售相关的措施），4.5年；

(ix)　Article 18.63(a) (Term of Protection for Copyright and Related Rights), with respect to life-based works, two years;

　　（ix）第18.63条（版权和相关权的保护期限）（a）项，对于以生命为基础的作品，2年；

(x)　Article 18.76 (Special Requirements Related to BorderMeasures), with respect to applications to suspend the release of, or to detain, ‘confusingly similar’ trademark goods, four years;

　　（x）第18.76条（与边境措施相关的特殊要求），关于申请中止放行或扣留“混淆性相似”商标的货物，4年；

(xi)　Article 18.76.5(b) and (c) (Special Requirements Related to Border Measures), with respect to ex officio border enforcement for in transit and export, four years; and

　　（xi）第18.76.5条（与边境措施相关的特殊要求）（b）项和（c）项，关于对过境和出口依职权采取的边境执法，4年；以及

(xii)　Article 18.79.2 (Protection of Encrypted Program-Carrying Satellite and Cable Signals), four years.

　　（xii）第18.79.2条（对载有加密节目的卫星和有线信号的保护），4年。

(c)　　In the case of Mexico, with respect to:

　　（c）对于墨西哥，对于：

(i)　Article 18.7.2(d) (International Agreements), UPOV 1991, four years;

　　（i）第18.7.2条（d）项，1991年UPOV公约，4年；

(ii)　Article 18.47 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data for Agricultural Chemical Products), five years;

　　（ii）第18.47条（对农用化学品未披露试验数据或其他数据的保护），5年；

(iii)　Article 18.48.2 (Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Curtailment), 4.5 years;

　　（iii）第18.48.2条（因不合理缩短而调整专利期），4.5年；

(iv)　Article 18.50 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data), five years;++

　　（iv）第18.50条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据），5年；++

(v)　Article 18.51 (Biologics), five years;++ and

　　（v）第18.51条（生物制剂），5年；++以及

(vi)　Section J (Internet Service Providers), three years.

　　（vi）第J节（互联网服务提供商），3年。

++　　If there are unreasonable delays in Mexico in the initiation of the filing of marketing approval applications for new pharmaceutical products after implementing its obligations under Article 18.50 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.51 (Biologics) in connection with subparagraphs (c)(iv) and (c)(v), Mexico may consider adopting measures to incentivise the timely initiation of the filing of these applications with a view to the introduction of new pharmaceutical products in its market. To that end, Mexico shall notify the other Parties through the Commission and consult with them on such a proposed measure.　Such consultations shall begin within 30 days of a request from an interested Party, and shall provide adequate time and opportunity to resolve any concerns.　In addition, any such measure shall respect legitimate commercial considerations and take into account the need for incentives for the development of new pharmaceutical products and for the expeditious marketing approval in Mexico of such products.

　　++　　如墨西哥履行其在第18.50条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据）和第18.51条（生物制剂）下与（c）项（iv）目和（c）项（v）目相关的义务后，在启动提交新药上市许可申请方面存在不合理延迟，则墨西哥可考虑采取措施以激励及时启动这些申请的提交，以期将新药引入其市场。为此目的，墨西哥应通过自贸协定委员会通知其他缔约方，并与其就此种拟议措施进行磋商。此类磋商应在一利害相关的缔约方提出请求后30天内进行，并应提供充足时间和机会以解决任何关注。此外，任何此类措施应尊重合理商业考虑，并考虑激励新药开发的需要和在墨西哥快速授予此类产品上市许可的需要。

(d)　　In the case of New Zealand, with respect to Article 18.63 (Term of Protection for Copyright and Related Rights), eight years.　Except that from the date of entry into force of this Agreement for New Zealand, New Zealand shall provide that the term of protection for a work, performance or phonogram that would, during that eight years, have expired under the term that was provided in New Zealand law before the entry into force of this Agreement, instead expires 60 years from the relevant date in Article 18.63 that is the basis for calculating the term of protection under this Agreement. The Parties understand that, in applying Article 18.10 (Application of Chapter to Existing Subject Matter and Prior Acts), New Zealand shall not be required to restore or extend the term of protection to the works, performances and phonograms with a term provided pursuant to the previous sentence, once these works, performances and phonograms fall into the public domain in its territory.

　　（d）对于新西兰，对于第18.63条（版权和相关权的保护期限），8年。但是自本协定对新西兰生效之日起，新西兰应规定，对于根据在本协定生效前新西兰法律中所规定的期限，保护期限本应在上述8年期满的作品、表演或录音制品，其保护期限转而将自作为本协定项下保护期限计算基础的第18.63条中的相关日期起60年期满。缔约方理解，在适用第18.10条（本章对现存客体和先前行为的适用）时，一旦这些作品、表演和录音制品已属其领土内的公有领域，则不得要求新西兰恢复或延长根据前一句已规定期限的作品、表演和录音制品的保护期限。

(e)　　In the case of Peru, with respect to:

　　（e）对于秘鲁，对于：

(i)　Article 18.50.2 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data), five years; and

　　（i）第18.50.2条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据），5年；以及

(ii)　Article 18.51 (Biologics), 10 years.

　　（ii）第18.51条（生物制剂），10年。

(f)　　In the case of Viet Nam, with respect to:

　　（f）对于越南，对于：

(i)　Article 18.7.2(b) (International Agreements), Budapest Treaty, two years;

　　（i）第18.7.2条（国际协定）（b）项，《布达佩斯条约》，2年；

(ii)　Article 18.7.2(e) (International Agreements), WCT, three years;

　　（ii）第18.7.2条（国际协定）（e）项，WCT，3年；

(iii)　Article 18.7.2(f) (International Agreements), WPPT, three years;

　　（iii）第18.7.2条（国际协定）（f）项，WPPT，3年；

(iv)　Article 18.18 (Types of Signs Registrable as Trademarks), with respect to sound marks, three years;

　　（iv）第18.18条（可注册为商标的标记类型），对于声音商标，3年；

(v)　Article 18.46.3 and Article 18.46.4 (Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Granting Authority Delays), with respect to patents claiming pharmaceutical products, five years;^

　　（v）第18.46.条第3款和第18.46条（因授权机关不合理延迟而调整专利期）第4款，对于药品专利，5年；^

(vi)　Article 18.46.3 and Article 18.46.4 (Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Granting Authority Delays), with respect to patents claiming agricultural chemical products, five years;^

　　（vi）第18.46.条第3款和第18.46条（因授权机关不合理延迟而调整专利期）第4款，对于农用化学品专利，5年；^

(vii)　Article 18.46.3 and Article 18.46.4 (Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Granting Authority Delays), three years;

　　（vii）第18.46.条第3款和第18.46条（因授权机关不合理延迟而调整专利期）第4款，3年；

(viii)　Article 18.47 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data for Agricultural Chemical Products), five years;

　　（viii）第18.47条（农用化学品未披露试验数据或其他数据的保护），5年；

(ix)　Article 18.48.2 (Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Curtailment), five years;

　　（ix）第18.48.2条（因不合理缩短而调整专利期），5年；

(x)　Article 18.50 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data), 10 years;*/++

　　（x）第18.50条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据），10年;*/++

(xi)　Article 18.51 (Biologics), 10 years;*/++

　　（xi）第18.51条（生物制剂），10年;*/++

(xii)　Article 18.53 (Measures Relating to the Marketing of Certain Pharmaceutical Products), three years;

　　（xii）第18.53条（与部分药品销售相关的措施），3年；

(xiii)　Article 18.63(a) (Term of Protection for Copyright and Related Rights), with respect to life-based works, five years;

　　（xiii）第18.63条（版权和相关权的保护期限）（a）项，对于以生命为基础的作品，5年；

(xiv)　Article 18.68 (TPMs), three years;

　　（xiv）第18.68条（技术保护措施），3年；

(xv)　Article 18.69 (RMI), three years;

　　（xv）第18.69条（权利管理信息），3年；

(xvi)　Article 18.76.5(b) (Special Requirements Related to Border Measures), with respect to ex officio border measures for export, three years;

　　（xvi）第18.76.5条（与边境措施相关的特殊要求）（b）项，对于对出口依职权采取的边境措施，3年；

(xvii)　Article 18.76.5(c) (Special Requirements Related to Border Measures), with respect to ex officio border measures for in transit, two years;

　　（xvii）第18.76.5条（与边境措施相关的特殊要求）（c）项，对于对过境依职权采取的边境措施，2年；

(xviii)　Article 18.77.1(b) (Criminal Procedures and Penalties), three years;

　　（xviii）第18.77.1条（刑事程序和处罚）（b）项，3年；

(xix)　Article 18.77.2 (Criminal Procedures and Penalties), with respect to importation of pirated copyright goods, three years;

　　（xix）第18.77.2条（刑事程序和处罚），对于进口盗版货物，3年；

(xx)　Article 18.77.2 (Criminal Procedures and Penalties), with respect to exportation, three years;

　　（xx）第18.77.2条（刑事程序和处罚），对于出口，3年；

(xxi)　Article 18.77.4 (Criminal Procedures and Penalties), with respect to camcording, three years;

　　（xxi）第18.77.4条（刑事程序和处罚），对于便携摄像，3年；

(xxii)　Article 18.77.6(g) (Criminal Procedures and Penalties), with respect to enforcement without the right holder’s request for rights other than copyright, three years;

　　（xxii）第18.77.6条（刑事程序和处罚）（g）项，对于无需权利持有人请求的版权之外的权利的执行，3年；

(xxiii)　Article 18.78.2 and Article 18.78.3 (Trade Secrets), three years;

　　（xxiii）第18.78.2条和第18.78.3条（商业秘密），3年；

(xxiv) 　Article 18.79.1 (Protection of Encrypted Program-Carrying Satellite and Cable Signals), with respect to criminal remedies, three years;

　　（xxiv）第18.79.1条（对载有加密节目的卫星和有线信号的保护），对于刑事救济，3年；

(xxv)　Article 18.79.3 (Protection of Encrypted Program-Carrying Satellite and Cable Signals), with respect to cable signals, three years; and

　　（xxv）第18.79.3条（对载有加密节目的卫星和有线信号的保护），对于有线信号，3年；以及

(xxvi)　Section J (Internet Service Providers), three years.

　　（xxvi）J节（互联网服务提供商），3年。

^　　For transitions for Article 18.46.3 and Article 18.46.4 (Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Granting Authority Delays) for patents claiming pharmaceutical products and agricultural chemical products, the Parties will consider a justified request from Viet Nam for an extension of the transition period for up to one additional year.　Viet Nam’s request shall include the reasons for the requested extension.　Viet Nam may avail itself of this one-time extension upon providing a request in accordance with this paragraph unless the Commission decides otherwise within 60 days of receiving the request.　No later than the date on which the additional one-year period expires, Viet Nam shall provide to the Commission in writing a report on the measures it has taken to fulfil its obligation under Article 18.46.3 and Article 18.46.4.

　　^　　对于第18.46.3条和第18.46.4条（因授权机关不合理延迟而调整专利期）涉及药品和农用化学品专利的过渡，缔约方将考虑越南提出的将过渡期最多再延长额外1年的正当请求。越南的请求应包括请求延期的理由。越南可在依照本款提交请求后使用该一次性延期，除非自贸协定委员会在收到该请求后60天内另有决定。不迟于该额外1年期满之日，越南应以书面形式向自贸协定委员会提交关于其为履行第18.46.3条和第18.46.4条下的义务已采取措施的报告。

*　　For transitions for Article 18.50 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.51 (Biologics) for pharmaceutical products:

　　*　　对于第18.50条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据）和第18.51条（生物制剂）涉及药品的过渡：

(A)　　The Parties will consider a justified request from Viet Nam for an extension of the transition period for up to two additional years.　Viet Nam’s request shall include the reason for the requested extension.　Viet Nam may avail itself of this one-time extension upon providing a request in accordance with this paragraph unless the Commission decides otherwise within 60 days of receiving the request. No later than the date on which the additional two-year period expires, Viet Nam shall provide to the Commission in writing a report on the measures it has taken to fulfil its obligation under Article 18.50 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.51 (Biologics).

　　（A）缔约方将考虑越南提出的将该过渡期最多再延长额外2年的正当请求。越南的请求应包括请求延期的理由。越南可在依照本款提交请求后使用该一次性延期，除非自贸协定委员会在收到该请求后60天内另有决定。不迟于该额外2年期满之日，越南应以书面形式向自贸协定委员会提交其为履行第18.50条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据）和第18.51条（生物制剂）下的义务已采取措施的报告。

(B)　　Viet Nam may make a further request for an additional onetime extension pursuant to Chapter 27 (Administrative and Institutional Provisions).　Viet Nam’s request shall include the reason for the request.　The Commission shall decide pursuant to the procedures set forth in Article 27.3 (Decision-Making), whether to grant the request based on relevant factors, which may include capacity as well as other appropriate circumstances.　Viet Nam shall make the request no later than one year prior to the expiration of the two-year transition period referred to in the first sentence of paragraph (A).　The Parties shall give due consideration to that request.　If the Committee grants Viet Nam’s request, Viet Nam shall provide to the Commission in writing a report on the measures it has taken to fulfil its obligations under Article 18.50 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.51 (Biologics) no later than the date on which the extension period expires.

　　（B）越南可根据第27章（管理和机构条款）进一步请求额外一次性延期。越南的请求应包括该请求的理由。自贸协定委员会应根据第27.3条（决策）中所列程序根据相关因素决定是否同意该请求，相关因素可包括能力及其他适当情况。越南应不迟于（A）款第一句所指2年过渡期期满前1年提出请求。缔约方应适当考虑该请求。如自贸协定委员会同意越南的请求，则越南不迟于延长期期满之日，以书面形式向自贸协定委员会提交其为履行第18.50条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据）和第18.51条（生物制剂）下的义务已采取措施的报告。

(C)　　Viet Nam’s implementation of Article 18.50 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.51 (Biologics) during three years after the conclusion of the extension period referred to in paragraph (A) shall not be subject to dispute settlement under Chapter 28 (Dispute Settlement).

　　（C）在（A）款第一句所指的延长期结束后3年内，越南对第18.50条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据）和第18.51条（生物制剂）的履行情况不受第28章（争端解决）下的争端解决的约束。

++　　If there are unreasonable delays in Viet Nam in the initiation of the filing of marketing approval applications for new pharmaceutical products after Viet Nam implements its obligations under Article 18.50 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.51 (Biologics) in connection with subparagraphs (f)(x) and (f)(xi), Viet Nam may consider adopting measures to incentivise the timely initiation of the filing of these applications with a view to the introduction of new pharmaceutical products in its market.　To that end, Viet Nam shall notify the other Parties through the Commission and consult with them on such a proposed measure.　Such consultations shall begin within 30 days of a request from an interested Party, and shall provide adequate time and opportunity to resolve any concerns.　In addition, any such measure shall respect legitimate commercial considerations and take into account the need for incentives for the development of new pharmaceutical products and for the expeditious marketing approval in Viet Nam of such products.

　　++　　如越南履行其在第18.50条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据）和第18.51条（生物制剂）下与（f）项（x）目和（f）项（xi）目相关的义务后，在启动提交新药上市许可申请方面存在不合理延迟，则越南可考虑采取措施以激励及时启动这些申请的提交，以期将新药引入其市场。为此目的，越南应通过自贸协定委员会通知其他缔约方，并与其就此种拟议措施进行磋商。此类磋商应在一利害相关的缔约方提出请求后30天内开始，并应提供充足时间和机会以解决任何关注。此外，任何此类措施应尊重合理商业考虑，并考虑激励新药开发的需要和在越南快速授予此类药品上市许可的需要。

Annex 18-A

附件18-A

Annex to Article 18.7.2

第18.7.2条的附件

1.　　Notwithstanding the obligations in Article 18.7.2 (International Agreements), and subject to paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 of this Annex, New Zealand shall:

　　1．尽管有第18.7.2条（国际协定）中的义务，但是在遵守本附件第2款、第3款和第4款的前提下，新西兰应：

(a)　　accede to UPOV 1991 within three years of the date of entry into force of this Agreement for New Zealand; or

　　（a）在本协定对新西兰生效之日起3年内加入1991年UPOV公约；或

(b)　　adopt a sui generis plant variety rights system that gives effect to UPOV 1991 within three years of the date of entry into force of this Agreement for New Zealand.

　　（b）在本协定对新西兰生效之日起3年内采用一植物品种权专门制度以实施1991年UPOV公约。

2.　　Nothing in paragraph 1 shall preclude the adoption by New Zealand of measures it deems necessary to protect indigenous plant species in fulfilment of its obligations under the Treaty of Waitangi, provided that such measures are not used as a means of arbitrary or unjustified discrimination against a person of another Party.

　　2．第1款中任何内容不得阻止新西兰在履行其在《怀唐伊条约》项下的义务的过程中采取其认为必要的措施以保护本地植物物种，只要此类措施不用作任意或不合理歧视另一缔约方的人的手段。

3.　　The consistency of any measures referred to in paragraph 2 with the obligations in paragraph 1 shall not be subject to the dispute settlement provisions of this Agreement.

　　3．第2款中所指的任何措施与第1款中义务的一致性不得受本协定的争端解决规定的约束。

4.　　The interpretation of the Treaty of Waitangi, including as to the nature of the rights and obligations arising under it, shall not be subject to the dispute settlement provisions of this Agreement.　Chapter 28 (Dispute Settlement) shall otherwise apply to this Annex.　A panel established under Article 28.7 (Establishment of a Panel) may be requested to determine only whether any measure referred to in paragraph 2 is inconsistent with a Party’s rights under this Agreement.

　　4．对《怀唐伊条约》的解释，包括对该条约项下所产生的权利和义务性质的解释，不得受本协定的争端解决规定的约束。在其他方面，第28章（争端解决）应适用于本附件。根据第28.7条（设立专家组）设立的专家组可仅被请求确定第2款中所指的任何措施是否与一缔约方在本协定项下的权利不一致。

Annex 18-B

附件18-B

Chile

智利

1.　　Nothing in Article 18.50.1 or Article 18.50.2 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) or Article 18.51 (Biologics) prevents Chile from maintaining or applying the provisions of Article 91 of Chile’s Law No. 19.039 on Industrial Property, as in effect on the date of agreement in principle of this Agreement.

　　1．第18.50.1条或第18.50.2条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据）或第18.51条（生物制剂）中任何内容不损害智利维持或适用智利第19.039号法律第91条关于工业产权的规定，该规定在本协定原则达成一致之日生效。

2.　　Notwithstanding Article 1.2 (Relation to Other Agreements), paragraph 1 is without prejudice to any Party’s rights and obligations under an international agreement in effect prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement for Chile, including any rights and obligations under a trade agreement between Chile and another Party.

　　2．尽管有第1.2条（与其他协定的关系），但是第1款不损害任何缔约方在本协定对智利生效之日前生效的一国际协定项下的权利和义务，包括智利与另一缔约方之间的贸易协定项下的权利和义务。

Annex 18-C

附件18-C

Malaysia

马来西亚

1.　　Malaysia may, for the purpose of granting protection as specified in Article 18.50.1 and Article 18.50.2 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.51.1 (Biologics), require an applicant to commence the process of obtaining marketing approval for pharmaceutical products covered under those Articles within 18 months from the date that the product is first granted marketing approval in any country.

　　1．为授予按第18.50.1条和第18.50.2条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据）及第18.51.1条（生物制剂）中所规定的保护，马来西亚可要求一申请者自该产品在任何国家被首次授予上市许可之日起的18个月内开始这些条款所涵盖的获得药品上市许可的流程。

2.　　For greater certainty, the periods of protection referred to in Article 18.50.1 and Article 18.50.2 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.51.1 (Biologics) shall begin on the date of marketing approval of the pharmaceutical product in Malaysia.

　　2．为进一步明确，第18.50.1条和第18.50.2条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据）及第18.51.1条（生物制剂）中所指的保护期限应自该药品在马来西亚获得上市许可之日起开始。

Annex 18-D

附件18-D

Peru

秘鲁

Part 1: Applicable to Article 18.46 (Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Granting Authority Delays) and Article 18.48 (Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Curtailment)

第1部分　适用于第18.46条（因授权机关不合理延迟而调整专利期）和第18.48条（因不合理缩短而调整专利期）

　　　To the extent that Andean Decision 486, Common Industrial Property Regime, and Andean Decision 689, Adequacy of Certain Articles of Decision 486, restricts Peru’s implementation of its obligations set forth in Article 18.46.3 (Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Granting Authority Delays) and Article 18.48.2 (Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Curtailment), Peru commits to make its best efforts to obtain a waiver from the Andean Community that allows it to adjust its patent term in a way that is consistent with Article 18.46.3 (Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Granting Authority Delays) and Article 18.48.2 (Patent Term Adjustment for Unreasonable Curtailment). Further, if Peru demonstrates that the Andean Community withheld its request for a waiver despite its best efforts, Peru will continue ensuring that it does not discriminate with respect to the availability or enjoyment of patent rights based on the field of technology, the place of invention, and whether products are imported or locally produced.　Thus, Peru confirms that the treatment of pharmaceutical patents will be no less favourable than treatment of other patents in respect of the processing and examination of patent applications.

　　在安第斯决定第486号《共同的工业产权制度》和安第斯决定第689号《第486号决定部分条款的充分性》限制秘鲁履行第18.46.3条（因授权机关不合理延迟而调整专利期）和第18.48.2条（因不合理缩短而调整专利期）中所列其义务的情况下，秘鲁承诺尽其最大努力自安第斯共同体获得豁免，以允许其以与第18.46.3条（因授权机关不合理延迟而调整专利期）和第18.48.2条（因不合理缩短而调整专利期）相一致的方式调整其专利期。此外，如秘鲁证明尽管其已尽最大努力但安第斯共同体拒绝其豁免请求，则秘鲁将继续保证其不会根据技术领域、发明地点以及产品是否进口或当地生产而在专利权的可获性或享有方面实施任何歧视。因此，秘鲁确认在处理和审查专利申请方面，对药品专利的待遇将不低于对其他专利的待遇。

Part 2: Applicable to Article 18.50 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.51 (Biologics)

第2部分　适用于第18.50条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据）和第18.51条（生物制剂）

1.　　If Peru relies, pursuant to Article 18.50.1(b) (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data), on a marketing approval granted by another Party, and grants approval within six months of the date of the filing of a complete application for marketing approval filed in Peru, Peru may provide that the protection specified in Article 18.50.1(b) (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.51 (Biologics), as applicable, shall begin with the date of the first marketing approval relied on.　In implementing Article 18.50.1(b) (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data) and Article 18.51.1(b)(i) (Biologics), Peru may apply the period of protection established in Article 16.10.2(b) of the United States – Peru Trade Promotion Agreement, done at Washington, District of Columbia, April 12, 2006.

　　1．如秘鲁根据第18.50.1条（b）项（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据），信赖另一缔约方授予的上市许可，且在秘鲁提交完整的上市许可申请之日起6个月内授予许可，则秘鲁可规定，第18.50.1条（b）项（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据）和第18.51条（生物制剂）中所规定的保护，如适用，应自所信赖的首次上市许可授予之日起开始。在履行第18.50.1条（b）项（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据）和第18.511条（b）项（i）目（生物制剂）时，秘鲁可适用2006年4月12日订于华盛顿哥伦比亚特区的《美国--秘鲁贸易促进协定》第16.10.2条（b）项中所设立的保护期限。

2.　　Peru may apply paragraph 1 to Article 18.50.2 (Protection of Undisclosed Test or Other Data).

　　2．秘鲁可将第1款适用于第18.50.2条（保护未披露试验数据或其他数据）。

Annex 18-E

附件18-E

Annex to Section J

J节的附件

1.　　In order to facilitate the enforcement of copyright on the Internet and to avoid unwarranted market disruption in the online environment, Article 18.82.3 and Article 18.82.4 (Legal Remedies and Safe Harbours) shall not apply to a Party provided that, as from the date of agreement in principle of this Agreement, it continues to:

　　1．为便利在互联网上的版权实施并避免网络环境中无端市场干扰，第18.82.3条和第18.82.4条（法律救济和安全港）不得适用于一缔约方，只要自就本协定达成原则一致之日起，该缔约方继续：

(a)　　prescribe in its law circumstances under which Internet Service Providers do not qualify for the limitations described in Article 18.82.1(b) (Legal Remedies and Safe Harbours);

　　（a）在其法律中规定互联网服务提供商无资格使用第18.82.1条（b）项（法律救济和安全港）中所述限制的情况；

(b)　　provide statutory secondary liability for copyright infringement in cases in which a person, by means of the Internet or another digital network, provides a service primarily for the purpose of enabling acts of copyright infringement, in relation to factors set out in its law, such as:

　　（b）对于一人通过互联网或其他数字网络提供以促成版权侵权行为为主要目的的一服务的情况，规定版权侵权的法定间接责任，就其法律中所规定的因素而言，例如：

(i)　whether the person marketed or promoted the service as one that could be used to enable acts of copyright infringement;

　　（i）该人是否将该服务作为可用于促成版权侵权行为的服务进行营销或推广；

(ii)　whether the person had knowledge that the service was used to enable a significant number of acts of copyright infringement;

　　（ii）该人是否知道该服务曾用于促成大量版权侵权行为；

(iii)　whether the service has significant uses other than to enable acts of copyright infringement;

　　（iii）除促成版权侵权行为外，该服务是否具有其他重要用途；

(iv)　the person’s ability, as part of providing the service, to limit acts of copyright infringement, and any action taken by the person to do so;

　　（iv）作为提供该服务的一部分，该人限制版权侵权行为的能力，以及该人为此采取的任何行动；

(v)　any benefits the person received as a result of enabling the acts of copyright infringement; and

　　（v）该人自促成版权侵权行为所获任何利益；以及

(vi)　the economic viability of the service if it were not used to enable acts of copyright infringement;

　　（vi）如不用于促成版权侵权行为，该服务的经济实用性。

(c)　　require Internet Service Providers carrying out the functions referred to in Article 18.82.2(a) and (c) (Legal Remedies and Safe Harbours) to participate in a system for forwarding notices of alleged infringement, including if material is made available online, and if the Internet Service Provider fails to do so, subjecting that provider to pre-established monetary damages for that failure;

　　（c）要求互联网服务提供商履行第18.82.2条（a）项和（c）项（法律救济和安全港）中所指职能，参加一转发涉嫌侵权通知的系统，包括如材料可在线获得且如互联网服务提供商未能如此做，则要求该提供商为其不作为承担法定金钱赔偿责任；

(d)　　induce Internet Service Providers offering information location tools to remove within a specified period of time any reproductions of material that they make, and communicate to the public, as part of offering the information location tool upon receiving a notice of alleged infringement and after the original material has been removed from the electronic location set out in the notice; and

　　（d）引导提供信息定位工具的互联网服务提供商在一规定期限内移除其对材料所作的任何复制，并作为其提供信息定位工具的一部分，在收到涉嫌侵权通知时和原始材料已被从通知中列出的电子位置移除后告知公众；以及

(e)　　induce Internet Service Providers carrying out the function referred to in Article 18.82.2(c) (Legal Remedies and Safe Harbours) to remove or disable access to material upon becoming aware of a decision of a court of that Party to the effect that the person storing the material infringes copyright in the material.

　　（e）引导互联网服务提供商履行第18.82.2条（c）项（法律救济和安全港）中所列职能，在得知该缔约方一法院判决存储该材料的人侵犯该材料版权时移除或禁止访问该材料。

2.　　For a Party to which Article 18.82.3 and Article 18.82.4 (Legal Remedies and Safe Harbours) do not apply pursuant to paragraph 1 of this Annex, and in light of, among other things, paragraph 1(b) of this Annex, for the purposes of Article 18.82.1(a), legal incentives shall not mean the conditions for Internet Service Providers to qualify for the limitations provided for in Article 18.82.1(b), as set out in Article 18.82.3.

　　2．对于根据本附件第1款不适用第18.82.3条和第18.82.4条（法律救济和安全港）的一缔约方，并按照本附件第1款（b）项等规定，就第18.82.1条（a）项而言，法律激励不得指互联网服务提供商有资格使用第18.82.1条（b）项中所规定限制的条件，如第18.82.3条中所列。

Annex 18-F

附件18-F

Annex to Section J

J节的附件

　　　As an alternative to implementing Section J (Internet Service Providers), a Party may implement Article 17.11.23 of the United States – Chile Free Trade Agreement, done at Miami, June 6, 2003, which is incorporated into and made part of this Annex.

　　作为实施J节（互联网服务提供商）的替代，一缔约方可实施2003年6月6日订于迈阿密的《美国—智利自由贸易协定》第17.11.23条，该条已纳入本附件并成为本附件一部分。