Section A
General Provisions And Basic Principles

第一节　总则和基本原则

Article 11.1: Objectives

第一条　目标

1.　　The objective of this Chapter is to reduce distortion and impediments to trade and investment by promoting deeper economic integration and cooperation through the effective and adequate creation, utilisation, protection, and enforcement of intellectual property rights, while recognising:

　　一、本章旨在通过有效和充分的创造、运用、保护和实施知识产权权利来深化经济一体化和合作，以减少对贸易和投资的扭曲和阻碍，同时认识到：

(a)　　the Parties’ different levels of economic development and capacity, and differences in national legal systems;

　　（一）缔约方间不同的经济发展水平和能力，以及各国法律制度的差异；

(b)　　the need to promote innovation and creativity;

　　（二）促进创新和创造的需要；

(c)　　the need to maintain an appropriate balance between the rights of intellectual property right holders and the legitimate interests of users and the public interest;

　　（三）维持知识产权权利持有人的权利，知识产权使用者的合法权益，以及公共利益之间适当平衡的需要；

(d)　　the importance of facilitating the diffusion of information, knowledge, content, culture, and the arts; and

　　（四）便利信息、知识、内容、文化和艺术传播的重要性；以及

(e)　　that establishing and maintaining a transparent intellectual property system and promoting and maintaining adequate and effective protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights provide confidence to right holders and users.

　　（五）制定和维持透明的知识产权制度，并推动和维持充分和有效的知识产权权利的保护和实施，为权利持有人和使用者提供信心。

2.　　The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights should contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and to the transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of producers and users of technological knowledge and in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare, and to a balance of rights and obligations.

　　二、知识产权权利的保护和实施应该有助于促进技术创新和技术转让及传播，以利于社会和经济福利的方式推动技术知识的创造者和使用者的共同利益，并且有助于权利与义务的平衡。

Article 11.2: Scope of Intellectual Property

第二条　知识产权的范围

　　　For the purposes of this Chapter, “intellectual property” means copyright and related rights, trademarks, geographical indications, industrial designs, patents, layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits, protection of plant varieties, and protection of undisclosed information, as referred to in Sections 1 through 7 of Part II of the TRIPS Agreement.

　　就本章而言，知识产权指《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第二部分第一至七节所指的著作权和相关权利，商标、地理标志、工业设计和专利、集成电路布图设计（拓扑图）、保护植物品种，以及对未披露信息的保护。

Article 11.3: Relation to Other Agreements¹

第三条　与其他协定的关系¹

　　　In relation to intellectual property, in the event of any inconsistency between a provision of this Chapter and a provision of the TRIPS Agreement, the latter shall prevail to the extent of such inconsistency.

　　关于知识产权，如本章的某一规定与《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》的某一规定不一致时，在此类不一致的范围内应当以后者为准。

¹For the purposes of the application of this Article, the Parties agree that the fact that this Chapter provides for more extensive protection of intellectual property than is required by the TRIPS Agreement does not mean there is an inconsistency within the meaning of this Article and paragraph 2 of Article 20.2 (Relation to Other Agreements).

¹就本条而言，缔约方同意本章对知识产权的保护范围超出了《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》的要求，但这并不意味着本条和协定第二十章第二条（与其他协定的关系）的第二款所指存在不一致。

Article 11.4: Principles

第四条　原则

1.　　A Party may, in formulating or amending its laws and regulations, adopt measures necessary to protect public health and nutrition and to promote the public interest in sectors of vital importance to its socio-economic and technological development, provided that such measures are consistent with this Chapter.

　　一、一缔约方在制定或修订法律法规时，可以在对其社会经济和技术发展至关重要的领域采取必要措施，以保护公众健康与营养和促进公共利益，前提是相关措施与本章一致。

2.　　Appropriate measures, provided that they are consistent with this Chapter, may be needed to prevent the abuse of intellectual property rights by right holders or the resort to practices which unreasonably restrain trade or adversely affect the international transfer of technology.²

　　二、可能需要采取与本章一致的适当措施，以防止权利人滥用知识产权权利或采取不合理地限制贸易或对国际技术转让产生不利影响的做法。²

²The Parties recognise that intellectual property rights by themselves do not necessarily confer market dominance.

²缔约方认识到，拥有知识产权权利本身并不一定产生市场支配地位。

3.　　Further to paragraph 2, the Parties recognise the need to foster competition.

　　三、除第二款外，缔约方认识到促进竞争的需要。

Article 11.5: Obligations

第五条　义务

　　　Each Party shall give effect to the provisions of this Chapter.　A Party may, but shall not be obliged to, implement in its law more extensive protection than is required by this Chapter, provided that such protection does not contravene this Chapter.　Each Party shall be free to determine the appropriate method of implementing this Chapter within its own legal system and practice.

　　每一缔约方应当执行本章的规定。一缔约方可以，在其法律中执行比本章要求更广泛的保护，只要此类保护不违反本章的规定，但并无强制性义务。每一缔约方应当自由决定在其法律制度和实践中执行本章规定的适当方法。

Article 11.6: Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights

第六条　知识产权权利用尽

　　　Each Party shall be free to establish its own regime for exhaustion of intellectual property rights.

　　每一缔约方应当有权建立其各自的知识产权权利用尽制度。

Article 11.7: National Treatment

第七条　国民待遇

1.　　Each Party shall accord to the nationals³ of other Parties treatment no less favourable than that it accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection⁴ of intellectual property, subject to the exceptions provided in the TRIPS Agreement and in the multilateral agreements administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (hereinafter referred to as “WIPO” in this Chapter), to which that Party is party.

　　一、除一缔约方加入的《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》和世界知识产权组织（本章下称“WIPO”）管理的多边协定中规定的例外情况外，每一缔约方应给予其他缔约方的国民³不低于其本国国民在知识产权保护⁴方面的优惠待遇。

³For the purposes of this paragraph, a “national” of a Party shall include, in respect of the relevant right, any person as defined in subparagraph (t) of Article 1.2 (General Definitions) of that Party that would meet the criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in the agreements listed in Article 11.9 (Multilateral Agreements) and the TRIPS Agreement.

³就本款而言，一缔约方的“国民”应当包括，就相关权利而言，在第一章第二条（一般定义）第（二十）项中定义的、符合第十一章第九条（多边协定）和《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》所列保护资格标准的该缔约方任何人。

⁴For the purposes of this paragraph, “protection” includes matters affecting the availability, acquisition, scope, maintenance, and enforcement of intellectual property rights as well as matters affecting the use of intellectual property rights specifically covered by this Chapter.

⁴就本款而言，“保护”包括影响知识产权权利可获得性、取得、范围、维持和实施的事项，以及本章特别涵盖的影响知识产权权利使用的事项。

Further, for the purposes of this paragraph, “protection” also includes the provisions concerning:

此外，就本款而言，“保护”还包括以下规定：

(a)　effective technological measures set out in Article 11.14 (Circumvention of Effective Technological Measures); and

　　（一）第十一章第十四条（规避有效技术措施）所列的有效技术措施；以及

(b)　rights management information set out in Article 11.15 (Protection for Electronic Rights Management Information).

　　（二）第十一章第十五条（保护权利管理电子信息）规定的权利管理信息。

2.　　A Party may avail itself of the exceptions referred to in paragraph 1 in relation to its judicial and administrative procedures, including requiring a national of another Party to designate an address for service of process in its territory, or to appoint an agent in its territory, only where such exceptions are:

　　二、一缔约方可以借助第一款所提及的与其司法和行政程序相关的例外，包括要求另一缔约方的国民在其领土内指定送达地址，或在其领土内指定代理人，只要此类例外：

(a)　　necessary to secure compliance with its laws and regulations that are not inconsistent with this Chapter; and

　　（一）是确保遵守其与本章没有抵触的法律法规所必需的；以及

(b)　　not applied in a manner that would constitute a disguised restriction on trade.

　　（二）不以对贸易构成变相限制的方式实施。

3.　　The obligations under paragraph 1 do not apply to procedures provided in multilateral agreements concluded under the auspices of WIPO relating to the acquisition or maintenance of intellectual property rights.

　　三、第一款项下的义务不得适用于在WIPO主持下缔结的多边协定中与取得或维持知识产权权利相关的程序。

Article 11.8: The TRIPS Agreement and Public Health

第八条　《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》与公共健康

1.　　The Parties reaffirm the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health adopted on 14 November 2001.　In particular, the Parties have reached the following understandings regarding this Chapter:

　　一、缔约方重申2001年11月14日通过的《关于〈与贸易有关的知识产权协定〉与公共健康多哈宣言》。具体而言，缔约方就本章达成如下谅解：

(a)　　the Parties affirm the right to fully use the flexibilities as duly recognised in the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health;

　　（一）缔约方确认《关于〈与贸易有关的知识产权协定〉与公共健康多哈宣言》中正式认可的充分利用灵活性的权利；

(b)　　the Parties agree that this Chapter does not and should not prevent a Party from taking measures to protect public health; and

　　（二）缔约方同意本章不阻止且不应阻止一缔约方采取保护公共健康的措施；以及

(c)　　the Parties affirm that this Chapter can and should be interpreted and implemented in a manner supportive of each Party’s right to protect public health and, in particular, to promote access to medicines for all.

　　（三）缔约方确认本章的解释和执行可以且应支持每一缔约方保护公共健康的权利，特别是促进所有人获得药品。

2.　　In recognition of the Parties’ commitment to access to medicines and public health, this Chapter does not and should not prevent the effective utilisation of Article 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, and the Annex and Appendix to the Annex to the TRIPS Agreement.

　　二、认识到缔约方在获得药品和公共健康方面的承诺，本章不阻止且不应阻止对《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第三十一条之二以及《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》附件和附件附录的有效使用。

3.　　The Parties recognise the importance of contributing to the international efforts to implement Article 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, and the Annex and Appendix to the Annex to the TRIPS Agreement.

　　三、缔约方认识到为推动实施《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第三十一条之二以及《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》附件和附件附录的国际努力作贡献的重要性。

Article 11.9: Multilateral Agreements

第九条　多边协定

1.　　Each Party shall ratify or accede to the following multilateral agreements to which it is not yet party:

　　一、每一缔约方，如非下列多边协定的缔约方，应当批准或加入下列多边协定：

(a)　　the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property done at Paris on 20 March 1883, as revised at Stockholm on 14 July 1967 and amended on 28 September 1979 (hereinafter referred to as the “Paris Convention” in this Chapter);

　　（一）《保护工业产权巴黎公约》，1883年3月20日于巴黎签订，1967年7月14日在斯德哥尔摩修订，并于1979年9月28日修正（本章下称《巴黎公约》）；

(b)　　the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works done at Berne on 9 September 1886, as revised at Paris on 24 July 1971 and amended on 28 September 1979 (hereinafter referred to as the “Berne Convention” in this Chapter);

　　（二）《保护文学艺术作品伯尔尼公约》，1886年9月9日于伯尔尼签订，1971年7月24日在巴黎修订，并于1979年9月28日修正（本章下称《伯尔尼公约》）；

(c)　　the Patent Cooperation Treaty done at Washington on 19 June 1970, as amended on 28 September 1979 and modified on 3 February 1984 and 3 October 2001 (hereinafter referred to as the “PCT” in this Chapter);

　　（三）《专利合作条约》，1970年6月19日于华盛顿签订，1979年9月28日修正，并于1984年2月3日及2001年10月3日修改（本章下称“PCT”）；

(d)　　the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks adopted at Madrid on 27 June 1989, as amended on 3 October 2006 and 12 November 2007 (hereinafter referred to as the “Madrid Protocol” in this Chapter);

　　（四）《商标国际注册马德里协定有关议定书》，1989年6月27日于马德里通过，2006年10月3日及2007年11月12日修正（本章下称《马德里议定书》）；

(e)　　the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted in Geneva on 20 December 1996 (hereinafter referred to as the “WCT” in this Chapter);

　　（五）《世界知识产权组织著作权条约》，1996年12月20日于日内瓦通过（本章下称“WCT”）；

(f)　　the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty adopted in Geneva on 20 December 1996 (hereinafter referred to as the “WPPT” in this Chapter); and

　　（六）《世界知识产权组织表演和录音制品条约》，1996年12月20日于日内瓦通过（本章下称“WPPT”）；以及

(g)　　the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled adopted in Marrakesh on 27 June 2013 (hereinafter referred to as the “Marrakesh Treaty” in this Chapter).

　　（七）《关于为盲人、视力障碍者或其他印刷品阅读障碍者获得已出版作品提供便利的马拉喀什条约》，2013年6月27日于马拉喀什通过（本章下称《马拉喀什条约》）。

2.　　Each Party shall endeavour to ratify or accede to the following multilateral agreement to which it is not yet party: the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure done at Budapest on 28 April 1977, as amended on 26 September 1980.

　　二、每一缔约方，如非下列协定的缔约方，应当致力于批准或加入下列多边协定：《国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约》，1977年4月28日于布达佩斯签订，于1980年9月26日修正。

3.　　If any Party intends to ratify or accede to any of the following multilateral agreements, it may seek to cooperate with other Parties to support its ratification or accession to and its implementation of that multilateral agreement:

　　三、如任一缔约方有意批准或加入下列任何多边协定，该缔约方可以寻求与其他缔约方合作以支持其批准或加入以及执行该多边协定：

(a)　　the 1991 Act of International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants as revised at Geneva on 19 March 1991;

　　（一）《国际植物新品种保护公约（1991年文本）》，于1991年3月19日在日内瓦修订；

(b)　　the Geneva Act of the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Industrial Designs done at Geneva on 2 July 1999;

　　（二）《工业品外观设计国际注册海牙协定（日内瓦文本）》，于1999年7月2日在日内瓦签订；

(c)　　the International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations done at Rome on 26 October 1961 (hereinafter referred to as the “Rome Convention” in this Chapter); and

　　（三）《保护表演者、音像制品制作者和广播组织罗马公约》，于1961年10月26日在罗马签订（本章下称“《罗马公约》”）；以及

(d)　　the Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks done at Singapore on 27 March 2006.

　　（四）《商标法新加坡条约》，于2006年3月27日在新加坡签订。

Section B
Copyright And Related Rights

第二节　著作权和相关权利

Article 11.10: Exclusive Rights of Authors, Performers, and Producers of Phonograms

第十条　作者、表演者和录音制品制作者的专有权

1.　　Each Party shall provide to authors of works the exclusive right to authorise any communication to the public of their works, by wire or wireless means, including the making available to the public of their works in such a way that members of the public may access these works from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

　　一、每一缔约方应当授予作品的作者专有权，授权其以有线或无线的方式向公众传播作品，包括通过使公众可在个人选定的地点和时间获得其作品的方式提供。

2.　　Each Party shall provide to performers and producers of phonograms⁵ the exclusive right to authorise the making available to the public of their performances fixed in phonograms and phonograms, respectively, by wire or wireless means, in such a way that members of the public may access them from a place and at a time individually chosen by them.

　　二、每一缔约方应当授予表演者和录音制品制作者⁵专有权，授权其以有线或无线的方式向公众提供以录音制品录制的表演和录音制品，使公众可在个人选定的地点和时间获得该作品。

⁵For the purposes of this Chapter, a Party may interpret “producers of phonograms” as having the same meaning as “authors of sound recordings”.

⁵就本章而言，一缔约方可将“录音制品制作者”解释为“声音记录的作者”。

3.　　Each Party shall provide to authors, performers, and producers of phonograms the exclusive right to authorise or prohibit the reproduction of their works, performances fixed in phonograms, and phonograms in any manner or form.

　　三、每一缔约方应当授予作者、表演者和录音制品制作者专有权，授权或禁止对其作品、固定在录音制品中的表演和录音制品以任何形式或方式进行复制。

Article 11.11: Right to Remuneration for Broadcasting⁶

第十一条　获得广播报酬的权利⁶

　　　Performers and producers of phonograms shall enjoy the right to a single equitable remuneration, or alternatively the right to receive royalties, for the direct or indirect use of phonograms published for commercial purposes for broadcasting.

　　录音制品的表演者和制作者，对于直接或间接使用为商业目的而发行的录音制品进行广播，应当享有获得一次性合理报酬或收取许可使用费的权利。

⁶Where a Party is, or becomes, party to the WPPT, that Party’s obligations under this Article shall be subject to any commitments and reservations that that Party has made, or will make, under the WPPT.

⁶当一缔约方已加入或已成为WPPT的缔约方时，该缔约方在本条项下的义务应当受该缔约方在WPPT项下已做出或将作出的任何承诺和保留的约束。

Article 11.12: Protection of Broadcasting Organisations and Encrypted Programme-Carrying Satellite Signals

第十二条　保护广播组织和载有加密节目的卫星信号

1.　　Each Party shall provide to broadcasting organisations the exclusive right to prohibit the re-broadcasting of their broadcasts by at least wireless means, the fixation of their broadcasts, and the reproduction of fixations of their broadcasts.^7,8

　　一、每一缔约方应当授予广播组织专有权，禁止至少以无线方式转播其广播，固定其广播以及复制其广播录制品。^7,8

⁷Where a Party does not grant such rights to broadcasting organisations, it shall provide owners of copyright in the subject matter of broadcasts with the possibility of preventing the above acts, subject to the provisions of the Berne Convention.

⁷如果一缔约方未向广播组织授予此类权力，则应当在遵守《伯尔尼公约》规定的情况下，向广播内容的著作权所有权人提供阻止上述行为的可能性。

⁸Any Party may, in relation to the rights conferred under this paragraph, provide for conditions, limitations, exceptions, and reservations, to the extent permitted by the Rome Convention.

⁸任何成员可以就本款授予的权利，在《罗马公约》允许的限度内，规定条件、限制、例外和保留。

2.　　Each Party shall endeavour to provide measures, in accordance with its laws and regulations, against at least one of the following acts:

　　二、每一缔约方应当致力于根据其法律法规，针对以下至少一种行为采取措施：

(a)　　wilful reception⁹

　　（一）故意接收⁹；

⁹For greater certainty and for the purposes of subparagraphs 2(a) and (c), a Party may provide that wilful reception of an encrypted programme-carrying satellite signal means reception and use of the signal, or reception and decoding of the signal.

⁹为进一步明确，并就第二款第（一）项和第（三）项而言，一缔约方可规定，故意接收载有加密节目的卫星或有线电视信号，指接收和使用该信号或者指接收和解码该信号。

(b)　　wilful distribution¹⁰; or

　　（二）故意传播¹⁰；或

¹⁰For greater certainty, a Party may interpret “distribution” as “retransmission to the public”.

¹⁰为进一步明确，并就本款而言，一缔约方可将“传播”解释为 “向公众再转播”。

(c)　　wilful reception and further distribution¹¹,

　　（三）故意接收和进一步传播¹¹

¹¹For greater certainty, a Party may interpret “distribution” as “retransmission to the public”.

¹¹为进一步明确，并就本款而言，一缔约方可将“传播”解释为 “向公众再转播”。

of a programme-carrying signal that originated as an encrypted programme-carrying satellite signal, knowing that it has been decoded without the authorisation of the lawful distributor of the signal.

载有节目的信号，该信号最初为载有加密节目的卫星信号，明知该信号的解码未经该信号的合法分销方授权。

Article 11.13: Collective Management Organisations

第十三条　集体管理组织

1.　　Each Party shall endeavour to foster the establishment of appropriate organisations for the collective management of copyright and related rights.　Each Party shall encourage such organisations to operate in a manner that is fair, efficient, publicly transparent, and accountable to their members, which may include open and transparent record keeping of the collection and distribution of royalties¹².

　　一、每一缔约方应当致力于促进建立适当的组织对著作权及相关权利进行集体管理。每一缔约方应当鼓励此类组织以公平、高效、公开透明和对其成员负责的方式运作，包括公开和透明地记录许可使用费¹²的收取和分配。

¹²For greater certainty, “royalties” may include equitable remuneration.

¹²为进一步明确，“许可使用费”可以包括公平的报酬。

2.　　The Parties recognise the importance of fostering cooperation between their respective collective management organisations for the purposes of mutually ensuring easier licensing of content among the Parties, as well as encouraging¹³ mutual transfer of royalties for use of works or other copyright-protected subject matters of the nationals of another Party.

　　二、缔约方认识到促进各自集体管理组织间合作的重要性，以相互确保缔约方之间更容易地许可内容，并鼓励¹³相互转让使用另一缔约方国民的作品或其他受著作权保护的主体的许可使用费。

¹³For greater certainty, “encouraging” does not require a Party to intercede in any contractual arrangements between collective management organisations.

¹³为进一步明确，“鼓励”并不要求一缔约方介入该缔约方集体管理组织之间的任何合同安排。

Article 11.14: Circumvention of Effective Technological Measures

第十四条　规避有效技术措施

　　　Each Party shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that are used by authors, performers, or producers of phonograms in connection with the exercise of their rights referred to in this Section and that restrict acts, in respect of their works, performances, or phonograms, which are not authorised by the authors, the performers, or the producers of phonograms concerned or permitted by the laws and regulations of that Party.

　　每一缔约方应当提供充分的法律保护和有效的法律救济以防止规避有效技术措施，该技术措施由作者、表演者、或录音制品制作者采取，与其行使本节项下的权利有关，以限制对其作品、表演、或录音制品的规避行为且该规避行为既未经作者、表演者或相关录音制品制作者授权，也不被该缔约方法律和法规所允许。

Article 11.15: Protection for Electronic Rights Management Information

第十五条　保护权利管理电子信息

　　　To protect electronic rights management information (hereinafter referred to as “RMI” in this Chapter)¹⁴, each Party shall provide adequate and effective legal remedies against any person knowingly performing without authority any of the following acts knowing, or with respect to civil remedies with reasonable grounds to know, that it will induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal an infringement of any copyright or related rights referred to in this Chapter:

　　为保护权利管理电子信息（本章下称“权利管理电子信息”）¹⁴，针对任何人未经授权故意做出下列行为，而且明知或就民事救济而言有合理理由知道该行为会诱导、促成、便利或包庇侵犯本章项下的任何著作权或相关权利的，每一缔约方应当提供充分和有效的法律救济。

(a)　　removing or altering any electronic RMI; or

　　（一）去除或改变任何权利管理电子信息；或者

(b)　　distributing, importing for distribution, broadcasting, communicating, or making available to the public copies of works, performances fixed in phonograms, or phonograms, knowing that electronic RMI has been removed or altered without authority.

　　（二）分销、为分销目的进口、广播、向公众传播或提供明知已被未经许可去除或改变权利管理电子信息的作品、录制的表演或录音制品。

¹⁴For the purposes of this Article, “RMI” means:

¹⁴就本条而言，权利管理信息指：

(a)　information that identifies the work, the performance, the phonogram, the author of the work, the performer of the performance, the producer of the phonogram, or the owner of any right in the work, performance, or phonogram;

　　（一）识别作品、表演或录音制品，作品的作者、表演的表演者、录音制品的制作者的信息；或识别对作品、表演或录音制品拥有任何权利的所有人的信息；

(b)　information about the terms and conditions of use of the work, performance, or phonogram; or

　　（二）有关作品、表演或录音制品使用条款和条件的信息；或

(c)　any numbers or codes that represent the information described in subparagraphs (a) and (b) of this footnote,

　　（三）代表第（一）项或第（二）项所述信息的数字和代码，

when any of these items of information is attached to a copy of a work, performances fixed in phonograms, or a phonogram, or appears in connection with the communication or the making available of a work, performances fixed in phonograms, or a phonogram to the public.

如该各项信息均附于作品、以录音制品录制的表演或录音制品的复制件上，或在向公众传播或提供作品、以录音制品录制的表演或录音制品时出现。

Article 11.16: Limitations and Exceptions to Providing Protection and Remedies for Technological Measures and RMI

第十六条　为技术措施和权利管理电子信息提供保护和救济的限制和例外

1.　　Each Party may provide for appropriate limitations and exceptions to measures implementing Article 11.14 (Circumvention of Effective Technological Measures) and Article 11.15 (Protection for Electronic Rights Management Information) in accordance with its laws and regulations.

　　一、每一缔约方可以依照其法律法规为执行第十一章第十四条（规避有效技术措施）和第十一章第十五条（保护权利管理电子信息）中的措施提供适当的例外和限制。

2.　　The obligations set forth in Article 11.14 (Circumvention of Effective Technological Measures) and Article 11.15 (Protection for Electronic Rights Management Information) are without prejudice to the rights, limitations, exceptions, or defences to infringement of any copyright or related right under a Party’s laws and regulations.

　　二、第十一章第十四条（规避有效技术措施）和第十一章第十五条（保护权利管理电子信息）中规定的义务不得损害一缔约方法律法规规定的对任何著作权侵权或相关权利侵权规定的权利、限制、例外或抗辩。

Article 11.17: Government Use of Software

第十七条　政府使用软件

　　　Each Party confirms its commitment to:

　　每一缔约方确认其承诺:

(a)　　maintain appropriate laws, regulations, or policies that provide for its central government to use only noninfringing computer software in a manner consistent with this Chapter; and

　　（一）维持适当的法律、法规或政策，规定中央政府只能以与本章规定相一致的方式，使用非侵权计算机软件；以及

(b)　　encourage its regional and local governments to adopt or maintain measures similar to those referred to in subparagraph (a).

　　（二）鼓励其区域和地方政府采取或维持与第（一）项所提及的措施类似的措施。

Article 11.18: Limitations and Exceptions

第十八条　限制和例外

1.　　Each Party shall confine limitations or exceptions to exclusive rights to certain special cases which do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work, performance, or phonogram, and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.¹⁵

　　一、每一缔约方应将专有权的限制或例外限于某些特殊情况，且不得与作品、表演或录音制品的正常利用冲突，也不得不合理地损害权利持有人的合法权益。¹⁵

¹⁵For greater certainty, this paragraph shall not prevent a Party from providing limitations or exceptions for broadcasts in accordance with multilateral agreements related to intellectual property to which that Party is, or becomes, party.

¹⁵为进一步明确，本款不得阻止一缔约方根据其已加入或已经成为缔约方的与知识产权有关的多边协定对广播规定限制或例外。

2.　　Nothing in paragraph 1 shall reduce or extend the scope of applicability of the limitations and exceptions available to a Party as a party to the TRIPS Agreement, the Berne Convention, the Rome Convention, the WCT, or the WPPT.

　　二、第一款不得减少也不得扩大一缔约方作为《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》《伯尔尼公约》《罗马公约》《世界知识产权组织著作权条约》或《世界知识产权组织表演和录音制品条约》的缔约方可获得的限制与例外的适用范围。

3.　　Each Party shall endeavour to provide an appropriate balance in its copyright and related rights system, among other things by means of limitations and exceptions consistent with paragraph 1, for legitimate purposes, which may include education, research, criticism, comment, news reporting, and facilitating access to published works for persons who are blind, visually impaired, or otherwise print disabled.

　　三、除其他方式外，每一缔约方应当致力于通过与第一款相一致的限制和例外，为合法目的在其著作权和相关权利制度中提供适当的平衡。合法目的包括但不限于：教育、研究、批评、评论、新闻报道和为盲人、视障者或其他印刷品阅读障碍者获得已出版作品提供便利。

4.　　For greater certainty, a Party may adopt or maintain limitations or exceptions to the rights referred to in paragraph 1 for fair use, as long as any such limitation or exception is confined as stated in paragraph 1.

　　四、为进一步明确，每一缔约方可以为合理使用而采取或维持第一款所提及的权利的限制或例外，只要此类限制或例外限于第一款所述的范围。

Section C
Trademarks

第三节　商标

Article 11.19: Trademarks Protection

第十九条　商标保护

　　　Each Party shall ensure that any signs or any combination of signs capable of distinguishing the goods and services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings, shall be capable of constituting a trademark.　Such signs, in particular words including personal names, letters, numerals, figurative elements, three-dimensional shapes, and combinations of colours, as well as any combination of such signs, shall be eligible for registration as trademarks.　Where signs are not inherently capable of distinguishing the relevant goods or services, a Party may make registrability depend on distinctiveness acquired through use.　No Party shall require, as a condition of registration of a trademark, that signs be visually perceptible, nor deny registration of a trademark solely on the grounds that the sign of which it is composed is a sound.¹⁶

　　每一缔约方应当确保能够将一个企业的货物和服务与其他企业的货物和服务区分开来的任何标记或任何标记的组合都应当能够构成商标。此类标记，特别是包括人名、字母、数字、图形元素、立体形状、颜色组合在内的标记以及此类标记的任何组合，应当有资格注册为商标。如标记本身不能区分有关货物或服务，一缔约方可以将通过使用获得的显著性作为注册条件。缔约方不得将标记可被视觉感知作为一项注册条件，也不得仅因该标记由声音组成而拒绝商标注册。¹⁶

¹⁶A Party may require an adequate description, which can be represented graphically, of the trademark.

¹⁶一缔约方可以要求以图片展示的方式来对商标进行充分的描述。

Article 11.20: Protection of Collective Marks and Certification Marks

第二十条　证明商标和集体商标的保护

1.　　Each Party shall provide that trademarks include collective marks and certification marks.　A Party is not obligated to treat certification marks as a separate category in its laws and regulations, provided that those marks are protected.

　　一、每一缔约方应当规定商标包括集体商标和证明商标。只要证明商标受到保护，一缔约方并无义务在其法律法规中将证明商标作为一个单独的类别对待。

2.　　Each Party shall also provide that signs that may serve as geographical indications are capable of protection under its trademark system in accordance with its laws and regulations.

　　二、每一缔约方也应当规定，可作为地理标志的标记能够依照其法律法规在商标制度下得到保护。

Article 11.21: Trademarks Classification System

第二十一条　商标分类制度

1.　　Each Party shall adopt or maintain a trademark classification system that is consistent with the Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks done at Nice on 15 June 1957, as amended from time to time (hereinafter referred to as the “Nice Agreement” in this Chapter).

　　一、每一缔约方应当建立或维持与1957年6月15日于尼斯签订并经多次修正的《商标注册用货物与服务国际分类尼斯协定》（本章下称《尼斯协定》）相一致的商标分类制度。

2.　　A Party that relies on translations of the classification system established by the Nice Agreement (hereinafter referred to as the “Nice Classification” in this Chapter) shall follow updated versions of the Nice Classification to the extent that official translations have been issued and published.

　　二、一缔约方遵循依据《尼斯协定》（本章下称“尼斯分类”）制定的分类系统的翻译版本，在尼斯分类更新版本的官方翻译已经发布和出版的情况下，该缔约方应当遵循该版本。

Article 11.22: Registration and Applications of Trademarks

第二十二条　商标的注册和申请

1.　　Each Party shall provide a system for the registration of trademarks, which shall include:

　　一、每一缔约方应当设置商标注册制度，该制度应当包括：

(a)　　a requirement to provide to the applicant a communication in writing, which may be provided electronically, of the reasons for a refusal to register a trademark;

　　（一）向申请人提供驳回商标注册理由的书面通知的要求，书面通知可以是电子文本；

(b)　　an opportunity for the applicant to respond to communications from the Party’s competent authorities, to contest an initial refusal, and to make a judicial appeal of a final refusal to register a trademark;

　　（二）申请人享有回复商标主管机关的通知，对初步驳回决定提出复审，以及对最终驳回决定申请司法审查的机会；

(c)　　an opportunity to do at least one of the following in relation to a trademark before it has been registered:

　　（三）在商标注册之前，提供以下与商标相关行为中至少一项的机会：

(i) oppose a trademark application; or

　　1．对商标申请提出异议；或者

(ii) provide the competent authority with information that the trademark application does not satisfy the requirements for registration;

　　2．向主管部门提供商标申请不符合注册要求的信息；

(d)　　an opportunity to do at least one of the following in relation to a trademark after it has been registered:

　　（四）在商标注册之后，提供以下与商标相关行为中至少一项的机会：

(i) oppose the registration;

　　1．对商标注册提出异议；

(ii) seek revocation of the registration;

　　2．寻求撤销商标注册；

(iii) seek cancellation of the registration; or

　　3．寻求注销商标注册；或者

(iv) seek invalidation of the registration; and

　　4．寻求商标注册无效；以及

(e)　　a requirement that administrative decisions¹⁷ in opposition, revocation, cancellation, or invalidation proceedings shall be reasoned and in writing.　Such decisions may be provided electronically.

　　（五）异议、撤销、注销或无效程序的行政决定¹⁷应当说明理由并采取书面形式的要求。此类决定可以以电子方式提供。

¹⁷For the purposes of this subparagraph, “administrative decisions” include quasijudicial decisions.

¹⁷就本项而言，“行政决定”包括准司法决定。

2.　　Each Party shall provide:

　　二、每一缔约方应当提供：

(a)　　a system for the electronic application for processing, registering, and maintenance of, trademarks; and

　　（一）商标电子申请的处理、注册及维持制度；以及

(b)　　a publicly accessible online electronic database of trademark applications and registrations.

　　（二）可以公开访问的商标申请和注册的在线电子数据库。

Article 11.23: Rights Conferred

第二十三条　权利授予

　　　Each Party shall provide that the owner of a registered trademark shall have the exclusive right to prevent all third parties not having the owner’s consent from using in the course of trade identical or similar signs for goods or services that are identical or similar to those goods or services in respect of which the trademark is registered, where such use would result in a likelihood of confusion.　In the case of the use of an identical sign for identical goods or services, a likelihood of confusion shall be presumed.　The rights described in this Article shall not prejudice any existing prior rights, nor shall they affect the possibility of a Party making rights available on the basis of use.

　　每一缔约方应当规定，注册商标的所有权人享有专有权，以阻止在贸易活动中所有第三方未经其同意，在同一种或类似商标或服务上使用可能会造成混淆的与已注册商标相同或近似的标记。在同一种货物或服务上使用相同标记的情况下，应推定存在混淆的可能。本章的权利不得损害任何现有的在先权利，也不得影响缔约方在使用的基础上授予权利的可能性。

Article 11.24: Exceptions

第二十四条　例外

　　　A Party may provide limited exceptions to the rights conferred by a trademark, such as fair use of descriptive terms, provided that such exceptions take account of the legitimate interests of the owner of the trademark and of third parties.

　　一缔约方可以对商标所赋予的权利规定有限的例外，如合理使用描述性术语，只要此类例外考虑到商标所有权人和第三方的正当利益。

Article 11.25: Protection of Trademarks that Predate Geographical Indications

第二十五条　先于地理标志的商标保护

　　　Each Party shall protect trademarks where they predate, in its jurisdiction, geographical indications, in accordance with the TRIPS Agreement.

　　每一缔约方应当根据《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》保护其管辖范围内先于地理标志的商标。

Article 11.26: Protection of Well-Known Trademarks

第二十六条　驰名商标的保护

1.　　Each Party shall provide for appropriate measures to refuse or cancel the registration, and to prohibit the use,¹⁸ of a trademark that is identical or similar to a well-known trademark^19,20 for identical or similar goods or services, if the use of that trademark is likely to cause confusion with the prior well-known trademark.

　　一、每一缔约方应当规定适当措施，驳回、注销商标注册申请，以及禁止在相同或类似货物或服务上使用¹⁸与该驰名商标^19,20相同或近似的商标，若该商标的使用可能造成与在先驰名商标的混淆。

¹⁸For greater certainty, a Party may comply with the obligation to provide for appropriate measures to prohibit the use of the trademark that is identical or similar to a well-known trademark under this paragraph by providing its judicial authorities with the authority to prohibit the use of such a trademark.

¹⁸为进一步明确，一缔约方可以通过向司法机关授予禁止使用该商标的权力，来履行规定采取适当措施以禁止使用与本款中的驰名商标相同或近似的商标的义务。

¹⁹For the purposes of this paragraph, a Party may treat “a reproduction, an imitation, or a translation of a well-known trademark” as “identical or similar to a well-known trademark”.

¹⁹就本款而言，一缔约方可以将“对驰名商标的复制、摹仿或者翻译”视为“与驰名商标相同或者近似”。

²⁰The Parties understand that a well-known trademark is one that was already wellknown before, as determined by a Party, the application for, registration of, or use of the first-mentioned trademark.

²⁰缔约方理解，驰名商标指的是首次提及的商标申请、注册或使用之前经一缔约方确定已经驰名的商标。

2.　　Each Party recognises the importance of the Joint Recommendation Concerning Provisions on the Protection of Well-Known Marks as adopted by the Assembly of the Paris Union for the Protection of Industrial Property and the General Assembly of WIPO at the Thirty-Fourth Series of Meetings of the Assemblies of the Member States of WIPO, 20 to 29 September 1999.

　　二、缔约方认识到由保护工业产权巴黎联盟大会和WIPO大会在1999年9月20日至29日的WIPO成员国大会第34届系列会议上通过的《关于保护驰名商标规定的联合建议》的重要性。

3.　　No Party shall require, as a condition for determining that a trademark is a well-known trademark, that the trademark has been registered in that Party or in another jurisdiction, included on a list of well-known trademarks, or given prior recognition as a well-known trademark.

　　三、缔约方不得要求将一商标已在该缔约方领土内或其他司法辖区内注册、已列入驰名商标目录或已被在先认定为驰名商标作为决定该商标是否为驰名商标的条件。

Article 11.27: Bad Faith Trademarks²¹

第二十七条　恶意商标²¹

²¹For the purposes of this Article, the competent authority of a Party may take into consideration whether the trademark is identical or similar to a well-known trademark of another person.

²¹就本条而言，一缔约方的主管机关可以考虑该商标是否与他人的驰名商标相同或者近似。

　　　Each Party shall provide that its competent authority has the authority to refuse an application or cancel a registration where the application to register the trademark was made in bad faith in accordance with its laws and regulations.

　　每一缔约方应当规定其主管机关有权驳回申请或注销注册根据其法律法规属于恶意的商标申请或商标注册。

Article 11.28: One and the Same Application Relating to Several Goods or Services

第二十八条　与多个类别货物或服务相关的同一份申请

　　　Each Party shall provide that one and the same application for registration of a trademark may relate to several goods or services, or any combination thereof, irrespective of whether they belong to one class or to several classes of the Nice Classification.

　　每一缔约方应当规定同一份商标注册申请可以涉及多个类别的货物或服务，或其任何组合，无论它们属于尼斯分类项下的一个类别或多个类别。

Section D
Geographical Indications

第四节　地理标志

Article 11.29: Protection of Geographical Indications

第二十九条　地理标志的保护

　　　Each Party shall ensure in its laws and regulations adequate and effective means to protect geographical indications.　Each Party recognises that such protection may be provided through a trademark system, a sui generis system, or other legal means, provided that all requirements under the TRIPS Agreement are fulfilled.

　　每一缔约方应当确保在其法律法规中有充分和有效的保护地理标志的方式。每一缔约方认识到地理标志可以通过商标制度或专门制度或其它法律途径得到保护，只要其符合《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》中的所有要求。

Article 11.30: Domestic Administrative Procedures for the Protection of Geographical Indications

第三十条　保护地理标志的国内行政程序

1.　　If a Party provides domestic administrative procedures²² for the protection of geographical indications, whether through a trademark or a sui generis system, that Party shall with respect to applications for that protection:

　　一、如一缔约方规定了保护地理标志的国内行政程序²²，无论是通过商标制度或者专门制度，对于该保护的申请，该缔约方应当：

(a)　　receive those applications for the protection of geographical indications without requiring intercession by a Party on behalf of its nationals;²³

　　（一）接受保护地理标志的申请，无需一缔约方代表其国民进行调解；²³

²²For the purposes of this Article, “administrative procedures” include quasi-judicial procedures.

²²就本条而言，“行政程序”包括准司法程序。

²³For greater certainty, a Party may require that an application for protection of a geographical indication originating in another Party include evidence indicating to the satisfaction of the former Party that the geographical indication is protected in that other Party.

²³为进一步明确，一缔约可以要求源自另一缔约方的地理标志保护申请需包括令前一缔约方满意的证据，该证据能表明该地理标志在该另一缔约方受保护。

(b)　　process those applications in compliance with reasonable procedures and formalities²⁴;

　　（二）按照合理的程序和手续²⁴处理该种申请；

²⁴The Parties understand that for the purposes of this subparagraph, reasonable procedures and formalities may be considered to be not overly burdensome procedures and formalities.

²⁴缔约方理解，就本项而言，合理的程序和手续可能被认为是不过于繁琐的程序和手续。

(c)　　ensure that its laws and regulations governing the protection of geographical indications are readily available to the public and clearly set out the procedures relating to the protection of geographical indications including procedures relating to the filing of applications;

　　（三）确保其关于保护地理标志的法律法规随时可供公众使用，并且明确规定与该地理标志保护相关的程序，包括与提交申请有关的程序；

(d)　　make available information to allow the public to obtain guidance concerning the procedures for filing applications for the protection of geographical indications, and allow an applicant or their representative to ascertain the status of specific applications; and

　　（四）提供信息，让公众获得与地理标志保护申请程序相关的指引，并且使申请人或其代表能确定具体申请的状态；以及

(e)　　ensure that such applications are published for opposition and provide procedures for opposing geographical indications that are the subject of applications.　Oppositions shall be received without requiring intercession by a Party on behalf of its nationals.

　　（五）确保公布该申请，以供提出异议，并且规定对申请的地理标志提出异议的程序。该异议的接受不要求一缔约方代表其国民进行调解。

2.　　With respect to the protection of a geographical indication referred to in paragraph 1, a Party shall provide procedures for cancellation²⁵ of the protection afforded to a geographical indication.

　　二、对于第一款提及的地理标志保护，一缔约方应当规定注销²⁵地理标志保护的程序。

²⁵For greater certainty, for the purposes of this Section, cancellation may be implemented through nullification or revocation proceedings.

²⁵为进一步明确，就本节而言，可以通过无效或撤销程序执行注销。

Article 11.31: Grounds for Opposition and Cancellation

第三十一条　异议和注销的理由

1.　　With respect to the opposition procedures referred to in subparagraph 1(e) of Article 11.30 (Domestic Administrative Procedures for the Protection of Geographical Indications), each Party shall provide procedures that allow at least interested persons to oppose the protection of a geographical indication, and that allow for any such protection to be refused at least on the ground that the geographical indication is a term customary in common language as the common name²⁶ for the relevant good in the territory of that Party.

　　一、关于第十一章第三十条（保护地理标志的国内行政程序）第一款第五项所提及的异议程序，每一缔约方应当规定至少允许利害关系人对地理标志保护提出异议的程序，以及至少以地理标志是通用语言中的惯用术语为该缔约方领土内相关该货物的通用名称²⁶而驳回此类保护。

²⁶Where a Party applies this Article to geographical indications for wines and spirits or applications for those geographical indications, the Parties understand that nothing in this Section shall require a Party to protect a geographical indication of any other Party with respect to products of the vine for which the relevant indication is identical with the customary name of a grape variety that exists in the territory of that Party.

²⁶当一缔约方将本条适用于葡萄酒和烈酒的地理标志或对这些地理标志的申请时，各方理解本节的任何规定不得要求一缔约方在其相关标志与该缔约方领土内存在的葡萄品种通用名称相同时，保护任何其他缔约方关于葡萄产品的地理标志。

2.　　If a Party provides protection of a geographical indication through the procedures referred to in Article 11.30 (Domestic Administrative Procedures for the Protection of Geographical Indications) to the translation or transliteration of that geographical indication, that Party shall make available at least the ground which is the same as that referred to in paragraph 1 with respect to oppositions to the protection of that translation or transliteration.²⁷

　　二、如一缔约方规定通过第十一章第三十条（保护地理标志的国内行政程序）所提及的程序为该地理标志的翻译或音译提供了地理标志保护，则该缔约方应当至少提供与第一款所提及的理由相同的反对保护该翻译或音译的理由。²⁷

²⁷A Party shall not be required to apply this paragraph to applications for geographical indications for wines and spirits.

²⁷一缔约方不得被要求将本款适用于葡萄酒和烈酒的地理标志申请。

3.　　With respect to the procedures referred to in paragraph 1, in determining whether a term is a term customary in common language as the common name for the relevant good in the territory of a Party, each Party shall ensure that its competent authorities have the authority to take into account how consumers understand the term within the territory of that Party.　Factors relevant to such consumer understanding may include:

　　三、对于本条第一款所提及的程序，在确定某一术语是否为一缔约方领土内相关货物通用名称时，每一缔约方应当确保其主管机关有权考虑消费者在该缔约方领土内对该术语的理解情况。与消费者的理解相关的因素可以包括：

(a)　　whether the term is used to refer to the type of good in question, as indicated by competent sources such as dictionaries, newspapers, and relevant websites; and

　　（一）该术语在例如词典、报纸及相关网站等可靠来源中是否用于指代所涉货物的类型；以及

(b)　　how the good referenced by the term is marketed and used in trade in the territory of that Party.²⁸

　　（二）该术语所指代的货物在该缔约方领土内的贸易中如何推广和使用。²⁸

²⁸For the purposes of this subparagraph, a Party’s authorities may take into account, as appropriate, whether the term is used in relevant international standards recognised by the Parties to refer to a type or class of good in the territory of that Party.

²⁸就本项而言，在适当的情况下，一缔约方的主管机关可以考虑，各缔约方认可的相关国际标准中是否使用该用语以指代该缔约方领土内的某一类型或某一种类的商品。

4.　　With respect to the cancellation procedure referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 11.30 (Domestic Administrative Procedures for the Protection of Geographical Indications), no Party shall preclude the possibility that the protection of a geographical indication may be cancelled, or otherwise cease, on the basis that the protected term has ceased meeting the conditions upon which the protection was originally granted in that Party.

　　四、对于第十一章第三十条第二款（保护地理标志的国内行政程序）所提及的注销程序，任何缔约方不得排除地理标志保护被注销或者停止的可能性，该注销或者停止基于该受保护的术语不再满足其最初在该缔约方获得保护的条件。

Article 11.32: Multi-Component Terms

第三十二条　复合用语

　　　With respect to the procedures referred to in Article 11.30 (Domestic Administrative Procedures for the Protection of Geographical Indications) and Article 11.31 (Grounds for Opposition and Cancellation), an individual component of a multi-component term that is protected as a geographical indication shall not be protected in a Party if that individual component is a term customary in the common language as the common name for the associated good in the territory of that Party.

　　对于第十一章第三十条（保护地理标志的国内行政程序）和第十一章第三十一条（异议和注销的理由）所提及的程序，如作为地理标志保护的复合用语的单独组成部分是以通用语文中的惯用术语作为该缔约方领土内相关货物通用名称的，则该单独组成部分不得在该缔约方受到保护。

Article 11.33: Date of Protection of a Geographical Indication

第三十三条　地理标志的保护日期

　　　The protection of a geographical indication through a Party’s domestic administrative procedures²⁹ referred to in Article 11.30 (Domestic Administrative Procedures for the Protection of Geographical Indications) shall commence no earlier than the filing date³⁰ of the application for the protection in that Party or the registration date in that Party, as applicable.

　　通过第十一章第三十条（保护地理标志的国内行政程序）所提及的一缔约方的国内行政程序²⁹对地理标志的保护，如适用，其开始日期不得早于该保护申请在该缔约方的提交日期³⁰或者在该缔约方的注册日期。

²⁹For the purposes of this Article, “administrative procedures” include quasi-judicial procedures.

²⁹就本条而言，“行政程序”包括准司法程序。

³⁰For greater certainty, where a Party protects a geographical indication through its trademark system, the filing date referred to in this Article includes, as applicable, the priority filing date under the Paris Convention.

³⁰为进一步明确，当一缔约方通过其商标制度保护地理标志时，本条中所提及的提交日期，如适用，包括《巴黎公约》项下的优先权的提交日期。

Article 11.34: Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications Pursuant to International Agreements

第三十四条　根据国际协定保护或承认地理标志

　　　If a Party protects or recognises a geographical indication pursuant to an international agreement involving a Party or a non-Party, and that agreement is concluded after the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party, and that geographical indication is not protected through the procedures referred to in Article 11.30 (Domestic Administrative Procedures for the Protection of Geographical Indications), that Party shall:

　　如一缔约方根据涉及另一缔约方或一非缔约方的国际协定来保护或承认一地理标志，并且该协定在本协定对该缔约方生效之日后缔结，而且该地理标志不通过第十一章第三十条（保护地理标志的国内行政程序）所提及的程序进行保护，该缔约方应当：

(a)　　make available to the public information concerning the procedures for protection or recognition of geographical indications, and if applicable, allow at least interested persons to ascertain the status of requests for protection or recognition;

　　（一）向公众公布与保护或认可地理标志有关的信息，以及如适用，允许至少是利害关系人确定保护或承认的请求的状态；

(b)　　ensure that those geographical indications that are being considered for protection or recognition are published for opposition, provide procedures for at least interested persons to oppose those geographical indications on the ground referred to in paragraph 1 of Article 11.31 (Grounds for Opposition and Cancellation), and apply Article 11.32 (Multi-Component Terms) with respect to those procedures; and

　　（二）确保公布正在考虑保护或承认的地理标志，以供提出异议，并且为至少是利害关系人提供异议程序，对于此类程序，异议的理由涉及第十一章第三十一条（异议和注销的理由）第一款，并且适用于第十一章第三十二条（复合用语），以及

(c)　　make available to the public details regarding the terms that the Party is considering protecting or recognising through an international agreement involving a Party or a non-Party.

　　（三）向公众公布该缔约方正在考虑通过一项涉及一缔约方或一非缔约方的国际协定来保护或承认的条款细节。

Article 11.35: Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications under Concluded International Agreements

第三十五条　根据已缔结的国际协定保护或承认地理标志

1.　　No Party shall be required to apply Article 11.34 (Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications Pursuant to International Agreements) to geographical indications that have been specifically identified in, and that are protected or recognised pursuant to, an international agreement involving a Party or a non- Party, provided that the agreement was concluded prior to the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party.

　　一、任何缔约方不得被要求将第十一章第三十四条（根据国际协定保护或承认地理标志）适用于在一涉及另一缔约方或一非缔约方的国际协定中已经明确认定，并且已经根据该协定被保护或承认的地理标志，只要该协定缔结的日期早于本协定对该缔约方生效的日期。

2.　　In respect of international agreements referred to in paragraph 1 that permit the protection or recognition of a new geographical indication, a Party shall:³¹

　　二、对于第一款所提及的允许保护或承认新地理标志的国际协定，一缔约方应当：³¹

³¹A Party may comply with this paragraph by complying with the obligations under Article 11.30 (Domestic Administrative Procedures for the Protection of Geographical Indications) and Article 11.31 (Grounds for Opposition and Cancellation).

³¹一缔约方可以通过遵守第十一章第三十条（保护地理标志的国内行政程序）和第十一章第三十一条（异议和注销的理由）项下的义务来遵守本款。

(a)　　apply subparagraph (c) of Article 11.34 (Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications Pursuant to International Agreements); and

　　（一）适用第十一章第三十四条（根据国际协定保护或承认地理标志）第三项；以及

(b)　　ensure an opportunity for at least interested persons to comment regarding the protection or recognition of the new geographical indication for a reasonable period of time before such a term is protected or recognised.

　　（二）在该用语获得保护或认可之前的合理期限内，确保至少给利害关系人提供机会对该新地理标志的保护或承认进行评论。

Section E
Patents

第五节　专利

Article 11.36: Patentable Subject Matter

第三十六条　可授予专利的客体

1.　　Subject to paragraphs 2 and 3, patents shall be available for any inventions, whether products or processes, in all fields of technology, provided that they are new, involve an inventive step, and are capable of industrial application³².　Subject to paragraph 3 and Section M (Transition Periods and Technical Assistance), patents shall be available and patent rights enjoyable without discrimination as to the place of invention, the field of technology, and whether products are imported or locally produced.

　　一、在符合第二款和第三款规定的前提下，每一缔约方应当规定所有技术领域的任何发明，无论产品还是方法，只要此类发明具有新颖性、包含创造性步骤并且能用于产业应用的³²，都可以获得专利。在遵循本条第三款以及第十三节（过渡期和技术援助）规定的情况下，每一缔约方应当规定专利是可获得的以及专利权是可享有的，不因发明地点、技术领域、产品是进口或当地生产而受到歧视。

³²For the purposes of this Section, “inventive step” and “capable of industrial application” may be deemed by a Party to be synonymous with "non-obvious" and "useful", respectively.

³²就本节而言，缔约方可以认为“创造性步骤”和“可供工业应用”分别与“非显而易见性”和“实用性”的含义相同。

2.　　A Party may exclude from patentability inventions, the prevention within its territory of the commercial exploitation of which is necessary to protect ordre public or morality, including to protect human, animal or plant life or health, or to avoid serious prejudice to the environment, provided that such exclusion is not made merely because the exploitation is prohibited by its laws and regulations.

　　二、一缔约方可以排除特定发明的可专利性，如在其领土内阻止这些发明的商业利用是为维护公共秩序或道德，包括保护人、动物或植物的生命或健康，或者避免对环境造成严重损害所必需的，只要此种排除不是仅仅因为此种利用被其法律法规所禁止。

3.　　A Party may also exclude from patentability:

　　三、一缔约方可以排除下列各项的可专利性：

(a)　　diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical methods for the treatment of humans or animals; and

　　（一）医治人或动物的诊断、治疗和外科手术方法；

(b)　　plants and animals other than micro-organisms, and essentially biological processes for the production of plants or animals other than non-biological and microbiological processes.

　　（二）除微生物外的植物和动物，以及除非生物学方法和微生物学方法外的生产植物或动物的主要生物学方法。

However, each Party shall provide for the protection of plant varieties either by patents or by an effective sui generis system or by any combination thereof.　The Parties shall review this subparagraph upon any amendment to subparagraph 3(b) of Article 27 of the TRIPS Agreement with a view to deciding whether to adopt a similar amendment to this subparagraph.

但是，每一缔约方应当规定通过专利或一种有效的专门制度或通过这两者的任何组合以保护植物品种。缔约方应当根据《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》的第二十七条第三款第（二）项做出的任何修订审议本项，以决定是否对本项采取类似的修正。

Article 11.37: Rights Conferred

第三十七条　授予的权利

1.　　Each Party shall provide that a patent shall confer on its owner the following exclusive rights:

　　一、每一缔约方应当规定一专利应当赋予其所有权人下列专有权：

(a)　　where the subject matter of a patent is a product, to prevent third parties not having the owner’s consent from the acts of making, using, offering for sale, selling, or importing³³ for these purposes that product; and

　　（一）如一专利的客体为产品，为阻止第三方未经所有权人同意而制造、使用、许诺销售、销售或为此类目的而进口³³该产品的行为；

³³This right, like all other rights conferred under this Chapter in respect of the use, sale, importation, or other distribution of goods, is subject to Article 11.6 (Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights).

³³本权利，同本章授予的其他所有关于商品的使用、销售、进口或其他分销的权利一样，遵循第十一章第六条（知识产权权利用尽）。

(b)　　where the subject matter of a patent is a process, to prevent third parties not having the owner’s consent from the act of using the process, and from the acts of using, offering for sale, selling, or importing for these purposes at least the product obtained directly by that process.

　　（二）如一专利的客体为方法，为阻止第三方未经所有权人同意而使用该方法的行为，以及防止使用、许诺销售、销售或为这些目的而进口至少是通过该方法直接获得的产品的行为。

2.　　Patent owners shall also have the right to assign, or transfer by succession, the patent and to conclude licensing contracts.

　　二、专利所有权人也应当有权转让或以继承方式转移其专利和订立许可合同。

Article 11.38: Exceptions to Rights Conferred

第三十八条　授予权利的例外

　　　A Party may provide limited exceptions to the exclusive rights conferred by a patent, provided that such exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with a normal exploitation of the patent and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the patent owner, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties.

　　一缔约方可以规定专利专有权的有限的例外，只要在顾及第三方合法利益的前提下，该例外不会不合理地与专利的正常利用相冲突，也不会不合理地损害专利所有人的合法权益。

Article 11.39: Other Use without Authorisation of the Right Holder

第三十九条　未经权利持有人授权的其他使用

　　　For greater certainty, nothing in this Agreement shall limit a Party’s rights and obligations under Article 31 and Article 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, and the Annex and Appendix to the Annex to the TRIPS Agreement.

　　为进一步明确，本协定中的任何内容不得限制一缔约方依据《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第三十一条和第三十一条之二以及其附件和附件的附录的权利和义务。

Article 11.40: Experimental Use of a Patent

第四十条　专利的实验性使用

　　　Without limiting Article 11.38 (Exceptions to Rights Conferred), each Party shall provide that any person may do an act that would otherwise infringe a patent if the act is done for experimental purposes³⁴ relating to the subject matter of a patented invention.

　　在不限制第十一章第三十八条（授予权利的例外）的情况下，每一缔约方应当规定，任何人可以出于与专利发明的客体有关的实验目的³⁴而作出在其他情况下可能侵犯一项专利的行为。

³⁴For greater certainty, each Party may determine, consistent with Article 11.38 (Exceptions to Rights Conferred), what acts fall within the meaning of “experimental purposes”.

³⁴为进一步明确，每一缔约方可以决定，在符合第十一章第三十八条（授予权利的例外）规定的前提下，何种行为属于“实验目的”。

Article 11.41: Procedural Aspects of Examination and Registration

第四十一条　审查、注册的程序事项

1.　　The Parties recognise the importance of improving the quality and efficiency of their respective patent systems as well as simplifying and streamlining the procedures and processes of their respective competent authorities for the benefit of all users of their respective patent systems and the public as a whole.

　　一、缔约方认识到提高各自专利制度的质量和效率以及简化和精简各自主管机关的程序的重要性，以造福于各自专利制度的所有使用者和全体公众。

2.　　Each Party shall provide a patent system, which includes:

　　二、每一缔约方应当规定一项专利制度，该制度包括：

(a)　　a requirement to provide to the applicant a communication in writing of the reasons for a refusal to grant a patent;

　　（一）向申请人提供一份有关驳回专利授权理由的书面通知的要求；

(b)　　an opportunity for the applicant to make amendments and observations in connection with their applications;³⁵

　　（二）提供一次对其专利申请进行修正和陈述意见的机会；³⁵

³⁵For the purposes of this subparagraph, the Parties understand that “amendments” may include corrections and “observations” may include explanations or responses to a finding on its application by the competent authority whether or not such response is given in conjunction with an amendment or correction to the application.

³⁵就本项而言，缔约方理解“修正”可以包括更正，“陈述意见”可以包括对主管机关就其申请作出的决定的解释或回复，不论该回复是否与该申请的修正或更正同时提出。

(c)　　an opportunity to do at least one of the following in relation to a patent before it has been granted:

　　（三）在专利获得授权之前，提供进行以下至少一项行为的机会：

(i)　file an opposition against the patent application; or

　　1．提交专利申请异议；或者

(ii)　provide the competent authority with information that could deny novelty or inventive step of an invention claimed in the patent application;

　　2．向主管机关提供可以否定专利申请中主张的新颖性和创造性步骤的信息；

(d)　　an opportunity to do at least one of the following in relation to a patent after it has been granted:

　　（四）在专利获得授权之后，提供进行以下至少一项行为的机会：

(i) 　oppose the grant;

　　1．对授权提出异议；

(ii)　seek revocation;

　　2．寻求撤销；

(iii)　seek cancellation; or

　　3．寻求注销；或者

(iv)　seek invalidation; and

　　4．寻求使该专利无效；以及

(e)　　a requirement that administrative decisions³⁶ in opposition, revocation, cancellation, or invalidation proceedings shall be reasoned and in writing.　Such decisions may be provided electronically.

　　（五）异议、撤销、注销或无效程序的行政决定³⁶应当说明理由并采取书面形式的要求。此类决定可以以电子方式提供。

³⁶For the purposes of this subparagraph, “administrative decisions” may include quasijudicial decisions.

³⁶就本项而言，“行政决定”可以包括准司法决定。

Article 11.42: Grace Period for Patents

第四十二条　专利宽限期

　　　The Parties recognise the benefits of patent grace periods to disregard certain public disclosures of inventions when determining if an invention is novel in order to support innovation.

　　缔约方认识到，在认定一项发明是否新颖以支持创新时，专利宽限期在不用考虑发明的特定方面公开披露信息的优势。

Article 11.43: Electronic Patent Application System

第四十三条　专利电子申请制度

　　　Each Party is encouraged to adopt an electronic patent application system so as to facilitate ease of application by patent applicants.

　　鼓励每一缔约方采用专利电子申请制度，以便利专利申请人申请。

Article 11.44: 18-Month Publication

第四十四条　18个月公布

1.　　Each Party shall publish any patent application promptly after the expiry of 18 months from its filing date or, if priority is claimed, from its earliest priority date, unless the application has been published earlier, or has been withdrawn, abandoned, or refused³⁷.

　　一、每一缔约方应当在专利申请提交日或者在主张优先权的情况下，在最早的优先权日起的18个月届满后，迅速公布任何专利申请，除非该申请已被提前公布或者已经被撤回、放弃或者驳回³⁷。

³⁷The Parties understand that, for the purposes of this Article, an application is withdrawn, abandoned, or refused in accordance with the respective Party’s laws and regulations.

³⁷缔约方理解，就本条而言，根据缔约方各自的法律和法规撤回，放弃或驳回申请。

2.　　If a pending application is not published promptly in accordance with paragraph 1, the Party shall publish that application or the corresponding patent as soon as practicable.

　　二、如一项未决申请未依照第一款的规定迅速公布，该缔约方应当尽快公布该申请或相应的专利。

3.　　Nothing in this Article shall be construed to require a Party to publish any information the disclosure of which it considers to be contrary to its national security or to public order or morality.

　　三、本条不得被解释为要求一缔约方公布其认为如披露则会有违其国家安全、公共秩序或道德的任何信息。

4.　　Each Party shall provide that the applicant may request the early publication of an application prior to the expiry of the period referred to in paragraph 1.

　　四、每一缔约方应当规定，申请人可以请求在第一款所提及的期限届满前提前公布申请。

Article 11.45: Information as Prior Art Made Available to the Public on the Internet

第四十五条　在互联网上向公众提供的在先技术的信息

　　　The Parties recognise that information made available to the public on the internet may form part of the prior art.

　　缔约方认识到在互联网上向公众提供的信息可以构成在先技术的一部分。

Article 11.46: Expedited Examination

第四十六条　快速审查

　　　Each Party shall endeavour to provide for domestic procedures for a patent applicant to request to expedite the examination of its patent application in accordance with that Party’s laws, regulations, and rules.

　　每一缔约方应当致力于规定专利申请人要求依照该缔约方的法律、法规和规章加速对其专利申请进行审查的国内程序。

Article 11.47: Introduction of International Patent Classification System

第四十七条　引入国际专利分类制度

　　　Each Party shall endeavour to use a patent classification system that is consistent with the Strasbourg Agreement Concerning the International Patent Classification done at Strasbourg on 24 March 1971, as amended from time to time.

　　每一缔约方应当致力于使用与1971年3月24日在斯特拉斯堡签订的《国际专利分类斯特拉斯堡协定》及其不时的修正相一致的专利分类制度。

Article 11.48: Protection of New Varieties of Plants³⁸

第四十八条　保护植物新品种³⁸

³⁸For greater certainty, with respect to the protection of plant varieties, subparagraph 3(b) of Article 11.36 (Patentable Subject Matter) is subject to this Article.

³⁸缔约方理解，就本条而言，根据缔约方各自的的法律和法规撤回，放弃或驳回申请。

　　　For greater certainty, with respect to the protection of plant varieties, subparagraph 3(b) of Article 11.36 (Patentable Subject Matter) is subject to this Article.

　　为进一步明确，对于植物品种的保护，第十一章第三十六条（可授予专利的客体）第三款第二项遵循本条。

Section F
Industrial Designs

第六节　工业设计

Article 11.49: Protection of Industrial Designs

第四十九条　工业设计的保护

1.　　Each Party shall provide for the protection of independently created industrial designs that are new or original.　A Party may provide that designs are not new or original if they do not significantly differ from known designs or combinations of known design features.　A Party may provide that such protection shall not extend to designs dictated essentially by technical or functional considerations.

　　一、每一缔约方应当对新的或原创的独立创作的工业设计提供保护。一缔约方可以规定，如果工业设计不能显著区别于已知的设计或已知设计特征的组合，则不属于新的或原创的设计。一缔约方可以规定此类保护不得延伸至主要出于技术或功能上的考虑而进行的设计。

2.　　Each Party shall ensure that requirements for securing protection for textile designs, in particular in regard to any cost, examination, or publication, do not unreasonably impair the opportunity to seek and obtain such protection.　Each Party shall be free to meet this obligation through industrial design law or through copyright law.

　　二、每一缔约方应当确保对纺织品设计进行保护的要求，特别是有关任何费用、审查或公布的要求，不得不合理地损害寻求和获得此种保护的机会。每一缔约方应当有权选择通过工业设计法或著作权法满足该项义务。

3.　　Each Party shall provide that the owner of a protected industrial design has the right to prevent third parties not having the owner’s consent from making, selling, or importing articles bearing or embodying a design which is a copy, or substantially a copy, of the protected design, when such acts are undertaken for commercial purposes.

　　三、每一缔约方应当规定，受保护的工业设计的所有权人有权阻止第三方未经所有权人同意，为商业目的，制作、销售或进口所载或所含设计属受保护设计的复制品或实质上属复制品的物品的行为。

4.　　Each Party may provide limited exceptions to the protection of industrial designs, provided that such exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with the normal exploitation of protected industrial designs and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the owner of the protected design, taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties.

　　四、每一缔约方可以对工业设计的保护规定有限的例外，只要此例外不会与受保护的工业设计的正常利用产生不合理的冲突，且不会不合理地损害受保护工业设计所有权人的合法权益，同时考虑到第三方的合法权益。

5.　　Each Party confirms that protection for industrial designs is available for designs:

　　五、每一缔约方确认下列设计可以获得工业设计保护：

(a)　　embodied in a part of an article; or, alternatively,

　　（一）体现在一个物品的一个部分上；或者，作为替代，

(b)　　having a particular regard, where appropriate, to a part of an article in the context of the article as a whole, in accordance with its laws and regulations.

　　（二）在适当的情况下，依照其法律法规，在物品作为整体的情况下，特别代表该物品的一部分。

Article 11.50: Information as Prior Art for Designs Made Available to the Public on the Internet³⁹

第五十条　在互联网上向公众提供设计的在先技术信息³⁹

³⁹For greater certainty, nothing in this Article shall require a Party to ensure that its administrative authorities conduct substantive examination of designs.

³⁹为进一步明确，本条中的任何规定不得要求一缔约方确保其行政机关对工业设计进行实质性审查。

　　　The Parties recognise that information made available to the public on the internet may form part of the prior art for designs.

　　缔约方认识到在互联网上向公众提供的信息可以构成工业设计在先技术的一部分。

Article 11.51: Registration or Grant and Applications of Industrial Designs

第五十一条　工业设计的注册或授权及申请

　　　Each Party shall provide a system for the registration or grant of industrial designs, which shall include:

　　每一缔约方应当规定工业设计注册制度，该制度应当包括：

(a)　　a requirement to provide to the applicant a communication in writing, which may be provided electronically, of the reasons for a refusal to register or grant an industrial design;

　　（一）向申请人提供一份驳回工业设计注册或授权理由的书面通知的要求，该书面通知可以以电子方式提供；

(b)　　an opportunity for the applicant to respond to communications from the Party’s competent authorities for industrial designs, and to contest, challenge, or appeal a refusal to register or grant an industrial design;

　　（二）向申请人提供对其主管机关的通知作出回复的机会，以及对一项工业设计的授予或驳回提出异议、挑战或上诉；

(c)　　an opportunity to seek cancellation or invalidation or revocation of a registration or grant; and

　　（三）撤销，无效或注销注册或授权的机会；以及

(d)　　a requirement that administrative decisions⁴⁰ in cancellation or invalidation or revocation proceedings shall be reasoned and in writing.　Such decisions may be provided electronically.

　　（四）撤销、无效、或注销程序的行政决定⁴⁰应当说明理由并采取书面形式的要求。此类决定可以以电子方式提供。

⁴⁰For the purposes of this subparagraph, “administrative decisions” may include quasijudicial decisions.

⁴⁰就本项而言，“行政决定”可以包括准司法决定。

Article 11.52: Introduction of International Classification System for Industrial Designs

第五十二条　引入国际工业设计分类制度

　　　Each Party shall endeavour to use a classification system for industrial designs that is consistent with the Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs signed at Locarno on 8 October 1968, as amended from time to time.

　　每一缔约方应当致力于使用工业设计分类制度，该制度与1968年10月8日在洛迦诺签订的《建立工业品外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定》及其不时的修正保持一致。

Section G
Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore⁴¹

第七节　遗传资源、传统知识和民间文学艺术⁴¹

⁴¹For greater certainty, this Section is without prejudice to the position of any Party on genetic resources, traditional knowledge, and folklore, including in any bilateral or multilateral negotiations through any fora, such as the WIPO Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore.

⁴¹为进一步明确，本节不损害任何缔约方在遗传资源、传统知识和民间文学艺术方面的立场，包括通过任何活动进行的任何双边或多边谈判中的立场，例如WIPO 知识产权与遗传资源、传统知识和民间文学艺术政府间委员会。

Article 11.53: Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore

第五十三条　遗传资源，传统知识和民间文学艺术

1.　　Subject to its international obligations, each Party may establish appropriate measures⁴² to protect genetic resources, traditional knowledge, and folklore.

　　一、在遵循其国际义务的前提下，每一缔约方可以制定适当的措施⁴²保护遗传资源、传统知识和民间文学艺术。

⁴²For greater certainty, the Parties understand that such “appropriate measures” are a matter for each Party to determine and may not necessarily involve its intellectual property system.

⁴²为进一步明确，缔约方理解，此类“适当措施”是每一缔约方需要确定的事项，不一定包括其知识产权制度。

2.　　Where a Party has disclosure requirements relating to the source or origin of genetic resources⁴³ as part of its patent system, that Party shall endeavour to make available its laws, regulations, and procedures with respect to such requirements, including on the internet where feasible, in such a manner as to enable interested persons and other Parties to become acquainted with them.

　　二、作为一缔约方专利制度的一部分，如该缔约方对遗传资源⁴³的来源或起源有披露要求，该缔约方应当努力使与此类要求相关的法律、法规和程序可获得，包括在可行的情况下通过互联网提供，以使利害关系人和其他缔约方能够了解这些要求。

⁴³The Parties recognise the fact that some Parties also require, if applicable, in their patent systems, evidence of prior informed consent and access and benefit sharing for genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge.

⁴³缔约方认识到，一些缔约方在其专利制度中，如适用，还要求提供事先知情同意的证据，以及遗传资源和相关传统知识的获取和利益分享。

3.　　Each Party shall endeavour to pursue quality patent examination, which may include:

　　三、每一缔约方应当致力于进行专利质量审查，可以包括：

(a)　　that when determining prior art, relevant publicly available documented information related to traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources may be taken into account;

　　（一）当确定在先技术时，可以考虑可公开获得的与遗传资源相关的传统知识的文献信息。

(b)　　an opportunity for third parties to cite, in writing, to the competent examining authority, prior art disclosures that may have a bearing on patentability, including prior art disclosures related to traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources; and

　　（二）第三方以书面形式向主管审查机关引用可能与可专利性有关的在先技术披露，包括与遗传资源相关的传统知识相关的在先技术披露的机会；以及

(c)　　if applicable and appropriate, the use of databases or digital libraries which contain relevant information on traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources.

　　（三）在适用和适当的情况下，使用与遗传资源相关的传统知识的数据库或数字图书馆。

Section H
Unfair Competition

第八节　不正当竞争

Article 11.54: Effective Protection against Unfair Competition

第五十四条　有效防范不正当竞争

　　　Each Party shall provide for effective protection against acts of unfair competition in accordance with the Paris Convention⁴⁴.

　　每一缔约方应当依照《巴黎公约》⁴⁴，规定对不正当竞争行为的有效防范。

⁴⁴For greater certainty, the Parties understand that Article 10bis of the Paris Convention covers acts of unfair competition in relation to the supply of goods and services, where relevant.

⁴⁴为进一步明确，缔约方理解，如相关，《巴黎公约》第十条之二涵盖与提供商品和服务有关的不正当竞争行为。

Article 11.55: Domain Names

第五十五条　域名

　　　In connection with its system for the management of its country code top-level domain (ccTLD) domain names and in accordance with its laws and regulations and, if applicable, relevant administrator policies regarding protection of privacy and personal data, each Party shall make the following available:

　　依据各自国家顶级域名（ccTLD）管理制度中的域名，根据其法律和法规，以及如适用，其有关保护隐私和个人数据的相关管理员政策，每一缔约方应当提供下列各项：

(a)　　an appropriate procedure for the settlement of disputes, based on, or modelled along the same lines as, the principles established in the Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy, as approved by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, or that:

　　（一）基于互联网名称与数字地址分配机构批准的《统一域名争议解决政策》中确立的原则或仿照该原则建立适当的争端解决程序，或者：

(i) is designed to resolve disputes expeditiously and at a reasonable cost;

　　1．旨在以迅速且合理的费用解决争端；

(ii) is fair and equitable;

　　2．公平合理的；

(iii) is not overly burdensome; and

　　3．不过度繁琐；以及

(iv) does not preclude resort to judicial proceedings; and

　　4．不排除诉诸司法程序的可能性；以及

(b)　　appropriate remedies⁴⁵, at least in cases in which a person registers or holds, with a bad faith intent to profit, a domain name that is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark.

　　（二）至少在有人以营利为目的恶意注册或持有一与商标相同或足以导致混淆的近似域名的情况下，提供适当的救济⁴⁵。

⁴⁵The Parties understand that such remedies may, but need not, include, among other things, revocation, cancellation, transfer, damages, or injunctive relief.

⁴⁵缔约方理解，除其他外，此类救济可以但不必包括撤销、注销、转让、损害赔偿或禁令救济。

Article 11.56: Protection of Undisclosed Information

第五十六条　未披露信息的保护

1.　　Each Party shall provide protection of undisclosed information in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 39 of the TRIPS Agreement.

　　一、每一缔约方应当根据《与贸易相关的知识产权协定》第三十九条第二款的规定对未披露的信息提供保护。

2.　　Further to paragraph 1, the Parties recognise the importance of protecting undisclosed information in relation to the objectives specified in paragraph 2 of Article 11.1 (Objectives).

　　二、对于第一款，缔约方认识到保护与第十一章第一条（目标）第二款所提及的目标相关的未披露信息的重要性。

Section I
Country Names

第九节　国名

Article 11.57: Country Names

第五十七条　国名的使用

　　　Each Party shall provide the legal means for interested persons to prevent commercial use of the country name of a Party in relation to a good in a manner that misleads consumers as to the origin of that good.

　　每一缔约方应当为利害关系人提供法律途径，防止以在货物原产地方面误导消费者的方式在货物上商业性地使用一缔约方的国名。

Section J
Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights

第十节　知识产权权利的实施

Subsection 1
General Obligations

第一小节　一般义务

Article 11.58: General Obligations

第五十八条　一般义务

1.　　Each Party shall ensure that enforcement procedures as specified in this Section are available under its laws and regulations so as to permit effective action against any act of infringement of intellectual property rights covered by this Chapter, including expeditious remedies to prevent infringements and remedies which constitute a deterrent to further infringements.　These procedures shall be applied in such a manner as to avoid the creation of barriers to legitimate trade and to provide for safeguards against their abuse.

　　一、 每一缔约方应当确保其法律法规中包括本节规定的执法程序，以便对任何侵犯本章所涵盖的知识产权权利的行为采取有效行动，包括阻止侵权的快速救济和阻遏进一步侵权的救济措施。这些程序的实施方式应当避免对合法贸易形成障碍并为防止此类程序滥用提供保障。

2.　　Procedures concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights shall be fair and equitable.　They shall not be unnecessarily complicated or costly, or entail unreasonable time-limits or unwarranted delays.

　　二、有关知识产权权利的实施程序应当公平和合理。这些程序不应不必要的复杂或成本过高，也不得设定不合理的时限或造成不合理的延迟。

3.　　In implementing this Section, each Party shall take into account the need for proportionality between the seriousness of the infringement of the intellectual property right and the applicable remedies and penalties, as well as, if applicable, the interests of third parties.

　　三、在实施本节时，每一缔约方应当考虑知识产权侵权行为的严重性与可适用的救济措施及惩罚措施之间比例适当，并且，如适用，考虑第三方利益。

4.　　The Parties understand that this Section does not create any obligation to put in place a judicial system for the enforcement of intellectual property rights distinct from that for the enforcement of law in general, nor does it affect the capacity of each Party to enforce its law in general.　Nothing in this Section shall create any obligation with respect to the distribution of resources as between enforcement of intellectual property rights and the enforcement of law in general.

　　四、缔约方理解本节未就知识产权建议本章统一为实施设定不同于一般法律执法的司法制度的义务，也不影响每一缔约方执行其一般法律的能力。本节未就知识产权执法与一般法律执法的资源分配方面设定任何义务。

5.　　In civil proceedings involving copyright of authors, each Party shall provide for a presumption⁴⁶ that, in the absence of proof to the contrary, the person whose name is indicated in the usual manner as the author of the work is the author of the work.　The obligation contained in the preceding sentence shall apply to criminal and administrative proceedings if applicable in a Party’s laws and regulations.

　　五、在涉及作者著作权的民事诉讼中，每一缔约方应当规定，如无相反证据，则推定⁴⁶以通常方式署名为作品作者的人是作品的作者。如适用，前一句包含的上述义务应当适用于一缔约方的国内法律法规的刑事和行政程序。

⁴⁶For greater certainty, a Party may implement this paragraph on the basis of sworn statements or documents having evidentiary value, such as statutory declarations.　A Party may also provide that these presumptions are rebuttable presumptions that may be rebutted by evidence to the contrary.

⁴⁶为进一步明确，一缔约方可以基于誓词或具有证据价值的文件，例如法定声明，实施本款。一缔约方还可以规定，这些推定是可以用相反证据予以反驳的可反驳推定。

Subsection 2
Civil Remedies⁴⁷

第二小节　民事救济⁴⁷

⁴⁷A Party may comply with the obligations under this Subsection to provide civil judicial procedures concerning the enforcement of geographical indications in accordance with footnote 4 of Article 23 of the TRIPS Agreement.

⁴⁷一缔约方可以根据《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第二十三条脚注四规定与地理标志的实施有关的民事司法程序来履行本小节项下的义务。

Article 11.59: Fair and Equitable Procedures

第五十九条　公平和合理的程序

1.　　Each Party shall make available to right holders⁴⁸ civil judicial procedures concerning the enforcement of any intellectual property right covered by this Chapter.　Defendants shall have the right to written notice which is timely and contains sufficient detail, including the basis of the claims.　All parties to the procedures shall be allowed to be represented by independent legal counsel, and procedures shall not impose overly burdensome requirements concerning mandatory personal appearances.　All parties to such procedures shall be duly entitled to substantiate their claims and to present all relevant evidence.　The procedures shall provide a means to identify and protect confidential information, unless this would be contrary to the Party’s constitutional requirements.

　　每一缔约方应当使权利持有人⁴⁸可获得有关执行本章涵盖的任何知识产权权利的民事司法程序。被告应当有权获得及时的和包含足够细节的书面通知，包括权利请求的根据。应当允许程序的所有当事方由独立的法律顾问代表，并且程序不得施加强制本人出庭的繁重要求。此类程序的所有当事方应当有权证明其权利请求并提供所有相关证据。该程序应当规定一种确认和保护机密信息的方法，除非这会违背该缔约方的宪法性要求。

⁴⁸For the purposes of this Article, “right holder” includes federations and associations that have legal standing to assert such rights.

⁴⁸就本条而言，“权利持有人”包括具有维护此类权利的法律地位的联合会和协会。

2.　　Each Party may permit the use of alternative dispute resolution procedures to resolve civil disputes concerning intellectual property rights.

　　二、每一缔约方均可以允许使用替代性争端解决程序解决与知识产权权利有关的民事争端。

Article 11.60: Damages

第六十条　损害赔偿

1.　　Each Party shall provide⁴⁹ that in civil judicial proceedings concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights, its judicial authorities have the authority to order the infringer to pay the right holder damages adequate to compensate for the injury the right holder has suffered because of an infringement of that right holder’s intellectual property right by an infringer who knowingly, or with reasonable grounds to know, engaged in infringing activity.

　　一、每一缔约方应当规定⁴⁹，在关于知识产权权利实施的民事司法程序中，其司法机关有权责令明知或有合理理由知道自己从事侵权活动的侵权人向权利持有人支付足以补偿其因知识产权权利侵权行为所受损害的赔偿金。

⁴⁹A Party may also provide that the right holder may not be entitled to any of the remedies set out in paragraphs 1 and 3 if there is a finding of non-use of a trademark.　For greater certainty, there is no obligation for a Party to provide for the possibility of any of the remedies in paragraphs 1 and 3 to be ordered in parallel.

⁴⁹一缔约方还可以规定，如发现未使用商标，权利持有人可能无权享有第一款和第三款规定的任何救济。为进一步明确，缔约方没有义务规定第一款和第三款中的任何救济措施并用的可能性。

2.　　In determining the amount of damages referred to in paragraph 1, a Party’s judicial authorities shall have the authority to consider, among other things, any legitimate measure of value the right holder submits.⁵⁰

　　二、在确定第一款的赔偿金额时，除了其他因素，一缔约方的司法机关有权考虑权利持有人提出的任何合法的价值评估。⁵⁰

⁵⁰For greater certainty, a Party’s judicial authorities may have the authority to consider the value of the infringed goods or services measured by their market price, in determining the amount of damages, where appropriate.

⁵⁰为进一步明确，在适当的情况下，一缔约方的司法机关可以在确定损害赔偿额时，考虑以市场价格衡量被侵权商品或服务的价值。

3.　　In cases of infringement of copyright or related rights and trademark counterfeiting, the judicial authorities shall have the authority to order the infringer who knowingly, or with reasonable grounds to know, engaged in infringing activity to pay the right holder the infringer’s profits that are attributable to the infringement.⁵¹

　　三、在著作权侵权或相关权利侵权和假冒商标案件中，司法机关有权责令明知或有合理理由知道自己从事侵权活动的侵权人向权利持有人支付因侵权获得的利润。⁵¹

⁵¹A Party may comply with this paragraph through presuming those profits to be the damages referred to in paragraph 1.

⁵¹一缔约方可以通过将该利润推定为第一款所指的损害赔偿来履行本款规定的义务。

Article 11.61: Court Costs and Fees

第六十一条　诉讼费用和律师费

　　　Each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities, where appropriate, have the authority to order⁵², at the conclusion of civil judicial proceedings concerning the infringement of at least copyright or related rights and trademarks, that the prevailing party is awarded payment by the losing party of court costs or fees and appropriate attorney’s fees, or any other expenses as provided for under that Party’s law.

　　每一缔约方应当规定，至少在侵犯著作权或相关权利和商标权的民事司法程序结束时，其司法机关在适当的情况下有权判令⁵²败诉方向胜诉方支付诉讼成本或费用和合理的律师费，或该缔约方法律规定的任何其他费用。

⁵²The judicial authorities of a Party may have the authority to make such orders through separate proceedings after the conclusion of the civil judicial proceedings.

⁵²一缔约方的司法机关在民事司法程序结束后，有权通过单独的程序作出此类裁定。

Article 11.62: Destroying Infringing Goods and Materials and Implements

第六十二条　销毁侵权货物、材料和工具

1.　　Each Party shall provide that in civil judicial procedures its judicial authorities have the authority at least at the right holder’s request, to order that pirated copyright goods and counterfeit trademark goods be destroyed, except in exceptional circumstances, without compensation of any sort.⁵³

　　一、每一缔约方应当规定，在民事司法程序中，至少在权利持有人提出请求时，其司法机关有权责令销毁盗版货物和假冒商标货物，除非例外情况，不作任何补偿。⁵³

⁵³For greater certainty, the Parties understand that while judicial authorities have the authority to order the destruction of the goods, they may also have the authority to order, without compensation of any sort, the disposal of such goods outside the channels of commerce in such a manner as to avoid any harm caused to right holders, instead of destruction.

⁵³为进一步明确，缔约方理解，虽然司法机关有权责令销毁商品，但他们也有权责令在商业渠道以外处置此类商品而不作销毁，且不作任何补偿，以避免对权利持有人造成任何损害。

2.　　Each Party shall further provide that in civil judicial procedures its judicial authorities have the authority to order that materials and implements, the predominant use of which has been in the creation of such infringing goods, be, without compensation of any sort, disposed⁵⁴ of outside the channels of commerce in such a manner as to minimise the risks of further infringements.

　　二、每一缔约方应当进一步规定，在民事司法程序中其司法机关有权在不作任何补偿的前提下，责令将主要用于制造此种侵权货物的材料和工具清除⁵⁴出商业渠道，以此尽可能降低进一步侵权的风险。

⁵⁴For greater certainty, the Parties understand that while judicial authorities have the authority to order the disposal of the materials and implements, they may also have the authority to order, without compensation of any sort, the destruction of such materials and implements instead of disposal.

⁵⁴为进一步明确，缔约方理解，虽然司法机关有权责令处置这些材料和工具，但他们也有权责令销毁这些材料和工具，而不作任何补偿。

3.　　In regard to counterfeit trademark goods, the simple removal of the trademark unlawfully affixed shall not be sufficient, other than in exceptional cases, to permit the release of goods into the channels of commerce.

　　三、就假冒商标货物而言，除非例外情况，仅简单移除非法加贴的商标不足以允许将该货物放行进入商业渠道。

Article 11.63: Confidential Information in Civil Judicial Proceedings

第六十三条　民事司法程序中的机密信息

　　　Each Party shall provide that in civil judicial proceedings concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights, its judicial authorities have the authority to impose penalties on parties to the proceeding, their counsel, experts, or other persons subject to the court’s jurisdiction, for violation of judicial orders⁵⁵ regarding the protection of confidential information produced or exchanged in that proceeding.

　　每一缔约方应当规定，在涉及知识产权权利实施的民事司法程序中，对违反关于保护该程序中产生或交换的机密信息的司法命令⁵⁵的程序当事方、当事方法律顾问、专家或受法院管辖的人，司法机关有权对其进行处罚。

⁵⁵For greater certainty, for the purposes of this Article, the Parties understand that a Party’s law may use an alternative term to “judicial orders” such as “court orders”.

⁵⁵为进一步明确，就本条而言，缔约方理解一缔约方的法律可以使用“司法裁定”的替代术语，例如“法院裁定”。

Article 11.64: Provisional Measures

第六十四条　临时措施

1.　　In civil judicial proceedings concerning trademark counterfeiting, each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to adopt provisional measures to order the seizure, or other taking into custody, of suspected infringing goods and both of the following:

　　一、在关于商标假冒的民事司法程序中，每一缔约方应当规定，其司法机关有权采取临时措施责令扣押涉嫌侵权货物，或以其他方式扣押涉嫌侵权货物，以及以下两者：

(a)　　materials and implements predominantly used in the act of alleged infringement; and

　　（一）主要用于被指控侵权行为的材料和工具；以及

(b)　　documentary evidence relevant to the alleged infringement.

　　（二）与被指控的侵权有关的书面证明。

2.　　In civil judicial proceedings concerning the infringement of copyright or related rights, each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to adopt provisional measures to order the seizure, or other taking into custody, of suspected infringing goods and at least one of the following:

　　二、在关于著作权或相关权利侵权的民事诉讼中，每一缔约方应当规定，其司法机关有权采取临时措施责令扣押涉嫌侵权货物或以其它方式扣押涉嫌侵权货物，以及至少以下一项：

(a)　　materials and implements predominantly used in the act of alleged infringement; and

　　（一）主要用于被指控侵权行为的材料和工具；或

(b)　　documentary evidence relevant to the alleged infringement.

　　（二）与被指控的侵权有关的书面证明。

3.　　Each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to adopt provisional measures inaudita altera parte where appropriate, in particular where any delay is likely to cause irreparable harm to the right holder or where there is a demonstrable risk of evidence being destroyed.

　　三、每一缔约方应当规定，其司法机关有权在适当时采取不作预先通知的临时措施，特别是当任何迟延可能对权利持有人造成难以弥补的损害，或当有证据被销毁的明显风险。

4.　　Each Party shall provide that its judicial authorities have the authority to require an applicant, with respect to provisional measures, to provide any reasonably available evidence in order to satisfy the judicial authority with a sufficient degree of certainty that the applicant is the right holder and that the applicant’s right is being infringed or that such infringement is imminent, and to order the applicant to provide a security or equivalent assurance sufficient to protect the defendant and to prevent abuse, and so as not to unreasonably deter recourse to procedures for such provisional measures.

　　四、每一缔约方应当规定，其司法机关有权要求一申请人就临时措施提供任何可合理地获得的证据，使司法机关充分确定申请人是权利持有人，以及申请人的权利正在受到侵犯或即将受到侵犯，并责令申请人提供足以保护被告和防止滥用的保证金或同等的担保，并避免不合理的阻碍诉诸该等临时措施程序。

5.　　For greater certainty, the Parties understand that provisional measures shall be implemented in accordance with paragraphs 4 through 8 of Article 50 of the TRIPS Agreement.

　　五、为进一步明确，缔约方理解临时措施应当根据《与贸易相关的知识产权协定》第五十条第四款至第八款实施。

Subsection 3
Border Measures

第三小节　边境措施

Article 11.65: Suspension of the Release of Suspected Pirated Copyright Goods or Counterfeit Trademark Goods by Right Holder’s Application

第六十五条　依权利人申请中止放行涉嫌盗版货物或假冒商标货物

1.　　Each Party shall adopt or maintain procedures⁵⁶ with respect to import shipments under which a right holder, who has valid grounds for suspecting that the importation of pirated copyright goods or counterfeit trademark goods may take place, may lodge an application with the Party’s competent authorities to suspend the release of the suspected pirated copyright goods or counterfeit trademark goods⁵⁷ in accordance with Article 51 of the TRIPS Agreement.

　　一、每一缔约方应当设立或维持有关进口装运的程序⁵⁶，权利持有人如有正当理由怀疑可能存在盗版货物或假冒商标货物进口，可以根据《与贸易相关的知识产权协定》第五十一条，向该缔约方主管机关提出中止放行涉嫌盗版货物或假冒商标货物⁵⁷的申请。

⁵⁶The Parties understand that there shall be no obligation to apply such procedures to imports of goods put on the market in another Party or non-Party by or with the consent of the right holder, or to goods in transit.

⁵⁶缔约方理解，其没有义务对权利持有人或经权利持有人同意在另一缔约方或非缔约方市场上投放的进口商品或过境商品适用此类程序。

⁵⁷For the purposes of Subsection 1 (General Obligations), Subsection 2 (Civil Remedies), Subsection 3 (Border Measures), and Subsection 4 (Criminal Remedies):

⁵⁷就第一小节（一般义务）、第二小节（民事救济）、第三小节（边境措施）和第四小节（刑事救济）而言：

(a)　“counterfeit trademark goods” means any goods, including packaging, bearing without authorisation a trademark that is identical to a trademark validly registered in respect of such goods, or that cannot be distinguished in its essential aspects from such a trademark, and that thereby infringes the rights of the owner of the trademark in question under the laws and regulations of the Party providing procedures under those Subsections; and

　　（一）“假冒商标商品”是指未经授权而带有与此类商品有效注册的商标相同的商标，或者在本质上不能与此类商标进行区分的任何商品，包括包装，上述商标侵犯了所涉商标的所有人根据此类小节中缔约方法律和法规提供的程序所享有的权利；以及

(b)　“pirated copyright goods” means any goods that are copies made without the consent of the right holder or person duly authorised by the right holder in the country of production and that are made directly or indirectly from an article where the making of that copy would have constituted an infringement of a copyright or a related right under the law of the Party providing procedures under those Subsections.

　　（二）“盗版商品”是指未经权利持有人或生产国权利持有人正式授权的人同意而复制的任何商品，以及直接或间接地从一件物品中复制的商品，且根据此类小节中缔约方法律和法规提供的程序，复制该物品将构成对著作权或相关权利的侵权。

2.　　For the purposes of this Subsection, “competent authorities” may include the appropriate judicial, administrative, or law enforcement authorities under a Party’s laws and regulations.

　　二、就本节而言，“主管部门”可以包括一缔约方法律法规规定的适当的司法、行政或执法机关。

Article 11.66: Applications for Suspension or Detention

第六十六条　申请中止或扣押

　　　Each Party shall endeavour to provide that an accepted application⁵⁸ for suspension or detention remains in force for an appropriate period with a view to minimising the administrative burden on right holders.

　　每一缔约方应当致力于规定，已接受的中止或扣押申请⁵⁸在适当期限内继续有效，以期将权利持有人的行政负担减少到最低限度。

⁵⁸For the purposes of this Subsection, a Party may treat “application” as meaning “recordation”.

⁵⁸就本小节而言，一缔约方可以将“申请”等同于“备案”。

Article 11.67: Security or Equivalent Assurance

第六十七条　保证金或同等的担保

　　　Each Party shall provide that its competent authorities shall have the authority to require a right holder initiating procedures referred to in Article 11.65 (Suspension of the Release of Suspected Pirated Copyright Goods or Counterfeit Trademark Goods by Right Holder’s Application) to provide a security or equivalent assurance sufficient to protect the defendant and the competent authorities and to prevent abuse.　Each Party shall provide that the security or equivalent assurance shall not unreasonably deter recourse to these procedures.

　　每一缔约方应当规定，其主管机关有权要求权利人启动第十一章第六十五条（依权利人申请中止放行涉嫌盗版货物或假冒商标货物）中所述的程序，以提供足以保护被告和主管机关并防止滥用的保证金或同等担保。每一缔约方应当规定，保证金或同等的担保不得不合理的阻碍诉诸这些程序。

Article 11.68: Information Provided by Competent Authorities to Right Holders

第六十八条　主管机关向权利持有人提供的信息

　　　Without prejudice to a Party’s laws and regulations pertaining to the confidentiality of information, where its competent authorities have detained or suspended the release of goods that are suspected of being pirated copyright goods or counterfeit trademark goods, that Party may provide that its competent authorities have the authority to inform the right holder of the name and address of the consignor, importer, or consignee; a description of the goods; the quantity of the goods; and, if known, the country of origin of the goods.

　　在不损害一缔约方关于信息保密的法律法规的前提下，如果其主管机关扣押或中止放行涉嫌侵权的盗版货物或假冒商标货物，该缔约方可以规定，其主管机关有权将发货人、进口商或收货人的名称和地址、货物的描述、货物的数量，以及，如已知，货物的原产地，告知权利持有人。

Article 11.69: Suspension of the Release of Suspected Pirated Copyright Goods or Counterfeit Trademark Goods by Ex Officio Action

第六十九条　依职权中止放行涉嫌盗版货物或假冒商标货物

1.　　Each Party shall adopt or maintain procedures with respect to import shipments under which its competent authorities may act upon their own initiative to suspend the release of suspected⁵⁹ pirated copyright goods or counterfeit trademark goods.　Each Party shall provide that where its competent authorities act upon their own initiative, the importer and the right holder shall be promptly notified of the suspension.

　　一、每一缔约方应当设立或维持关于进口装运的程序，使其主管机关可以根据该程序自行采取行动，中止放行涉嫌⁵⁹盗版货物或假冒商标货物。每一缔约方应当规定，如其主管机关自行采取行动，进口商和权利持有人应当被迅速通知该中止放行。

⁵⁹A Party may comply with this obligation on the basis that its competent authorities have reasonable cause to believe that the goods are pirated copyright goods or counterfeit trademark goods.

⁵⁹一缔约方可以在其主管部门有合理理由相信商品是盗版商品或假冒商标商品的基础上履行这一义务。

2.　　A Party may adopt or maintain procedures with respect to export shipments under which its competent authorities may act upon their own initiative to suspend the release of suspected pirated copyright goods or counterfeit trademark goods.　That Party shall provide that where its competent authorities act upon their own initiative, the exporter and the right holder shall be promptly notified of the suspension.

　　二、一缔约方可以设立或维持关于出口装运的程序，使其主管机关可以根据该程序自行决定中止放行涉嫌盗版货物或假冒商标货物。该缔约方应当规定，如其主管机关自行采取行动，出口商和权利持有人应当被迅速通知该中止放行。

3.　　Each Party shall only exempt both public authorities and officials from liability to appropriate remedial measures where actions are taken or intended in good faith.

　　三、每一缔约方只应当在采取或打算采取善意行动的情况下，免除公共机关和官员对适当补救措施的责任。

Article 11.70: Information Provided by Right Holders to Competent Authorities in Case of Ex Officio Action

第七十条　权利持有人在依职权采取行动的情况下向主管机关提供的信息

　　　Each Party shall provide that its competent authorities shall have the authority, where they act on their own initiative, to request a right holder to supply relevant information to assist the competent authorities in taking the border measures referred to in this Subsection.　A Party may also allow a right holder to supply relevant information to its competent authorities.

　　每一缔约方应当规定，其主管部门有权自行采取行动，要求权利持有人提供相关信息，以协助主管部门采取本小节所指的边境措施。一缔约方也可以允许权利持有人向其主管部门提供相关信息。

Article 11.71: Infringement Determination within Reasonable Period by Competent Authorities⁶⁰

第七十一条　主管机关在合理期限内作出侵权认定⁶⁰

⁶⁰A Party may comply with the obligation under this Article with respect to a determination that suspected goods under Article 11.69 (Suspension of the Release of Suspected Pirated Copyright Goods or Counterfeit Trademark Goods by Ex Officio Action) infringe an intellectual property right through a determination that the suspected goods bear a false trade description.

⁶⁰一缔约方可以通过确定涉嫌商品带有虚假商品说明，根据第十一章第六十九条（依职权中止放行涉嫌盗版商品或假冒商标商品）的规定确定涉嫌商品侵犯知识产权权利遵守本条规定的义务。

　　　Each Party shall adopt or maintain procedures under which its competent authorities may determine, within a reasonable period after the initiation of the procedures described in Article 11.65 (Suspension of the Release of Suspected Pirated Copyright Goods or Counterfeit Trademark Goods by Right Holder’s Application) and Article 11.69 (Suspension of the Release of Suspected Pirated Copyright Goods or Counterfeit Trademark Goods by Ex Officio Action), whether suspected pirated copyright goods or counterfeit trademark goods are infringing intellectual property rights.

　　每一缔约方应当采取或维持一程序，通过此程序其主管机关可在启动第十一章第六十五条（依权利人申请中止放行涉嫌盗版货物或假冒商标货物）和第十一章第六十九条（依职权中止放行涉嫌盗版货物或假冒商标货物）所述程序后的合理期限内认定涉嫌盗版货物或假冒商标货物是否侵犯知识产权权利。

Article 11.72: Destruction Order by Competent Authorities

第七十二条　主管机关的销毁令

　　　Each Party shall provide that, without prejudice to other rights of action open to the right holder and subject to the right of the defendant to seek review by a judicial authority, its competent authorities shall have the authority to order the destruction and the authority to order the disposal of goods that are determined to be pirated copyright goods or counterfeit trademark goods.　In cases where such goods are not destroyed, each Party shall ensure that, except in exceptional circumstances, such goods are disposed of outside the channels of commerce in such a manner as to avoid any harm to the right holder.　In regard to counterfeit trademark goods, the simple removal of the trademark unlawfully affixed shall not be sufficient, other than in exceptional cases, to permit the release of the goods into the channels of commerce.

　　每一缔约方应当规定，在不损害权利持有人可采取的其他诉讼权利并在遵守被告有权向司法机关请求审查的情况下，其主管部门有权下令销毁并处置被认定为盗版货物或假冒商标货物的货物。在这些货物未被销毁的情况下，除特殊情况外，每一缔约方应当确保这些货物在商业渠道外以避免对权利持有人造成任何损害的方式处置。对于假冒商标货物，除例外情况外，仅简单移除非法加贴的商标不足以允许该货物进入商业渠道。

Article 11.73: Fees

第七十三条　费用

　　　Where an application fee, merchandise storage fee, or destruction fee is established or assessed in connection with border measures to enforce an intellectual property right, each Party shall provide that the fee shall not be set at an amount that unreasonably deters recourse to these measures.

　　在设立或确定与执行知识产权权利的边境措施有关的申请费、储存费或销毁费时，每一缔约方应当规定此类费用设定的数额不得不合理地妨碍诉诸此类程序。

Subsection 4
Criminal Remedies

第四小节　刑事救济

Article 11.74: Criminal Procedures and Penalties

第七十四条　刑事程序和处罚

1.　　Each Party shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied at least in cases of wilful copyright or related rights piracy or trademark counterfeiting on a commercial scale.⁶¹

　　一、每一缔约方应当规定至少对具有商业规模的故意的著作权或相关权利盗版或商标侵权的情况适用刑事程序和刑罚。⁶¹

⁶¹For the purposes of the application of this Article, paragraph 1 shall not prevent a Party from determining the scope of application of criminal procedures and penalties in case of wilful related rights piracy on a commercial scale, in accordance with its laws and regulations.

⁶¹就本条的适用而言，第一款不得阻止一缔约方根据其法律法规认定对具有商业规模的故意侵犯相关权利的盗版行为的刑事诉讼和处罚的适用范围。

2.　　Each Party shall treat wilful importation of pirated copyright goods or counterfeit trademark goods on a commercial scale as unlawful activities subject to the criminal procedures and penalties referred to in paragraph 1.　A Party may comply with its obligation relating to importation under this Article by providing that distribution or sale of such goods on a commercial scale is an unlawful activity subject to criminal penalties.

　　二、每一缔约方应当将具有商业规模的故意进口盗版货物或假冒商标货物视为非法行为，适用第一款所指的刑事程序和处罚。一缔约方可以通过规定以商业规模分销或销售该货物为应受刑事处罚的违法行为，来履行本条项下关于进口的义务。

3.　　With respect to the offences described in paragraphs 1 and 2, each Party shall provide for the following:

　　三、对于第一款和第二款所述的违法行为，每一缔约方应当规定下列内容：

(a)　　penalties that include sentences of imprisonment as well as monetary fines sufficient to provide a deterrent consistent with the level of penalties applied for crimes of a corresponding gravity;⁶²

　　（一）刑事处罚包括与适用于同等严重程度犯罪的刑罚水平的威慑力相一致的有期徒刑和罚金；⁶²

⁶²Nothing in this Article shall be construed to oblige a Party to provide for the possibility of imprisonment and monetary fines to be imposed in parallel.

⁶²本条任何规定不得被解释为一缔约方规定同时处以有期徒刑和罚款的可能性。

(b)　　its judicial authorities have the authority to order the seizure⁶³ of suspected pirated copyright goods or counterfeit trademark goods, related materials and implements predominantly used in the commission of the offence, and documentary evidence relevant to the alleged offence; and

　　（二）其司法机关有权责令扣押⁶³涉嫌盗版货物和假冒商标货物，主要用于实施犯罪的相关材料和工具以及与被指控的罪行有关的书面证据；以及

⁶³A Party may comply with its obligations under this subparagraph, with respect to pretrial seizure, by providing its criminal enforcement authorities with the authority to order such seizures.

⁶³对于诉前扣押，一缔约方可以通过赋予其刑事执法机关责令扣押的权力来遵守本项规定项下的义务。

(c)　　its judicial authorities have the authority to order, without compensation of any kind for the defendant, the forfeiture or destruction of:

　　（三）其司法机关有权在不给予被告任何补偿的情况下责令没收或销毁下列货物：

(i)　pirated copyright goods or counterfeit trademark goods;

　　1．盗版货物或假冒商标货物；

(ii)　materials and implements that have been predominantly used in the creation of pirated copyright goods or counterfeit trademark goods; and

　　2．主要用于制造盗版货物或者假冒商标货物的材料和工具；以及

(iii)　any other labels or packaging to which a counterfeit trademark has been applied and that have been used in the commission of the offence.

　　3．用于实施犯罪的任何其他使用假冒商标的标签或包装。

4.　　Recognising the need to address the unauthorised copying⁶⁴ of a cinematographic work on a commercial scale from a performance in a movie theatre, which causes significant harm to a right holder harm, each Party shall adopt or maintain measures, which shall at a minimum include appropriate criminal procedures and penalties.⁶⁵

　　四、认识到有必要解决未经授权以商业规模从电影院放映中复制⁶⁴电影作品，从而在市场上对该作品的权利持有人造成重大损害的问题，并认识到阻止该种损害的必要，每一缔约方应当采取或维持措施，其中应当至少包括适当的刑事程序和刑事处罚。⁶⁵

⁶⁴For the purposes of this paragraph, a Party may treat “copying” as synonymous with “reproduction”.

⁶⁴就本款而言，一缔约方可以将“复制（copy）”视为“复制（reproduce）”的同义词。

⁶⁵For the purposes of this paragraph, a Party may determine specific criminal thresholds for unauthorised copying of a cinematographic work in accordance with its laws and regulations.

⁶⁵就本款而言，一缔约方可以依照其国内法律法规，确定未经授权复制的电影作品的具体犯罪门槛。

Subsection 5
Enforcement in the Digital Environment

第五小节　数字环境下的执法

Article 11.75: Effective Action against Infringement in the Digital Environment

第七十五条　数字环境反侵权的有效行动

　　　Each Party confirms that the enforcement procedures set out in Subsection 2 (Civil Remedies) and Subsection 4 (Criminal Remedies) shall be available to the same extent with respect to acts of infringement of copyright or related rights and trademarks, in the digital environment.

　　每一缔约方确认，第二小节（民事救济）和第四小节（刑事救济）规定的实施程序应当在相同的范围内适用于数字环境中侵犯著作权或相关权利以及商标的行为。

Section K
Cooperation and Consultation

第十一节　合作与磋商

Article 11.76: Cooperation and Dialogue

第七十六条　合作和对话

1.　　The Parties recognise the importance of the utilisation and protection of intellectual property and enforcement of intellectual property rights in further promoting trade and investment among the Parties.

　　一、 缔约方认识到利用保护知识产权和实施知识产权权利对进一步促进缔约方之间贸易和投资的重要性。

2.　　The Parties acknowledge the significant differences in capacity between some Parties in the area of intellectual property.

　　二、缔约方认识到部分缔约方在知识产权领域的能力存在重大差异。

3.　　To facilitate the effective implementation of this Chapter, each Party shall cooperate with other Parties in the area of intellectual property, and engage in dialogue and information exchange on intellectual property issues.

　　三、为促进本章的有效实施，每一缔约方应当在知识产权领域与其他缔约方开展合作，并就知识产权问题开展对话和信息交流。

4.　　The Parties shall endeavour to cooperate in order to promote education and awareness regarding the effective utilisation and protection of intellectual property and enforcement of intellectual property rights.

　　四、缔约方应当努力合作，以促进关于有效利用和保护知识产权以及知识产权权利实施方面的教育和认识。

5.　　The Parties shall cooperate on border measures with a view to eliminating international trade in goods that infringe intellectual property rights.

　　五、缔约方应当就边境措施开展合作，以期消除侵犯知识产权权利的国际货物贸易。

6.　　The Parties shall endeavour to, where appropriate, cooperate among their respective patent offices to facilitate the sharing of search and examination work, and exchanges of information on quality assurance systems which may facilitate better understanding in the Parties’ patent systems.⁶⁶

　　六、缔约方应当酌情在各自专利机关之间开展合作，以便利查询和审查工作的共享以及质量保证体系信息的交流，以期增进对缔约方专利制度的理解。⁶⁶

⁶⁶This paragraph may apply to multilateral information sharing systems to support work-sharing initiatives.

⁶⁶本款可以适用于多边信息共享系统，以支持工作共享的倡议。

7.　　The Parties shall endeavour to cooperate by sharing information on steps each Party is taking to help prevent online copyright infringement.

　　七、缔约方应当努力合作，分享各缔约方为阻止互联网著作权侵权所采取步骤的信息。

8.　　The Parties may cooperate on the administration of systems for the protection of new varieties of plants, including exceptions to the breeder’s rights, in relation to paragraph 3 of Article 11.9 (Multilateral Agreements) or Article 11.48 (Protection of New Varieties of Plants).

　　八、缔约方可以就涉及第十一章第九条（多边协定）第三款或第十一章第四十八条（保护植物新品种），包括育种者权利例外的植物新品种保护体系管理进行合作。

9.　　The Parties shall endeavour to cooperate on issues relating to patent grace periods in order to support innovation.

　　九、缔约方应当努力在专利宽限期相关的问题上进行合作，以支持创新。

10.　　The Parties may cooperate on issues relating to the procedures and processes of their respective patent offices, with a view to reducing the cost of obtaining the grant of a patent.

　　十、缔约方可以就各自专利机关的程序和手续问题进行合作，以期降低获得专利授权的成本。

11.　　The Parties may exchange information on the protection of their respective geographical indications, including information on systems, procedures, and goods covered.

　　十一、缔约方可以交换其各自保护的地理标志的信息，包括关于制度、程序和货物的信息。

12.　　The Parties may cooperate on the training of patent examiners in the examination of patent applications related to traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources.

　　十二、缔约方可以合作培训专利审查员，以审查与遗传资源有关传统知识的专利申请。

13.　　All cooperation activities under this Chapter shall be on request of a Party, on mutually agreed terms, and subject to the relevant laws and regulations and availability of resources of the Parties involved.

　　十三、本章项下的所有合作活动应当应一缔约方的请求，按照共同同意的条款进行，并遵循相关法律法规以及有关缔约方资源可及性。

Section L
Transparency

第十二节　透明度

Article 11.77: Transparency

第七十七条　透明度

1.　　Each Party shall provide that final judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application that pertain to the availability, scope, acquisition, enforcement, and prevention of the abuse of intellectual property rights shall be published, or where such publication is not practicable, made publicly available, in at least a national language of that Party in such a manner as to enable the other Parties and right holders to become acquainted with them.　Each Party shall endeavour to provide that such final judicial decisions be published online, where feasible.⁶⁷

　　一、每一缔约方应当规定，关于知识产权权利的效力、范围、取得、实施和阻止滥用的终局司法裁决和普遍适用的行政裁定应当至少以该缔约方的一种官方语言公布，或者当这种公布不可行时，以能够让其他缔约方和权利持有人知悉的方式公布。每一缔约方应当努力规定，在可行的情况下，此类终局司法裁决在网上公布。⁶⁷

⁶⁷This paragraph may apply to multilateral information sharing systems to support work-sharing initiatives.

⁶⁷为进一步明确，本款中的任何规定不得要求一缔约方在其法律和法规中详细说明网上公布。

2.　　Each Party shall take appropriate measures, to the extent possible under its laws and regulations, to publish or make available to the public, information on applications and registrations of intellectual property rights, and where applicable, legal status information thereof, such as registration and expiration dates.

　　二、每一缔约方应当在其法律法规允许的范围内，采取适当措施向公众公布或使公众获得有关知识产权权利的申请和注册信息。如适用，公布关于其法律状况的信息，如注册日期和失效日期。

Section M
Transition Periods And Technical Assistance

第十三节　过渡期和技术援助

Article 11.78: Transitional Periods for Least Developed Country Parties under the TRIPS Agreement

第七十八条　最不发达国家缔约方的过渡期

　　　Nothing in this Chapter shall derogate from the rights of any Party to avail itself of any applicable transitional period under the TRIPS Agreement that has been or may be agreed in the WTO, either before, on, or after the date of entry into force of this Agreement.

　　本章的任何规定不得减损任何缔约方利用《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》项下，已经或可能在本协定生效前、生效时或生效后在WTO中商定的，适用任何过渡期的权利。

Article 11.79: Party-Specific Transition Periods

第七十九条　特定缔约方过渡期

1.　　Noting each Party’s different stage of development, and without prejudice to Article 11.78 (Transitional Periods for Least Developed Country Parties under the TRIPS Agreement), a Party may delay the implementation of certain provisions of this Chapter in accordance with Annex 11A (Party-Specific Transition Periods).

　　一、注意到每一缔约方各自不同的发展阶段，在不损害第十一章第七十八条（最不发达国家缔约方的过渡期）的前提下，在《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》项下，一缔约方可以依照第十一章附件一（特定缔约方过渡期）的规定暂缓本章某些条款的实施。

2.　　During the relevant periods set out in Annex 11A (Party-Specific Transition Periods), a Party shall not amend a measure to make it less consistent with its obligations under the provisions referred to in Annex 11A (Party-Specific Transition Periods) for that Party, or adopt a new measure that is less consistent with those obligations than relevant measures of that Party that are in effect on the date of signature of this Agreement.　This Article does not affect the rights and obligations of a Party under an international agreement to which it and another Party are party.

　　二、在第十一章附件一（特定缔约方过渡期）所列的相关期限内，一缔约方不得以与其在第十一章附件一（特定缔约方过渡期）条款的规定中针对该缔约方所规定的义务比在本协定签署之日有效的相关措施更不一致的方式修改一项措施，或采取比该缔约方在本协定签署之日有效的有关措施更不符合这些义务的新措施。本条不得影响一缔约方在与另一缔约方均为成员的国际协定项下的权利和义务。

Article 11.80: Notifications in Relation to Party-Specific Transition Periods

第八十条　与特定缔约方过渡期有关的通知

1.　　Any Party which has a Party-specific transition period for any obligation under this Chapter as set out in Annex 11A (Party- Specific Transition Periods) shall provide a notification to the Committee on the Business Environment on its plans for and progress towards implementing each such obligation, after the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party, as follows:

　　一、在第十一章附件一（特定缔约方过渡期）所列本章规定的任何义务的任一缔约方，应当在本协定对该缔约方生效之日后，向商业环境委员会提交以下关于其履行每项此类义务的计划和进展的通知：

(a)　　for any transition period of five years or less, that Party shall provide a notification six months before the expiration of the transition period; and

　　（一）对于任何五年或五年以下的过渡期，该缔约方应当在过渡期届满前六个月提交通知；以及

(b)　　for any transition period of more than five years, that Party shall provide an annual notification on the anniversary of the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party, beginning on the fifth anniversary for that Party, and a notification six months before the expiration of the transition period.⁶⁸

　　（二）对于任何超过五年的过渡期，该缔约方应当在本协定对该缔约方生效第五个周年开始，在周年之日提交年度通知，并在过渡期届满前六个月提交一份通知。⁶⁸

⁶⁸For greater certainty, this subparagraph shall also apply to any extension of a transition period set out in Annex 11A (Party-Specific Transition Periods).

⁶⁸为进一步明确，该项应当适用于第十一章附件一（特定缔约方过渡期）所列的过渡期的任何延期。

2.　　Any Party may request additional information regarding another Party’s progress towards implementing the obligation.　The requested Party shall promptly reply to such a request.

　　二、任何缔约方可以请求另一缔约方对履行义务的进展提供补充信息。被请求缔约方应当迅速回复该请求。

3.　　No later than the date on which a transition period expires, a Party with a Party-specific transition period shall provide a notification to the other Parties of what measures it has taken to implement the obligation for which it has a transition period.

　　三、有特定缔约方过渡期的一缔约方应当在不迟于过渡期届满之日，通知其他缔约方其为履行过渡期义务所采取的措施。

4.　　If a Party fails to provide the notification referred to in paragraph 3, the matter shall be automatically placed on the agenda for the next regular meeting of the Committee on the Business Environment.

　　四、如一缔约方不能按第三款提交通知，该事项应当自动列入营商环境委员会下次例会的议程。

Article 11.81: Technical Assistance

第八十一条　技术援助

1.　　In accordance with the objectives of Chapter 15 (Economic and Technical Cooperation), the Parties agree to undertake the necessary technical assistance, pursuant to the identified needs for the implementation of this Chapter, as set out in Annex 11B (List of Technical Assistance Requests).

　　一、依照第十五章（经济技术合作）的目标，缔约方同意根据第十一章附件二（技术援助请求清单）中所列为执行本章而确定的需求，提供必要的技术援助。

2.　　The technical assistance referred to in paragraph 1 shall be on mutually agreed terms, subject to the relevant rules and regulations and availability of resources of the Parties involved.

　　二、第一款所指的技术援助应当根据共同同意的条款，并遵循相关法律法规以及各缔约方资源可及性。

Section N
Procedural Matters

第十四节　程序事项

Article 11.82: Improvement of Procedures for the Administration of Intellectual Property Rights

第八十二条　改善知识产权管理程序

　　　The Parties recognise the importance of providing efficient administration of their intellectual property systems, and in this regard each Party shall continue to review and endeavour, where appropriate, to make improvements to its procedures for the administration of intellectual property rights.

　　缔约方认识到为其知识产权制度提供有效管理的重要性，为此，每一缔约方应当继续审查，如适当，并努力改进其知识产权管理程序。

Article 11.83: Streamlining of Procedural Requirements on Paper

第八十三条　简化书面程序要求

　　　Further to Article 11.82 (Improvement of Procedures for the Administration of Intellectual Property Rights), each Party shall endeavour to streamline any procedural requirements it maintains regarding:

　　在第十一章第八十二条（改善知识产权管理程序）之上，每一缔约方应当致力于简化其维持的下列任何程序要求：

(a)　　the certification of translations in relation to patent applications; and

　　（一）与专利申请有关的翻译证明；以及

(b)　　the authentication of signatures in relation to applications for patents, industrial designs, and trademarks.

　　（二）专利、工业设计和商标申请的签名认证。