Convention on Biological Diversity |
生物多样性公约
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| Done at Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1992 |
1992年6月5日订于里约热内卢 |
| The Contracting Parties, |
缔约国， |
| Conscious of the intrinsic value of biological diversity and of the ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic values of biological diversity and its components, |
意识到生物多样性的内在价值，和生物多样性及其组成部分的生态、遗传、社会、经济、科学、教育、文化、娱乐和美学价值； |
| Conscious also of the importance of biological diversity for evolution and for maintaining life sustaining systems of the biosphere,
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还意识到生物多样性对进化和保护生物圈的生命维持系统的重要性； |
| Affirming that the conservation of biological diversity is a common concern of humankind,
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确认保护生物多样性是全人类共同关切的问题； |
| Reaffirming that States have sovereign rights over their own biological resources,
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重申各国对它自己的生物资源拥有主权权利； |
| Reaffirming also that States are responsible for conserving their biological diversity and for using their biological resources in a sustainable manner,
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也重申各国有责任保护它自己的生物多样性，并以可持久的方式利用它自己的生物资源； |
| Concerned that biological diversity is being significantly reduced by certain human activities,
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关切一些人类活动正导致生物多样性的减少； |
| Aware of the general lack of information and knowledge regarding biological diversity and of the urgent need to develop scientific, technical and institutional capacities to provide the basic understanding upon which to plan and implement appropriate measures,
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意识到普遍缺乏关于生物多样性的信息和知识，亟需开发科学、技术和机构能力，从而提供基本理解，据以策划与执行适当措施； |
| Noting that it is vital to anticipate, prevent and attack the causes of significant reduction or loss of biological diversity at source,
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注意到预测、预防和从根源上消除导致生物多样性严重减少或丧失的原因，至为重要； |
| Noting also that where there is a threat of significant reduction or loss of biological diversity, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing measures to avoid or minimize such a threat,
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并注意到生物多样性遭受严重减少或损失的威胁时，不应以缺乏充分的科学定论为理由，而推迟采取旨在避免或尽量减轻此种威胁的措施； |
| Noting further that the fundamental requirement for the conservation of biological diversity is the in-situ conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings,
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注意到保护生物多样性的基本要求，是就地保护生态系统和自然生境，维持恢复物种在其自然环境中有生存力的种群； |
| Noting further that ex-situ measures, preferably in the country of origin, also have an important role to play,
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并注意到移地措施，最好在原产国内实行，也可发挥重要作用； |
| Recognizing the close and traditional dependence of many indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles on biological resources, and the desirability of sharing equitably benefits arising from the use of traditional knowledge, innovations and practices relevant to the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components,
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认识到许多体现传统生活方式的土著和地方社区同生物资源有着密切和传统的依存关系，应公平分享从利用与保护生物资源及持续利用其组成部分有关的传统知识、创新和实践而产生的惠益； |
| Recognizing also the vital role that women play in the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and affirming the need for the full participation of women at all levels of policy-making and implementation for biological diversity conservation,
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并认识到妇女在保护和持续利用生物多样性中发挥极其重要作用，并确认妇女必须充分参与制订和实施保护生物多样性的各级政策； |
| Stressing the importance of, and the need to promote, international, regional and global cooperation among States and intergovernmental organizations and the non-governmental sector for the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components, |
强调为了生物多样性的保护及其组成部分的持续利用，促进国家、政府间组织和非政府部门之间的国际、区域和全球性合作的重要性和必要性； |
| Acknowledging that the provision of new and additional financial resources and appropriate access to relevant technologies can be expected to make a substantial difference in the world's ability to address the loss of biological diversity,
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承认提供新的和额外的资金和适当取得有关的技术，可对全世界处理生物多样性丧失问题的能力产生重大影响； |
| Acknowledging further that special provision is required to meet the needs of developing countries, including the provision of new and additional financial resources and appropriate access to relevant technologies,
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进一步承认有必要订立特别的条款，以满足发展中国家的需要，包括提供新的和额外的资金和适当取得有关的技术； |
| Noting in this regard the special conditions of the least developed countries and small island States,
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注意到最不发达国家和小岛屿国家这方面的特殊情况； |
| Acknowledging that substantial investments are required to conserve biological diversity and that there is the expectation of a broad range of environmental, economic and social benefits from those investments,
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承认有必要大量投资以保护生物多样性，而且这些投资可望产生广泛的环境、经济和社会惠益； |
| Recognizing that economic and social development and poverty eradication are the first and overriding priorities of developing countries,
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认识到经济和社会发展以及根除贫困是发展中国家第一和压倒一切的优先事务； |
| Aware that conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity is of critical importance for meeting the food, health and other needs of the growing world population, for which purpose access to and sharing of both genetic resources and technologies are essential,
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意识到保护和持续利用生物多样性对满足世界日益增加的人口对粮食、健康和其他需求至为重要，而为此目的取得和分享遗传资源和遗传技术是必不可少的； |
| Noting that, ultimately, the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity will strengthen friendly relations among States and contribute to peace for humankind,
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注意到保护和持续利用生物多样性最终必定增强国家间的友好关系，并有助于实现人类和平； |
| Desiring to enhance and complement existing international arrangements for the conservation of biological diversity and sustainable use of its components, and
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期望加强和补充现有保护生物多样性和持久使用其组成部分的各项国际协议； |
| Determined to conserve and sustainably use biological diversity for the benefit of present and future generations,
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并决心为今世后代的利益，保护和持续利用生物多样性； |
| Have agreed as follows: |
兹协议如下：
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Article 1
Objectives |
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| The objectives of this Convention, to be pursued in accordance with its relevant provisions, are the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, including by appropriate access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding.
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本公约的目标是按照本公约有关条款从事保护生物多样性、持续利用其组成部分以及公平合理分享由利用遗传资源而产生的惠益；实施手段包括遗传资源的适当取得及有关技术的适当转让，但需顾及对这些资源和技术的一切权利，以及提供适当资金。 |
Article 2
Use of Terms |
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| For the purposes of this Convention: |
为本公约的目的： |
| "Biological diversity" means the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems.
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“生物多样性”是指所有来源的活的生物体中的变异性，这些来源除其他外包括陆地、海洋和其他水生生态系统及其所构成的生态综合体；这包括物种内、物种之间和生态系统的多样性。 |
| "Biological resources" includes genetic resources, organisms or parts thereof, populations, or any other biotic component of ecosystems with actual or potential use or value for humanity.
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“生物资源”是指对人类具有实际或潜在用途或价值的遗传资源、生物体或其部分、生物种群、或生态系统中任何其他生物组成部分。 |
| "Biotechnology" means any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.
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“生物技术”是指使用生物系统、生物体或其衍生物的任何技术应用，以制作或改进特定用途的产品或工艺过程。 |
| "Country of origin of genetic resources" means the country which possesses those genetic resources in in-situ conditions.
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“遗传资源的原产国”是指拥有处于原产境地的遗传资源的国家。
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| "Country providing genetic resources" means the country supplying genetic resources collected from in-situ sources, including populations of both wild and domesticated species, or taken from ex-situ sources, which may or may not have originated in that country.
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“可提供遗传资源的国家”是指供应遗传资源的国家，此种遗传资源可能是取自原地来源，包括野生物种和驯化物种的种群，或取自移地保护来源，不论是否原产于该国。 |
| "Domesticated or cultivated species" means species in which the evolutionary process has been influenced by humans to meet their needs.
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“驯化或培殖物种”是指人类为满足自身需要而影响了其演化进程的物种。
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| "Ecosystem" means a dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit.
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“生态系统”是指植物、动物和微生物群落和它们的无生命环境作为一个生态单位交互作用形成的一个动态复合体。
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| "Ex-situ conservation" means the conservation of components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats.
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“移地保护”是指将生物多样性组成部分移到它们的自然环境之外进行保护。
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| "Genetic material" means any material of plant, animal, microbial or other origin containing functional units of heredity.
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“遗传材料”是指来自植物、动物、微生物或其他来源的任何含有遗传功能单位的材料。 |
| "Genetic resources" means genetic material of actual or potential value.
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“遗传资源”是指具有实际或潜在价值的遗传材料。
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| "Habitat" means the place or type of site where an organism or population naturally occurs.
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“生境”是指生物体或生物种群自然分布的地方或地点。 |
| "In-situ conditions" means conditions where genetic resources exist within ecosystems and natural habitats, and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties.
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“原地条件”是指遗传资源生存于生态系统和自然生境之内的条件；对于驯化或培殖的物种而言，其环境是指它们在其中发展出其明显特性的环境。
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| "In-situ conservation" means the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties.
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“就地保护”是指保护生态系统和自然生境以及维持和恢复物种在其自然环境中有生存力的种群；对于驯化和培殖物种而言，其环境是指它们在其中发展出其明显特性的环境。
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| "Protected area" means a geographically defined area which is designated or regulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives.
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“保护区”是指一个划定地理界限，为达到特定保护目标而指定或实行管制和管理的地区。
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| "Regional economic integration organization" means an organization constituted by sovereign States of a given region, to which its member States have transferred competence in respect of matters governed by this Convention and which has been duly authorized, in accordance with its internal procedures, to sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to it.
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“区域经济一体化组织”是指由某一区域的一些主权国家组成的组织，其成员国已将处理本公约范围内的事务的权力付托它并已按照其内部程序获得正式授权，可以签署、批准、接受、核准或加入本公约。
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| "Sustainable use" means the use of components of biological diversity in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term decline of biological diversity, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations.
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“持续利用”是指使用生物多样性组成部分的方式和速度不会导致生物多样性的长期衰落，从而保持其满足今世后代的需要和期望的潜力。
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| "Technology" includes biotechnology.
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“技术”包括生物技术。
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Article 3
Principle |
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| States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. |
依照联合国宪章和国际法原则，各国具有按照其环境政策开发其资源的主权权利，同时亦负有责任，确保在它管辖或控制范围内的活动，不致于对其他国家的环境或国家管辖范围以外地区的环境造成损害。
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Article 4
Jurisdictional Scope |
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| Subject to the rights of other States, and except as otherwise expressly provided in this Convention, the provisions of this Convention apply, in relation to each Contracting Party: |
以不妨碍其他国家权利为限，除非本公约另有明文规定，本公约规定应按下列情形对每一缔约国适用：
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| (a) In the case of components of biological diversity, in areas within the limits of its national jurisdiction; and |
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（一）生物多样性组成部分位于该国管辖范围的地区内； |
| (b) In the case of processes and activities, regardless of where their effects occur, carried out under its jurisdiction or control, within the area of its national jurisdiction or beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. |
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（二）在该国管辖或控制下开展的过程和活动，不论其影响发生在何处，此种过程和活动可位于该国管辖区内，也可在该国管辖区外。 |
Article 5
Cooperation |
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| Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, cooperate with other Contracting Parties, directly or, where appropriate, through competent international organizations, in respect of areas beyond national jurisdiction and on other matters of mutual interest, for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. |
第一缔约国应尽可能并酌情直接与其他缔约国，或酌情通过有关国际组织为保护和持续利用生物多样性在国家管辖范围以外地区并就共同关心的其他事项进行合作。
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Article 6
General Measures for Conservation and Sustainable Use |
第六条
保护和持续利用方面的一般措施
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| Each Contracting Party shall, in accordance with its particular conditions and capabilities: |
每一缔约国应按照其特殊情况和能力：
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| (a) Develop national strategies, plans or programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity or adapt for this purpose existing strategies, plans or programmes which shall reflect, inter alia, the measures set out in this Convention relevant to the Contracting Party concerned; and |
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（一）为保护和持续利用生物多样性制定国家战略、计划或方案，或为此目的变通其现有战略、计划或方案；这些战略、计划或方案除其他外应体现本公约内载明与该缔约国有关的措施；
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| (b) Integrate, as far as possible and as appropriate, the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral plans, programmes and policies.
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（二）尽可能并酌情将生物多样性的保护和持续利用订入有关的部门或跨部门计划、方案和政策内。
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Article 7
Identification and Monitoring |
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| Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, in particular for the purposes of Articles 8 to 10: |
每一缔约国应尽可能并酌情，特别是为了第八条至第十条的目的：
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| (a) Identify components of biological diversity important for its conservation and sustainable use having regard to the indicative list of categories set down in Annex I; |
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（一）查明对保护和持续利用生物多样性至关重要的生物多样性组成部分，要顾及附件一所载指示性种类清单；
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| (b) Monitor, through sampling and other techniques, the components of biological diversity identified pursuant to subparagraph (a) above, paying particular attention to those requiring urgent conservation measures and those which offer the greatest potential for sustainable use; |
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（二）通过抽样调查和其他技术，监测依照以上（一）项查明的生物多样性组成部分，要特别注意那些需要采取紧急保护措施以及那些具有最大持续利用潜力的组成部分；
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| (c) Identify processes and categories of activities which have or are likely to have significant adverse impacts on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, and monitor their effects through sampling and other techniques; and |
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（三）查明对保护和持续利用生物多样性产生或可能产生重大不利影响的过程和活动种类，并通过抽样调查和其他技术，监测其影响；
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| (d) Maintain and organize, by any mechanism data, derived from identification and monitoring activities pursuant to subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c) above. |
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（四）以各种方式保存并整理依照以上（一）、（二）、（三）项从事查明和监测活动所获得的数据。
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Article 8
In-situ Conservation |
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| Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate: |
每一缔约国应尽可能并酌情：
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| (a) Establish a system of protected areas or areas where special measures need to be taken to conserve biological diversity; |
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（一）建立保护区系统或需要采取特殊措施以保护生物多样性地区；
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| (b) Develop, where necessary, guidelines for the selection, establishment and management of protected areas or areas where special measures need to be taken to conserve biological diversity;
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（二）于必要时，制定准则据以选定、建立和管理保护区或需要采取特殊措施以保护生物多样性地区；
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| (c) Regulate or manage biological resources important for the conservation of biological diversity whether within or outside protected areas, with a view to ensuring their conservation and sustainable use;
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（三）管制或管理保护区内外对保护生物多样性至关重要的生物资源，以确保这些资源得到保护和持续利用；
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| (d) Promote the protection of ecosystems, natural habitats and the maintenance of viable populations of species in natural surroundings;
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（四）促进保护生态系统、自然生境和维护自然环境中有生存力的种群；
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| (e) Promote environmentally sound and sustainable development in areas adjacent to protected areas with a view to furthering protection of these areas;
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（五）在保护区域的邻接地区促进无害环境的持续发展，以谋增进这些地区的保护；
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| (f) Rehabilitate and restore degraded ecosystems and promote the recovery of threatened species, inter alia, through the development and implementation of plans or other management strategies;
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（六）除其他外，通过制定和实施各项计划或其他管理战略，重建和恢复已退化的生态系统，促进受威胁物种的复原；
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| (g) Establish or maintain means to regulate, manage or control the risks associated with the use and release of living modified organisms resulting from biotechnology which are likely to have adverse environmental impacts that could affect the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking also into account the risks to human health;
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（七）制定或采取办法以酌情管制、管理或控制由生物技术改变的活生物体在使用和释放时可能产生的危险，即可能对环境产生不利影响，从而影响到生物多样性的保护和持续利用，也要考虑到对人类健康的危险；
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| (h) Prevent the introduction of, control or eradicate those alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species;
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（八）防止引进、控制或消除那些威胁到生态系统、生境或物种的外来物种；
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| (i) Endeavour to provide the conditions needed for compatibility between present uses and the conservation of biological diversity and the sustainable use of its components;
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（九）设法提供现时利用与生物多样性的保护及其组成部分的持续利用彼此相辅相成所需的条件；
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| (j) Subject to its national legislation, respect, preserve and maintain knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous and local communities embodying traditional lifestyles relevant for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and promote their wider application with the approval and involvement of the holders of such knowledge, innovations and practices and encourage the equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of such knowledge, innovations and practices;
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（十）依照国家立法，尊重、保存和维持土著和地方社区体现传统生活方式而与生物多样性的保护和持续利用相关的知识、创新和实践并促进其广泛应用，由此等知识、创新和实践的拥有者认可和参与下并鼓励公平地分享因利用此等知识、创新和做法而获得的惠益；
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| (k) Develop or maintain necessary legislation and/or other regulatory provisions for the protection of threatened species and populations;
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（十一）制定或维持必要立法和/或其他规范性规章，以保护受威胁物种和种群；
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| (l) Where a significant adverse effect on biological diversity has been determined pursuant to Article 7, regulate or manage the relevant processes and categories of activities; and
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（十二）在依照第7条确定某些过程或活动类别已对生物多样性造成重大不利影响时，对有关过程和活动类别进行管制和管理；
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| (m) Cooperate in providing financial and other support for in-situ conservation outlined in subparagraphs (a) to (l) above, particularly to developing countries. |
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（十三）进行合作，就以上（一）至（十二）项所概括的就地保护措施，特别向发展中国家提供财政和其他支助。
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Article 9
Ex-situ Conservation |
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| Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, and predominantly for the purpose of complementing in-situ measures: |
每一缔约国应尽可能并酌情，主要为辅助就地保护措施起见：
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| (a) Adopt measures for the ex-situ conservation of components of biological diversity, preferably in the country of origin of such components; |
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（一）最好在生物多样性组成部分的原产国采取措施移地保护这些组成部分；
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| (b) Establish and maintain facilities for ex-situ conservation of and research on plants, animals and micro- organisms, preferably in the country of origin of genetic resources; |
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（二）最好在遗传资源原产国建立和维持移地保护及研究植物、动物和微生物的设施；
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| (c) Adopt measures for the recovery and rehabilitation of threatened species and for their reintroduction into their natural habitats under appropriate conditions; |
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（三）采取措施以恢复和复原受威胁物种并在适当情况下将这些物种重新引进其自然生境中；
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| (d) Regulate and manage collection of biological resources from natural habitats for ex-situ conservation purposes so as not to threaten ecosystems and in-situ populations of species, except where special temporary ex-situ measures are required under subparagraph (c) above; and |
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（四）对于为移地保护目的从自然生境中收集生物资源实施管制和管理，以避免威胁到生态系统和当地的物种种群，除非根据以上（三）项必须采取临时性特别移地措施。
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| (e) Cooperate in providing financial and other support for ex-situ conservation outlined in subparagraphs (a) to (d) above and in the establishment and maintenance of ex- situ conservation facilities in developing countries. |
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（五）进行合作，为以上（一）至（四）项所概括的移地保护措施以及在发展中国家建立和维持移地保护设施提供财政和其他援助。
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Article 10
Sustainable Use of Components of Biological Diversity |
第十条
生物多样性组成部分的持续利用
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| Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate: |
每一缔约国应尽可能并酌情：
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| (a) Integrate consideration of the conservation and sustainable use of biological resources into national decision-making; |
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（一）在国家决策过程中考虑到生物资源的保护和持续利用；
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| (b) Adopt measures relating to the use of biological resources to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on biological diversity; |
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（二）采取有关利用生物资源的措施，以避免或尽量减少对生物多样性的不利影响；
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| (c) Protect and encourage customary use of biological resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices that are compatible with conservation or sustainable use requirements; |
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（三）保护并鼓励那些按照传统文化惯例而且符合保护或持续利用要求的生物资源习惯使用方式；
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| (d) Support local populations to develop and implement remedial action in degraded areas where biological diversity has been reduced; and |
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（四）在生物多样性已减少的退化地区支助地方居民规划和实施补救行动；
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| (e) Encourage cooperation between its governmental authorities and its private sector in developing methods for sustainable use of biological resources. |
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（五）鼓励其政府当局和私营部门合作制定生物资源持续利用的方法。
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Article 11
Incentive Measures |
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| Each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, adopt economically and socially sound measures that act as incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of components of biological diversity. |
每一缔约国应尽可能并酌情采取对保护和持续利用生物多样性组成部分起鼓励作用的经济和社会措施。
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Article 12
Research and Training |
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| The Contracting Parties, taking into account the special needs of developing countries, shall: |
考虑到发展中国家的特殊需要，缔约国应：
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| (a) Establish and maintain programmes for scientific and technical education and training in measures for the identification, conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and its components and provide support for such education and training for the specific needs of developing countries; |
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（一）在查明、保护和持续利用生物多样性及其组成部分的措施方面建立和维持科技教育和培训方案，并为该教育和培训提供资助以满足发展中国家的特殊需要；
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| (b) Promote and encourage research which contributes to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, particularly in developing countries, inter alia, in accordance with decisions of the Conference of the Parties taken in consequence of recommendations of the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice; and |
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（二）特别在发展中国家，除其他外，按照缔约国会议根据科学、技术和工艺咨询事务附属机构的建议作出的决定，促进和鼓励有助于保护和持续利用生物多样性的研究；
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| (c) In keeping with the provisions of Articles 16, 18 and 20, promote and cooperate in the use of scientific advances in biological diversity research in developing methods for conservation and sustainable use of biological resources. |
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（三）按照第十六、十八和二十条的规定，提倡利用生物多样性科研进展，制定生物资源的保护和持续利用方法，并在这方面进行合作。
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Article 13
Public Education and Awareness |
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| The Contracting Parties shall: |
缔约国应： |
| (a) Promote and encourage understanding of the importance of, and the measures required for, the conservation of biological diversity, as well as its propagation through media, and the inclusion of these topics in educational programmes; and |
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（一）促进和鼓励对保护生物多样性的重要性及所需要的措施的理解，并通过大众传播工具进行宣传和将这些题目列入教育大纲；以及 |
| (b) Cooperate, as appropriate, with other States and international organizations in developing educational and public awareness programmes, with respect to conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. |
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（二）酌情与其他国家和国际组织合作制定关于保护和持续利用生物多样性的教育和公众意识方案。 |
Article 14
Impact Assessment and Minimizing Adverse Impacts |
第十四条
影响评估和尽量减少不利影响
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| 1. Each Contracting Party, as far as possible and as appropriate, shall: |
一、每一缔约国应尽可能并酌情：
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| (a) Introduce appropriate procedures requiring environmental impact assessment of its proposed projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity with a view to avoiding or minimizing such effects and, where appropriate, allow for public participation in such procedures; |
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| （一）采取适当程序，要求就其可能对生物多样性产生严重不利影响的拟议项目进行环境影响评估，以期避免或尽量减轻这种影响，并酌情允许公众参加此种程序； |
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| (b) Introduce appropriate arrangements to ensure that the environmental consequences of its programmes and policies that are likely to have significant adverse impacts on biological diversity are duly taken into account; |
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| （二）采取适当措施，以确保其可能对生物多样性产生严重不利影响的方案和政策的环境后果得到适当考虑；
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|
| (c) Promote, on the basis of reciprocity, notification, exchange of information and consultation on activities under their jurisdiction or control which are likely to significantly affect adversely the biological diversity of other States or areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, by encouraging the conclusion of bilateral, regional or multilateral arrangements, as appropriate; |
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| （三）在互惠基础上，就其管辖或控制范围内对其他国家或国家管辖范围以外地区生物多样性可能产生严重不利影响的活动促进通报、交流信息和磋商，其办法是为此鼓励酌情订立双边、区域或多边协议；
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| (d) In the case of imminent or grave danger or damage, originating under its jurisdiction or control, to biological diversity within the area under jurisdiction of other States or in areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, notify immediately the potentially affected States of such danger or damage, as well as initiate action to prevent or minimize such danger or damage; and |
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| （四）如遇其管辖或控制下起源的危险即将或严重危及或损害其他国家管辖的地区内或本国管辖地区范围以外的生物多样性的情况，应立即将此种危险或损害通知可能受影响的国家，并采取行动预防或尽量减轻这种危险或损害；
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| (e) Promote national arrangements for emergency responses to activities or events, whether caused naturally or otherwise, which present a grave and imminent danger to biological diversity and encourage international cooperation to supplement such national efforts and, where appropriate and agreed by the States or regional economic integration organizations concerned, to establish joint contingency plans.
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| （五）促进做出国家紧急应变安排，以处理大自然或其他原因引起即将严重危及生物多样性的活动或事件，鼓励旨在补充这种国家努力的国际合作，并酌情在有关国家或区域经济一体化组织同意的情况下制定联合应急计划。 |
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| 2. The Conference of the Parties shall examine, on the basis of studies to be carried out, the issue of liability and redress, including restoration and compensation, for damage to biological diversity, except where such liability is a purely internal matter. |
二、缔约国会议应根据所作的研究，审查生物多样性所受损害的责任和补救问题，包括恢复和赔偿，除非这种责任纯属内部事物。
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Article 15
Access to Genetic Resources |
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| 1. Recognizing the sovereign rights of States over their natural resources, the authority to determine access to genetic resources rests with the national governments and is subject to national legislation. |
一、确认各国对其自然资源拥有的主权权利，因而可否取得遗传资源的决定权属于国家政府，并依照国家法律行使。
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| 2. Each Contracting Party shall endeavour to create conditions to facilitate access to genetic resources for environmentally sound uses by other Contracting Parties and not to impose restrictions that run counter to the objectives of this Convention. |
二、每一缔约国应致力于创造条件，便利其他缔约国取得遗传资源用于无害环境的用途，不对这种取得施加违背本公约目标的限制。
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| 3. For the purpose of this Convention, the genetic resources being provided by a Contracting Party, as referred to in this Article and Articles 16 and 19, are only those that are provided by Contracting Parties that are countries of origin of such resources or by the Parties that have acquired the genetic resources in accordance with this Convention. |
三、为本公约的目的，本条以及第十六和十九条所指缔约国提供的遗传资源，仅限于这种资源原产国的缔约国或按照本公约取得该资源的缔约国所提供的遗传资源。
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| 4. Access, where granted, shall be on mutually agreed terms and subject to the provisions of this Article. |
四、取得经批准后，应按照共同商定的条件并遵照本条的规定进行。
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| 5. Access to genetic resources shall be subject to prior informed consent of the Contracting Party providing such resources, unless otherwise determined by that Party. |
五、遗传资源的取得须经提供这种资源的缔约国事先知情同意，除非该缔约国另有决定。
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| 6. Each Contracting Party shall endeavour to develop and carry out scientific research based on genetic resources provided by other Contracting Parties with the full participation of, and where possible in, such Contracting Parties. |
六、每一缔约国使用其他缔约国提供的遗传资源从事开发和进行科学研究时，应力求这些缔约国充分参与，并于可能时在这些缔约国境内进行。
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| 7. Each Contracting Party shall take legislative, administrative or policy measures, as appropriate, and in accordance with Articles 16 and 19 and, where necessary, through the financial mechanism established by Articles 20 and 21 with the aim of sharing in a fair and equitable way the results of research and development and the benefits arising from the commercial and other utilization of genetic resources with the Contracting Party providing such resources. Such sharing shall be upon mutually agreed terms. |
七、每一缔约国应按照第十六和十九条，并于必要时利用第二十和二十一条设立的财务机制，酌情采取立法、行政或政策性措施，以期与提供遗传资源的缔约国公平分享研究和开发此种资源的成果以及商业和其他方面利用此种资源所获的利益。这种分享应按照共同商定的条件。 |
Article 16
Access to and Transfer of technology |
第十六条
技术的取得和转让
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| 1. Each Contracting Party, recognizing that technology includes biotechnology, and that both access to and transfer of technology among Contracting Parties are essential elements for the attainment of the objectives of this Convention, undertakes subject to the provisions of this Article to provide and/or facilitate access for and transfer to other Contracting Parties of technologies that are relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity or make use of genetic resources and do not cause significant damage to the environment. |
一、每一缔约国认识到技术包括生物技术，且缔约国之间技术的取得和转让均为实现本公约目标必不可少的要求，因此承诺遵照本条规定向其他缔约国提供和／或便利其取得并向其转让有关生物多样性保护和持续利用的技术或利用遗传资源而不对环境造成重大损害的技术。 |
| 2. Access to and transfer of technology referred to in paragraph 1 above to developing countries shall be provided and/or facilitated under fair and most favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms where mutually agreed, and, where necessary, in accordance with the financial mechanism established by Articles 20 and 21. In the case of technology subject to patents and other intellectual property rights, such access and transfer shall be provided on terms which recognize and are consistent with the adequate and effective protection of intellectual property rights. The application of this paragraph shall be consistent with paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 below. |
二、以上第一款所指技术的取得和向发展中国家转让，应按公平和最有利条件提供给予便利，包括共同商定时，按减让和优惠条件提供或给予便利，并于必要时按照第二十和二十一条设立的财务机制。此种技术属于专利和其他知识产权的范围时，这种取得和转让所根据的条件应承认且符合知识产权的充分有效保护。本款的应用应符合以下第三、四和五款的规定。
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| 3. Each Contracting Party shall take legislative, administrative or policy measures, as appropriate, with the aim that Contracting Parties, in particular those that are developing countries, which provide genetic resources are provided access to and transfer of technology which makes use of those resources, on mutually agreed terms, including technology protected by patents and other intellectual property rights, where necessary, through the provisions of Articles 20 and 21 and in accordance with international law and consistent with paragraphs 4 and 5 below. |
三、每一缔约国应酌情采取立法、行政或政策措施，以其根据共同商定的条件向提供遗传资源的缔约国，特别是其中的发展中国家，提供利用这些遗传资源的技术和转让此种技术，其中包括受到专利和其他知识产权保护的技术，必要时通过第二十条和第二十一条的规定，遵照国际法，以符合以下第四和五款规定的方式进行。
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| 4. Each Contracting Party shall take legislative, administrative or policy measures, as appropriate, with the aim that the private sector facilitates access to, joint development and transfer of technology referred to in paragraph 1 above for the benefit of both governmental institutions and the private sector of developing countries and in this regard shall abide by the obligations included in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 above. |
四、每一缔约国应酌情采取立法、行政或政策措施，以期私营部门为第一款所指技术的取得、共同开发和转让提供便利，以惠益于发展中国家的政府机构和私营部门，并在这方面遵守以上第一、二和三款规定的义务。
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| 5. The Contracting Parties, recognizing that patents and other intellectual property rights may have an influence on the implementation of this Convention, shall cooperate in this regard subject to national legislation and international law in order to ensure that such rights are supportive of and do not run counter to its objectives. |
五、缔约国认识到专利和其他知识产权可能影响到本公约的实施，因而在这方面遵照国家立法和国际法进行合作，以确保此种权利有助于而不违反本公约的目标。
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Article 17
Exchange of Information |
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| 1. The Contracting Parties shall facilitate the exchange of information, from all publicly available sources, relevant to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, taking into account the special needs of developing countries. |
一、缔约国应便利有关生物多样性保护和持续利用的一切公众可得信息的交流，要兼顾到发展中国家的特殊需要。
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| 2. Such exchange of information shall include exchange of results of technical, scientific and socio-economic research, as well as information on training and surveying programmes, specialized knowledge, indigenous and traditional knowledge as such and in combination with the technologies referred to in Article 16, paragraph 1. It shall also, where feasible, include repatriation of information. |
二、此种信息交流应包括交流技术、科学和社会经济研究成果，以及培训和调查方案的信息、专门知识、当地和传统知识本身及连同第十六条第1款中所指的技术。可行时也应包括信息的归还。
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Article 18
Technical and Scientific Cooperation |
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| 1. The Contracting Parties shall promote international technical and scientific cooperation in the field of conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, where necessary, through the appropriate international and national institutions. |
一、缔约国应促进生物多样性保护和持久使用领域的国际科技合作，必要时可通过适当的国际机构和国家机构来开展这种合作。
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| 2. Each Contracting Party shall promote technical and scientific cooperation with other Contracting Parties, in particular developing countries, in implementing this Convention, inter alia, through the development and implementation of national policies. In promoting such cooperation, special attention should be given to the development and strengthening of national capabilities, by means of human resources development and institution building. |
二、每一缔约国应促进与其他缔约国尤其是发展中国家的科技合作，以执行本公约，办法之中包括制定和执行国家政策。促进此种合作时应特别注意通过人力资源开发和机构建设以发展和加强国家能力。 |
| 3. The Conference of the Parties, at its first meeting, shall determine how to establish a clearing-house mechanism to promote and facilitate technical and scientific cooperation. |
三、缔约国会议应在第一次会议上确定如何设立交换所机制以促进并便利科技合作。
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| 4. The Contracting Parties shall, in accordance with national legislation and policies, encourage and develop methods of cooperation for the development and use of technologies, including indigenous and traditional technologies, in pursuance of the objectives of this Convention. For this purpose, the Contracting Parties shall also promote cooperation in the training of personnel and exchange of experts. |
四、缔约国为实现本公约的目标，应按照国家立法和政策，鼓励并制定各种合作方法以开发和使用各种技术，包括当地技术和传统技术在内。为此目的，缔约国还应促进关于人员培训和专家交流的合作。
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| 5. The Contracting Parties shall, subject to mutual agreement, promote the establishment of joint research programmes and joint ventures for the development of technologies relevant to the objectives of this Convention. |
五、缔约国应经共同协议促进设立联合研究方案和联合企业，以开发与本公约目标有关的技术。
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Article 19
Handling of Biotechnology and Distribution of its Benefits |
第十九条
生物技术的处理及其惠益的分配
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| 1. Each Contracting Party shall take legislative, administrative or policy measures, as appropriate, to provide for the effective participation in biotechnological research activities by those Contracting Parties, especially developing countries, which provide the genetic resources for such research, and where feasible in such Contracting Parties. |
一、每一缔约国应酌情采取立法、行政和政策措施，让提供遗传资源用于生物技术研究的缔约国，特别是其中的发展中国家，切实参与此种研究活动；可行时，研究活动宜在这些缔约国中进行。 |
| 2. Each Contracting Party shall take all practicable measures to promote and advance priority access on a fair and equitable basis by Contracting Parties, especially developing countries, to the results and benefits arising from biotechnologies based upon genetic resources provided by those Contracting Parties. Such access shall be on mutually agreed terms. |
二、每一缔约国应采取一切可行措施，以赞助和促进那些提供遗传资源的缔约国，特别是其中的发展中国家，在公平的基础上，优先取得基于其提供资源的生物技术所产生成果和惠益。此种取得应按共同商定的条件进行。 |
| 3. The Parties shall consider the need for and modalities of a protocol setting out appropriate procedures, including, in particular, advance informed agreement, in the field of the safe transfer, handling and use of any living modified organism resulting from biotechnology that may have adverse effect on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. |
三、缔约国应考虑是否需要一项议定书，规定适当程序，特别包括事先知情协议，适用于可能对生物多样性的保护和持续利用产生不利影响的由生物技术改变的任何活生物体的安全转让、处理和使用，并考虑该议定书的形式。 |
| 4. Each Contracting Party shall, directly or by requiring any natural or legal person under its jurisdiction providing the organisms referred to in paragraph 3 above, provide any available information about the use and safety regulations required by that Contracting Party in handling such organisms, as well as any available information on the potential adverse impact of the specific organisms concerned to the Contracting Party into which those organisms are to be introduced. |
四、每一个缔约国应直接或要求其管辖下提供以上第三款所指生物体的任何自然人和法人，将该缔约国在处理这种生物体方面规定的使用和安全条例的任何现有资料以及有关该生物体可能产生的不利影响的任何现有资料，提供给将要引进这些生物体的缔约国。
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Article 20
Financial Resources |
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| 1. Each Contracting Party undertakes to provide, in accordance with its capabilities, financial support and incentives in respect of those national activities which are intended to achieve the objectives of this Convention, in accordance with its national plans, priorities and programmes.
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一、每一缔约国承诺依其能力为那些旨在根据其国家计划、优先事项和方案实现本公约目标的活动提供财政资助和鼓励。
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| 2. The developed country Parties shall provide new and additional financial resources to enable developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs to them of implementing measures which fulfil the obligations of this Convention and to benefit from its provisions and which costs are agreed between a developing country Party and the institutional structure referred to in Article 21, in accordance with policy, strategy, programme priorities and eligibility criteria and an indicative list of incremental costs established by the Conference of the Parties. Other Parties, including countries undergoing the process of transition to a market economy, may voluntarily assume the obligations of the developed country Parties. For the purpose of this Article, the Conference of the Parties, shall at its first meeting establish a list of developed country Parties and other Parties which voluntarily assume the obligations of the developed country Parties. The Conference of the Parties shall periodically review and if necessary amend the list. Contributions from other countries and sources on a voluntary basis would also be encouraged. The implementation of these commitments shall take into account the need for adequacy, predictability and timely flow of funds and the importance of burden-sharing among the contributing Parties included in the list. |
二、发达国家缔约国应提供新的额外的资金，以使发展中国家缔约国能支付它们因执行那些履行本公约义务的措施而承担议定的全部增加费用，并使它们能享受到本公约条款产生的惠益；上项费用将由个别发展中国家同第二十一条所指的体制机构商定，但须遵循缔约国会议所制订的政策、战略、方案重点、合格标准和增加费用指示性清单。其他缔约国，包括那些处于向市场经济过渡进程的国家，可自愿承担发达国家缔约国的义务。为本条的目的，缔约国会议应在其第一次会议上确定一份发达国家缔约国和其他自愿承担发达国家缔约国义务的缔约国名单。缔约国会议应定期审查这份名单并于必要时加以修改。另将鼓励其他国家和来源以自愿方式作出捐款。履行这些承诺时，应考虑到资金提供必须充分、可预测和及时，且名单内缴款缔约国之间共同承担义务也极为重要。 |
| 3. The developed country Parties may also provide, and developing country Parties avail themselves of, financial resources related to the implementation of this Convention through bilateral, regional and other multilateral channels. |
三、发达国家缔约国也可通过双边、区域或其他多边渠道提供与执行本公约有关的资金，而发展中国家缔约国则可利用该资金。
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| 4. The extent to which developing country Parties will effectively implement their commitments under this Convention will depend on the effective implementation by developed country Parties of their commitments under this Convention related to financial resources and transfer of technology and will take fully into account the fact that economic and social development and eradication of poverty are the first and overriding priorities of the developing country Parties. |
四、发展中国家缔约国有效地履行其根据公约作出的承诺的程度将取决于发达国家缔约国有效地履行其根据公约就财政资源和技术转让作出的承诺，并将充分顾及经济和社会发展以及消除贫困是发展中国家缔约国的最优先事项这一事实。
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| 5. The Parties shall take full account of the specific needs and special situation of least developed countries in their actions with regard to funding and transfer of technology. |
五、各缔约国在其就筹资和技术转让采取行动时应充分考虑到最不发达国家的具体需要和特殊情况。
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| 6. The Contracting Parties shall also take into consideration the special conditions resulting from the dependence on, distribution and location of, biological diversity within developing country Parties, in particular small island States. |
六、缔约国还应考虑到发展中国家缔约国、特别是小岛屿国家中由于对生物多样性的依赖、生物多样性的分布和地点而产生的特殊情况。
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| 7. Consideration shall also be given to the special situation of developing countries, including those that are most environmentally vulnerable, such as those with arid and semi- arid zones, coastal and mountainous areas. |
七、发展中国家应包括环境方面最脆弱，例如境内有干旱和半干旱地带、沿海和山岳地区国家的特殊情况也应予以考虑。
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Article 21
Financial Mechanism |
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| 1. There shall be a mechanism for the provision of financial resources to developing country Parties for purposes of this Convention on a grant or concessional basis the essential elements of which are described in this Article. The mechanism shall function under the authority and guidance of, and be accountable to, the Conference of the Parties for purposes of this Convention. The operations of the mechanism shall be carried out by such institutional structure as may be decided upon by the Conference of the Parties at its first meeting. For purposes of this Convention, the Conference of the Parties shall determine the policy, strategy, programme priorities and eligibility criteria relating to the access to and utilization of such resources. The contributions shall be such as to take into account the need for predictability, adequacy and timely flow of funds referred to in Article 20 in accordance with the amount of resources needed to be decided periodically by the Conference of the Parties and the importance of burden-sharing among the contributing Parties included in the list referred to in Article 20, paragraph 2. Voluntary contributions may also be made by the developed country Parties and by other countries and sources. The mechanism shall operate within a democratic and transparent system of governance. |
一、为本公约的目的，应有一机制在赠与或减让条件的基础上向发展中国家缔约国提供资金，本条中说明其主要内容。该机制应为本公约目的而在缔约国会议权力下履行职责，遵循会议的指导并向其负责。该机制的业务应由缔约国会议第一次会议或将决定采用的一个体制机构开展。为本公约的目的，缔约国会议应确定有关此项资源获取和利用的政策、战略、方案重点和资格标准。捐款额应按照缔约国会议定期决定所需的资金数额，考虑到第二十条所指资金流动量充分、及时且可以预计的需要和列入第二十条第2款所指名单的缴款缔约国分担负担的重要性。发达国家缔约国和其他国家及来源也可自愿提供捐款。该机制应在民主和透明的管理体制内开展业务。 |
| 2. Pursuant to the objectives of this Convention, the Conference of the Parties shall at its first meeting determine the policy, strategy and programme priorities, as well as detailed criteria and guidelines for eligibility for access to and utilization of the financial resources including monitoring and evaluation on a regular basis of such utilization. The Conference of the Parties shall decide on the arrangements to give effect to paragraph 1 above after consultation with the institutional structure entrusted with the operation of the financial mechanism. |
二、依据本公约目标，缔约国会议应在其第一次会议上确定政策、战略和方案重点，以及详细的资格标准和准则，用于资金的获取和利用。包括对此种利用的定期监测和评价。缔约国会议应在同受托负责财务机制运行的体制机构协商后，就实行以上第一款的安排作出决定。
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| 3. The Conference of the Parties shall review the effectiveness of the mechanism established under this Article, including the criteria and guidelines referred to in paragraph 2 above, not less than two years after the entry into force of this Convention and thereafter on a regular basis. Based on such review, it shall take appropriate action to improve the effectiveness of the mechanism if necessary. |
三、缔约国会议应在本公约生效后不迟于两年内，其后在定期基础上，审查依照本条规定设立的财务机制的功效，包括以上第二款所指的标准和准则。根据这种审查，会议应于必要时采取适当行动，以增进该机制的功效。
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| 4. The Contracting Parties shall consider strengthening existing financial institutions to provide financial resources for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. |
四、缔约国应审议如何加强现有的金融机构，以便为生物多样性的保护和持续利用提供资金。
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Article 22
Relationship with Other International Conventions |
第二十二条
与其他国际公约的关系
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| 1. The provisions of this Convention shall not affect the rights and obligations of any Contracting Party deriving from any existing international agreement, except where the exercise of those rights and obligations would cause a serious damage or threat to biological diversity. |
一、本公约的规定不得影响任何缔约国在任何现在国际协定下的权利和义务，除非行使这些权利和义务将严重破坏或威胁生物多样性。
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| 2. Contracting Parties shall implement this Convention with respect to the marine environment consistently with the rights and obligations of States under the law of the sea. |
二、缔约国在海洋环境方面实施本公约不得抵触各国在海洋法下的权利和义务。
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Article 23
Conference of the Parties |
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| 1. A Conference of the Parties is hereby established. The first meeting of the Conference of the Parties shall be convened by the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme not later than one year after the entry into force of this Convention. Thereafter, ordinary meetings of the Conference of the Parties shall be held at regular intervals to be determined by the Conference at its first meeting. |
一、特此设立缔约国会议。缔约国会议第一次会议应由联合国环境规划署执行主任于本公约生效后一年内召开。其后，缔约国会议的常会应依照第一次会议所规定的时间定期举行。
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| 2. Extraordinary meetings of the Conference of the Parties shall be held at such other times as may be deemed necessary by the Conference, or at the written request of any Party, provided that, within six months of the request being communicated to them by the Secretariat, it is supported by at least one third of the Parties. |
二、缔约国会议可于其认为必要的其他时间举行非常会议；如经任何缔约国书面请求，由秘书处将该项请求转致和缔约国后六个月内至少有三分之一缔约国表示支持时，亦可举行非常会议。
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| 3. The Conference of the Parties shall by consensus agree upon and adopt rules of procedure for itself and for any subsidiary body it may establish, as well as financial rules governing the funding of the Secretariat. At each ordinary meeting, it shall adopt a budget for the financial period until the next ordinary meeting. |
三、缔约国会议应以协商一致方式商定和通过它本身的和它可能设立的任何附属机构的议事规则和关于秘书处经费的财务细则。缔约国会议应在每次常会通过到下届常会为止的财政期间的预算。 |
| 4. The Conference of the Parties shall keep under review the implementation of this Convention, and, for this purpose, shall: |
四、缔约国会议应不断审查本公约的实施情形，为此应：
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| (a) Establish the form and the intervals for transmitting the information to be submitted in accordance with Article 26 and consider such information as well as reports submitted by any subsidiary body; |
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| （一）就按照第二十六条规定递送的资料格式及间隔时间，并审议此种资料以及任何附属机构提交的报告；
|
|
| (b) Review scientific, technical and technological advice on biological diversity provided in accordance with Article 25; |
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| （二）审查按照第二十五条提供的关于生物多样性的科学、技术和工艺咨询意见；
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|
| (c) Consider and adopt, as required, protocols in accordance with Article 28; |
|
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| (d) Consider and adopt, as required, in accordance with Articles 29 and 30, amendments to this Convention and its annexes; |
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| （四）视需要按照第二十九和第三十条审议并通过对本公约及其附件的修正；
|
|
| (e) Consider amendments to any protocol, as well as to any annexes thereto, and, if so decided, recommend their adoption to the parties to the protocol concerned; |
|
| （五）审议对任何议定书及其任何附件的修正，如做出修正决定，则建议有关协定书缔约国予以通过；
|
|
| (f) Consider and adopt, as required, in accordance with Article 30, additional annexes to this Convention; |
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| （六）视需要按照第三十条审议并通过本公约的增补附件；
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|
| (g) Establish such subsidiary bodies, particularly to provide scientific and technical advice, as are deemed necessary for the implementation of this Convention; |
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| （七）视实施本公约的需要，设立附属机构，特别是提供科技咨询意见的机构；
|
|
| (h) Contact, through the Secretariat, the executive bodies of conventions dealing with matters covered by this Convention with a view to establishing appropriate forms of cooperation with them; and |
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| （八）通过秘书处，与处理本公约所涉事项的各公约的执行机构进行接触，以期与它们建立适当的合作形式；
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|
| (i) Consider and undertake any additional action that may be required for the achievement of the purposes of this Convention in the light of experience gained in its operation. |
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| （九）参酌实施本公约取得的经验，审议并采取为实现本公约的目的可能需要的任何其他行动。
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|
| 5. The United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency, as well as any State not Party to this Convention, may be represented as observers at meetings of the Conference of the Parties. Any other body or agency, whether governmental or non-governmental, qualified in fields relating to conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, which has informed the Secretariat of its wish to be represented as an observer at a meeting of the Conference of the Parties, may be admitted unless at least one third of the Parties present object. The admission and participation of observers shall be subject to the rules of procedure adopted by the Conference of the Parties. |
五、联合国、其各专门机构和国际原子能机构以及任何非本公约缔约国的国家，均可派观察员出席缔约国会议。任何其他组织或机构，无论是政府性质或非政府性质，只要在与保护和持续利用生物多样性有关领域具有资格，并通知秘书处愿意以观察员身份出席缔约国会议，都可被接纳参加会议，除非有至少三分之一的出席缔约国表示反对。观察员的接纳与参加应遵照缔约国会议通过的议事规则处理。 |
Article 24
Secretariat |
|
| 1. A secretariat is hereby established. Its functions shall be: |
一、特此设立秘书处，其职责如下：
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| (a) To arrange for and service meetings of the Conference of the Parties provided for in Article 23; |
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| （一）为第二十三条规定的缔约国会议作出安排并提供服务；
|
|
| (b) To perform the functions assigned to it by any protocol; |
|
|
| (c) To prepare reports on the execution of its functions under this Convention and present them to the Conference of the Parties; |
|
| （三）编制关于它根据本公约执行职责情况的报告，并提交缔约国会议；
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|
| (d) To coordinate with other relevant international bodies and, in particular to enter into such administrative and contractual arrangements as may be required for the effective discharge of its functions; and |
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| （四）与其他有关国际机构取得协调，特别是订出各种必要的行政和合同协议，以便有效地执行其职责；
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|
| (e) To perform such other functions as may be determined by the Conference of the Parties. |
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|
| 2. At its first ordinary meeting, the Conference of the Parties shall designate the secretariat from amongst those existing competent international organizations which have signified their willingness to carry out the secretariat functions under this Convention. |
二、缔约国会议应在其第一次常会上从那些已经表示愿意执行本公约规定的秘书处职责的现有合格国际组织之中指定某一组织为秘书处。
|
Article 25
Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice |
第二十五条
科学、技术和工艺咨询事务附属机构
|
| 1. A subsidiary body for the provision of scientific, technical and technological advice is hereby established to provide the Conference of the Parties and, as appropriate, its other subsidiary bodies with timely advice relating to the implementation of this Convention. This body shall be open to participation by all Parties and shall be multidisciplinary. It shall comprise government representatives competent in the relevant field of expertise. It shall report regularly to the Conference of the Parties on all aspects of its work.
|
一、特此设立一个提供科学、技术和工艺咨询意见的附属机构，以向缔约国会议、并酌情向它的其他附属机构及时提供有关执行本公约的咨询意见。该机构应开放供所有缔约国参加，并应为多学科性。它应由有关专门知识领域内卓有专长的政府代表组成。它应定期向缔约国会议报告其各个方面的工作。
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| 2. Under the authority of and in accordance with guidelines laid down by the Conference of the Parties, and upon its request, this body shall: |
二、这个机构应在缔约国会议的权力下，按照会议所订的准则并应其要求，应：
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| (a) Provide scientific and technical assessments of the status of biological diversity; |
|
| （一）提供关于生物多样性状况的科学和技术评估意见；
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|
| (b) Prepare scientific and technical assessments of the effects of types of measures taken in accordance with the provisions of this Convention; |
|
| （二）编制有关按照本公约条款所采取各类措施取得的成效的科学和技术评估报告；
|
|
| (c) Identify innovative, efficient and state-of-the-art technologies and know-how relating to the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and advise on the ways and means of promoting development and/or transferring such technologies; |
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| （三）查明有关保护和持续利用生物多样性的创新、有效的和当代最先进的技术和专门技能，并就促进此类技术和开发和／或转让的途径和方法提供咨询意见；
|
|
| (d) Provide advice on scientific programmes and international cooperation in research and development related to conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity; and |
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| （四）就有关保护和持续利用生物多样性的科学方案以及研究和开发方面的国际合作提供咨询意见；
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|
| (e) Respond to scientific, technical, technological and methodological questions that the Conference of the Parties and its subsidiary bodies may put to the body. |
|
| （五）回答缔约国会议及其附属机构可能向其提出的有关科学、技术、工艺和方法的问题。
|
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| 3. The functions, terms of reference, organization and operation of this body may be further elaborated by the Conference of the Parties. |
三、这个机构的职责、权限、组织和业务可由缔约国会议进一步订立。
|
Article 26
Reports |
|
| Each Contracting Party shall, at intervals to be determined by the Conference of the Parties, present to the Conference of the Parties, reports on measures which it has taken for the implementation of the provisions of this Convention and their effectiveness in meeting the objectives of this Convention. |
每一缔约国应按缔约国会议决定的间隔时间，向缔约国会议提交关于该国为执行本公约条款已采取的措施以及这些措施在实现本公约目标方面的成效的报告。
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Article 27
Settlement of Disputes |
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| 1. In the event of a dispute between Contracting Parties concerning the interpretation or application of this Convention, the parties concerned shall seek solution by negotiation.
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一、缔约国之间在就公约的解释或适用方面发生争端时，有关的缔约国应通过谈判方式寻求解决。
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| 2. If the parties concerned cannot reach agreement by negotiation, they may jointly seek the good offices of, or request mediation by, a third party. |
二、如果有关缔约国无法以谈判方式达成协议，它们可以联合要求第三方进行斡旋或要求第三方出面调停。
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| 3. When ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to this Convention, or at any time thereafter, a State or regional economic integration organization may declare in writing to the Depositary that for a dispute not resolved in accordance with paragraph 1 or paragraph 2 above, it accepts one or both of the following means of dispute settlement as compulsory:
|
三、在批准、接受、核准或加入本公约时或其后的任何时候，一个国家或区域经济一体化组织可书面向保管者声明，对按照以上第一或第二款未能解决的争端，它接受下列一种或两种争端解决办法作为强制性办法：
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| (a) Arbitration in accordance with the procedure laid down in Part 1 of Annex II; |
|
|
| (b) Submission of the dispute to the International Court of Justice. |
|
|
| 4. If the parties to the dispute have not, in accordance with
paragraph 3 above, accepted the same or any procedure, the dispute shall be submitted to conciliation in accordance with Part 2 of Annex II unless the parties otherwise agree. |
四、如果争端各方尚未按照以上第三款规定接受同一或任何程序，则这项争端应按照附件二第二部分规定提交调解，除非缔约国另有协议。
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| 5. The provisions of this Article shall apply with respect to any protocol except as otherwise provided in the protocol concerned. |
五、本条规定适用于任何议定书，除非该议定书另有规定。
|
Article 28
Adoption of Protocols |
|
| 1. The Contracting Parties shall cooperate in the formulation and adoption of protocols to this Convention. |
一、缔约国应合作拟订通过本公约的议定书。
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| 2. Protocols shall be adopted at a meeting of the Conference of the Parties. |
二、议定书应由本公约缔约国会议举行会议通过。
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| 3. The text of any proposed protocol shall be communicated to the Contracting Parties by the Secretariat at least six months before such a meeting. |
三、任何拟订议定书的文本应由秘书处至少在举行上述会议以前六个月递交各缔约国。
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Article 29
Amendment of the Convention or Protocols
|
|
| 1. Amendments to this Convention may be proposed by any Contracting Party. Amendments to any protocol may be proposed by any Party to that protocol. |
一、任何缔约国均可就本公约提出修正案。议定书的任何缔约国可就该议定书提出修正案。 |
| 2. Amendments to this Convention shall be adopted at a meeting of the Conference of the Parties. Amendments to any protocol shall be adopted at a meeting of the Parties to the Protocol in question. The text of any proposed amendment to this Convention or to any protocol, except as may otherwise be provided in such protocol, shall be communicated to the Parties to the instrument in question by the secretariat at least six months before the meeting at which it is proposed for adoption. The secretariat shall also communicate proposed amendments to the signatories to this Convention for information. |
二、本公约的修正案应由缔约国会议举行会议通过。对任何议定书的修正案应在该议定书缔约国的会议上通过。就本公约或任何议定书提出的修正案，除非该议定书另有规定，应由秘书处至少在举行拟议通过该修正案的会议以前六个月递交公约或有关议定书缔约国。秘书处也应将拟议的修正案递交本公约的签署国供其参考。 |
| 3. The Parties shall make every effort to reach agreement on any proposed amendment to this Convention or to any protocol by consensus. If all efforts at consensus have been exhausted, and no agreement reached, the amendment shall as a last resort be adopted by a two-third majority vote of the Parties to the instrument in question present and voting at the meeting, and shall be submitted by the Depositary to all Parties for ratification, acceptance or approval. |
三、缔约国应尽力以协商一致方式就本公约或任何议定书的任何拟议修正案达成协议，如果尽了一切努力仍无法以协商一致方式达成协议，则作为最后办法，应以出席并参加表决的有关文书的缔约国三分之二多数票通过修正案；通过的修正案应由保管者送交所有缔约国批准、接受或核准。 |
| 4. Ratification, acceptance or approval of amendments shall be notified to the Depositary in writing. Amendments adopted in accordance with paragraph 3 above shall enter into force among Parties having accepted them on the ninetieth day after the deposit of instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval by at least two thirds of the Contracting Parties to this Convention or of the Parties to the protocol concerned, except as may otherwise be provided in such protocol. Thereafter the amendments shall enter into force for any other Party on the ninetieth day after that Party deposits its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of the amendments. |
四、对修正案的批准、接受或核准，应以书面通知保管者。依照以上第三款通过的修正案，应于至少三分之二公约缔约国或三分之二有关议定书缔约国交存批准、接受或核准书之后第九十天在接受修正案的各缔约国之间生效，除非议定书内另有规定。其后，任何其他缔约国交存其对修正的批准、接受或核准书第九十天之后，修正即对它生效。 |
| 5. For the purposes of this Article, "Parties present and voting" means Parties present and casting an affirmative or negative vote. |
五、对本条而言“出席并参加表决的缔约国”是指在场投赞成票或反对票的缔约国。 |
Article 30
Adoption and Amendment of Annexes |
第三十条
附件的通过和修正
|
| 1. The annexes to this Convention or to any protocol shall form an integral part of the Convention or of such protocol, as the case may be, and, unless expressly provided otherwise, a reference to this Convention or its protocols constitutes at the same time a reference to any annexes thereto. Such annexes shall be restricted to procedural, scientific, technical and administrative matters. |
一、本公约或任何议定书的附件应成为本公约或该议定书的一个构成部分；除非另有规定，凡提及本公约或其议定书时，亦包括其任何附件在内。这种附件应以程序、科学、技术和行政事项为限。 |
| 2. Except as may be otherwise provided in any protocol with respect to its annexes, the following procedure shall apply to the proposal, adoption and entry into force of additional annexes to this Convention or of annexes to any protocol: |
二、任何议定书就其附件可能另有规定者除外，本公约的增补附件或任何议定书的附件的提出、通过和生效，应适用下列程序：
|
| (a) Annexes to this Convention or to any protocol shall be proposed and adopted according to the procedure laid down in Article 29; |
|
| （一）本公约或任何议定书的附件应依照第二十九条规定的程序提出和通过；
|
|
| (b) Any Party that is unable to approve an additional annex to this Convention or an annex to any protocol to which it is Party shall so notify the Depositary, in writing, within one year from the date of the communication of the adoption by the Depositary. The Depositary shall without delay notify all Parties of any such notification received. A Party may at any time withdraw a previous declaration of objection and the annexes shall thereupon enter into force for that Party subject to subparagraph (c) below; |
|
| （二）任何缔约国如果不能接受本公约的某一增补附件或把它作为缔约国的任何议定书的某一附件，应于公约保管者就其通过发出通知之日起一年内将此情况书通知保管者。保管者应于接到任何此种通知后立即通知所有缔约国。一缔约国可于任何时间撤销以前的反对声明，有关附件即按以下（三）项规定对它生效； |
|
| (c) On the expiry of one year from the date of the communication of the adoption by the Depositary, the annex shall enter into force for all Parties to this Convention or to any protocol concerned which have not submitted a notification in accordance with the provisions of subparagraph (b) above. |
|
| （三）在公约保管者就附件通过发出通知之日起满一年后，该附件应对未曾依照以上（二）项发出通知的本公约或任何有关议定书的所有缔经国生效。 |
|
| 3. The proposal, adoption and entry into force of amendments to annexes to this Convention or to any protocol shall be subject to the same procedure as for the proposal, adoption and entry into force of annexes to the Convention or annexes to any protocol. |
三、本公约附件或任何议定书附件的修正案的提出、通过和生效，应遵照本公约附件或议定书附件的提出、通过和生效所适用的同一程序。
|
| 4. If an additional annex or an amendment to an annex is related to an amendment to this Convention or to any protocol, the additional annex or amendment shall not enter into force until such time as the amendment to the Convention or to the protocol concerned enters into force. |
四、如一个增补附件或对某一附件的修正案涉及对本公约或任何议定书的修正，则该增补附件或修正案须于本公约或有关议定书的修正生效以后方能生效。
|
Article 31
Right to Vote |
|
| 1. Except as provided for in paragraph 2 below, each Contracting Party to this Convention or to any protocol shall have one vote. |
一、除以下第二款之规定外，本公约或任何议定书的每一缔约国应有一票表决权。 |
| 2. Regional economic integration organizations, in matters within their competence, shall exercise their right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of their member States which are Contracting Parties to this Convention or the relevant protocol. Such organizations shall not exercise their right to vote if their member States exercise theirs, and vice versa. |
二、区域经济一体化组织对属于其权限事项行使表决权时，其票数相当于其作为本公约或有关议定书缔约国的成员国数目。如果这些组织的成员国行使其表决权，则该组织就不应行使其表决权，反之亦然。 |
Article 32
Relationship between this Convention and Its Protocols |
第三十二条
本公约与其议定书之间的关系
|
| 1. A State or a regional economic integration organization may not become a Party to a protocol unless it is, or becomes at the same time, a Contracting Party to this Convention. |
一、一国或一区域经济一体化组织不得成为议定书缔约国，除非已是或同时成为本公约缔约国。 |
| 2. Decisions under any protocol shall be taken only by the Parties to the protocol concerned. Any Contracting Party that has not ratified, accepted or approved a protocol may participate as an observer in any meeting of the parties to that protocol. |
二、任何议定书下的决定，只应由该议定书缔约国作出。尚未批准、接受、或核准一项议定书的公约缔约国，可以观察员身份参加该议定书缔约国的任何会议。 |
Article 33
Signature |
|
| This Convention shall be open for signature at Rio de Janeiro by all States and any regional economic integration organization from 5 June 1992 until 14 June 1992, and at the United Nations Headquarters in New York from 15 June 1992 to 4 June 1993. |
本公约应从1992年6月5日至14日在里约热内卢，并从1992年6月15日至1993年6月4日在纽约联合国总部公开供各国和各区域经济一体化组织签署。
|
Article 34
Ratification, Acceptance or Approval |
|
| 1. This Convention and any protocol shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by States and by regional economic integration organizations. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Depositary. |
一、本公约和任何议定书须由各国和各区域经济一体化组织批准、接受或核准。批准、接受或核准书应交存公约保管者。
|
| 2. Any organization referred to in paragraph 1 above which becomes a Contracting Party to this Convention or any protocol without any of its member States being a Contracting Party shall be bound by all the obligations under the Convention or the protocol, as the case may be. In the case of such organizations, one or more of whose member States is a Contracting Party to this Convention or relevant protocol, the organization and its member States shall decide on their respective responsibilities for the performance of their obligations under the Convention or protocol, as the case may be. In such cases, the organization and the member States shall not be entitled to exercise rights under the Convention or relevant protocol concurrently. |
二、以上第一款所指的任何组织如成为本公约或任何议定书的缔约组织而该组织没有任何成员国是缔约国，则该缔约国组织应受公约或议定书规定的一切义务的约束。如这种组织及其成员国应就履行其公约或议定书义务和各自责任作出决定。在这种情况下，该组织和成员国不应同时有权行使公约或有关议定书规定的权利。
|
| 3. In their instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval, the organizations referred to in paragraph 1 above shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the matters governed by the Convention or the relevant protocol. These organizations shall also inform the Depositary of any relevant modification in the extent of their competence. |
三、以上第一款所指组织应在其批准、接受或核准书中声明其对本公约或有关议定书所涉事项的权限。这些组织也应将其权限的任何有关变化通知保管者。
|
Article 35
Accession |
|
| 1. This Convention and any protocol shall be open for accession by States and by regional economic integration organizations from the date on which the Convention or the protocol concerned is closed for signature. The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Depositary. |
一、本公约及任何议定书应自公约或有关议定书签署截止日期起开始供各国和各区域经济一体化组织加入。加入书应交付保管者。
|
| 2. In their instruments of accession, the organizations referred to in paragraph 1 above shall declare the extent of their competence with respect to the matters governed by the Convention or the relevant protocol. These organizations shall also inform the Depositary of any relevant modification in the extent of their competence. |
二、以上第1款所指组织应在其加入书中声明其对本公约或有关议定书所涉事项的权限。这些组织也应将其权限的任何有关变化通知保管者。
|
| 3. The provisions of Article 34, paragraph 2, shall apply to regional economic integration organizations which accede to this Convention or any protocol. |
三、第三十四条第二款的规定应适用于加入本公约或任何议定书的区域经济一体化组织。
|
Article 36
Entry Into Force |
|
| 1. This Convention shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the thirtieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. |
一、本公约应于第三十份批准、接受、核准或加入书交存之日以后第九十天后效。
|
| 2. Any protocol shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit of the number of instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, specified in that protocol, has been deposited. |
二、任何议定书应于该议定书订明份数的批准、接受、核准或加入书交存之日以后第九十天生效。
|
| 3. For each Contracting Party which ratifies, accepts or approves this Convention or accedes thereto after the deposit of the thirtieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, it shall enter into force on the ninetieth day after the date of deposit by such Contracting Party of its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession. |
三、对于在第三十份批准、接受、核准或加入书交存后批准、接受、核准本公约或加入本公约的每一缔约国，本公约应于该缔约国的批准、接受、核准或加入书交存之日以后第九十天生效。
|
| 4. Any protocol, except as otherwise provided in such protocol, shall enter into force for a Contracting Party that ratifies, accepts or approves that protocol or accedes thereto after its entry into force pursuant to paragraph 2 above, on the ninetieth day after the date on which that Contracting Party deposits its instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, or on the date on which this Convention enters into force for that Contracting Party, whichever shall be the later. |
四、任何议定书，除非其中另有规定，对于该议定书依照以上第二款规定生效后批准、接受、核准或加入该议定书的缔约国，应于该缔约国的批准、接受、核准或加入书交存之日以后第九十天生效，或于本公约对该缔约国生效之日生效，以两者中较后日期为准。
|
| 5. For the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2 above, any instrument deposited by a regional economic integration organization shall not be counted as additional to those deposited by member States of such organization. |
五、为以上第一和第二款的目的，区域经济一体化组织交存的任何文书不得在该组织成员国所交存文书以外另行计算。 |
Article 37
Reservations |
|
| No reservations may be made to this Convention. |
不得对本公约作任何保留。
|
Article 38
Withdrawals |
|
| 1. At any time after two years from the date on which this Convention has entered into force for a Contracting Party, that Contracting Party may withdraw from the Convention by giving written notification to the Depositary. |
一、任何缔约国于本公约对其生效之日起两年之后的任何时间向公约保管者提出书面通知，可退出本公约。
|
| 2. Any such withdrawal shall take place upon expiry of one year after the date of its receipt by the Depositary, or on such later date as may be specified in the notification of the withdrawal. |
二、这种退出应在保管者接到退出通知之日起一年后生效，或在退出通知是指明的一个较后日期生效。
|
| 3. Any Contracting Party which withdraws from this Convention shall be considered as also having withdrawn from any protocol to which it is party. |
三、任何缔约国一旦退出本公约，即应被视为也已退出它加入的任何议定书。
|
Article 39
Financial Interim Arrangements |
|
| Provided that it has been fully restructured in accordance with the requirements of Article 21, the Global Environment Facility of the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Environment Programme and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development shall be the institutional structure referred to in Article 21 on an interim basis, for the period between the entry into force of this Convention and the first meeting of the Conference of the Parties or until the Conference of the Parties decides which institutional structure will be designated in accordance with Article 21. |
在本公约生效之后至缔约国会议第一次会议期间，或至缔约国会议决定根据第二十一条指定某一体制机构为止，联合国开发计划署、联合国环境规划署和国际复兴开发银行合办的全球环境贷款设施若已按照第二十一条的要求充分改组，则应暂时为第二十一条所指的体制机构。
|
Article 40
Secretariat Interim Arrangements |
|
| The secretariat to be provided by the Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Programme shall be the secretariat referred to in Article 24, paragraph 2, on an interim basis for the period between the entry into force of this Convention and the first meeting of the Conference of the Parties. |
在本公约生效之后至缔约国会议第一次会议期间，联合国环境规划署执行主任提供的秘书处应暂时为第二十四条第二款所指的秘书处。
|
Article 41
Depositary |
|
| The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall assume the functions of Depositary of this Convention and any protocols. |
联合国秘书长应负起本公约及任何议定书的保管者的职责。
|
Article 42
Authentic texts |
|
| The original of this Convention, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary- General of the United Nations. |
本公约原本应交存联合国秘书长，其阿拉伯文、中文、英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文本均为作准文本。 |
| IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have signed this Convention. |
为此，下列签名代表，经正式授权，在本公约上签字，以昭信守。 |
| Done at Rio de Janeiro on this fifth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and ninety- two. |
公元1992年6月5日订于里约热内卢。 |
|
|
Annex I
IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING |
|
| 1. Ecosystems and habitats: containing high diversity, large numbers of endemic or threatened species, or wilderness; required by migratory species; of social, economic, cultural or scientific importance; or, which are representative, unique or associated with key evolutionary or other biological processes; |
一、生态系统和生境：内有高度多样性，大量地方特有物种或威胁物种或原野；为移栖物种所需；具有社会、经济、文化或科学重要性，或具有代表性、独特性或涉及关键进化过程或其他生物进程； |
| 2. Species and communities which are: threatened; wild relatives of domesticated or cultivated species; of medicinal, agricultural or other economic value; or social, scientific or cultural importance; or importance for research into the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, such as indicator species; and
|
二、以下物种和群落：受到威胁；驯化或培殖物种的野生亲缘；具有医药、农业或其他经济价值；具有社会、科学或文化重要性；或对生物多样性保护和持续利用的研究具有重要性，如指标物种；以及 |
| 3. Described genomes and genes of social, scientific or economic importance.
|
三、经述明的具有社会、科学或经济重要性的基因组和基因。 |
Annex II |
|
Part 1
ARBITRATION |
|
Article 1 |
|
| The claimant party shall notify the secretariat that the
parties are referring a dispute to arbitration pursuant to
Article 27. The notification shall state the subject-matter
of arbitration and include, in particular, the articles of the
Convention or the protocol, the interpretation or application
of which are at issue. If the parties do not agree on the
subject matter of the dispute before the President of the
tribunal is designated, the arbitral tribunal shall determine
the subject matter. The secretariat shall forward the
information thus received to all Contracting Parties to this
Convention or to the protocol concerned. |
提出要求一方应通知秘书处，当事各方正依照本公约第二十七条将争端提交仲裁。通知应说明仲裁的主题事项，并特别列入在解释或适用上发生争端的本公约或议定书条款。如果当事各方在法庭长指定之前没有就争端的主题事项达成一致意见，则仲裁法庭应裁定主题事项。秘书处应将收到的上述资料递送本公约或有关议定书的所有缔约国。
|
Article 2 |
|
| 1. In disputes between two parties, the arbitral tribunal
shall consist of three members. Each of the parties to the
dispute shall appoint an arbitrator and the two arbitrators so
appointed shall designate by common agreement the third
arbitrator who shall be the President of the tribunal. The
latter shall not be a national of one of the parties to the
dispute, nor have his or her usual place of residence in the
territory of one of these parties, nor be employed by any of
them, nor have dealt with the case in any other capacity. |
一、对于涉及两个当事方的争端，仲裁法庭应由仲裁员三人组成。争端每一方应指派仲裁员一人，被指派的两位仲裁员应共同协议指定第三位仲裁员，并由他担任法庭庭长。后者不应是争端任何一方的国民，且不得为争端任何一方境内的普通居民，也不得为争端任何一方所雇用，亦不曾以任何其他身份涉及该案件。
|
| 2. In disputes between more than two parties, parties in the same interest shall appoint one arbitrator jointly by agreement. |
二、对于涉及两个以上当事方的争端，利害关系相同的当事方应通过协议共同指派一位仲裁员。
|
| 3. Any vacancy shall be filled in the manner prescribed for
the initial appointment. |
三、任何空缺都应按事先指派时规定的方式填补。
|
Article 3 |
|
| 1. If the President of the arbitral tribunal has not been
designated within two months of the appointment of the second
arbitrator, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall,
at the request of a party, designate the President within a
further two-month period. |
一、如在指派第二位仲裁员后两个月内仍未指定仲裁法庭庭长，联合国秘书长经任何一方请求，应在其后的两个月内指定法庭庭长。
|
| 2. If one of the parties to the dispute does not appoint an
arbitrator within two months of receipt of the request, the
other party may inform the Secretary-General who shall make
the designation within a further two-month period. |
二、如争端一方在接到要求后两个月内没有指派一位仲裁员，另一方可通知联合国秘书长，后者应在其后的两个月内指定一位仲裁员。
|
Article 4 |
|
| The arbitral tribunal shall render its decisions in
accordance with the provisions of this Convention, any
protocols concerned, and international law. |
仲裁法庭应按照本公约，任何有关议定书的国际法的规定作出裁决。
|
Article 5 |
|
| Unless the parties to the dispute otherwise agree, the
arbitral tribunal shall determine its own rules of procedure. |
除非争端各方另有协议，仲裁法庭应制定自己的议事规则。
|
Article 6 |
|
| The arbitral tribunal may, at the request of one of the
parties, recommend essential interim measures of protection. |
仲裁法庭可应当事一方的请求建议必要的临时保护措施。
|
Article 7 |
|
| The parties to the dispute shall facilitate the work of
the arbitral tribunal and, in particular, using all means at
their disposal, shall: |
争端各方应便利仲裁法庭的工作，尤应以一切可用的方法：
|
| (a) Provide it with all relevant documents, information
and facilities; and
|
|
（一）向法庭提供一切有关文件，资料和便利；
|
| (b) Enable it, when necessary, to call witnesses or
experts and receive their evidence.
|
|
（二）在必要时使法庭得以传唤证人或专家作证并接受其证据。
|
Article 8 |
|
| The parties and the arbitrators are under an obligation to
protect the confidentiality of any information they receive in
confidence during the proceedings of the arbitral tribunal. |
当事各方和仲裁员都有义务保护其在仲裁法庭诉讼期间秘密接受的资料的机密性。
|
Article 9 |
|
| Unless the arbitral tribunal determines otherwise because
of the particular circumstances of the case, the costs of the
tribunal shall be borne by the parties to the dispute in equal
shares. The tribunal shall keep a record of all its costs,
and shall furnish a final statement thereof to the parties.
|
除非仲裁法庭因案情特殊而另有决定，法庭的开支应由争端各方平均分担，法庭应保存一份所有开支的记录，并向争端各方提送一份开支决算表。
|
Article 10 |
|
| Any Contracting Party that has an interest of a legal
nature in the subject-matter of the dispute which may be
affected by the decision in the case, may intervene in the
proceedings with the consent of the tribunal. |
任何缔约国在争端的主题事项方面有法律性质的利害关系，可能因该案件的裁决受到影响，经法庭同意可以参加仲裁程序。
|
Article 11 |
|
| The tribunal may hear and determine counterclaims arising
directly out of the subject-matter of the dispute.
|
法庭可就争端的主题事项直接引起的反诉听取陈述并作出裁决。
|
Article 12 |
|
| Decisions both on procedure and substance of the arbitral
tribunal shall be taken by a majority vote of its members. |
仲裁法庭关于程序问题和实质问题的裁决都应以其成员的多数票作出。
|
Article 13 |
|
| If one of the parties to the dispute does not appear
before the arbitral tribunal or fails to defend its case, the
other party may request the tribunal to continue the
proceedings and to make its award. Absence of a party or a
failure of a party to defend its case shall not constitute a
bar to the proceedings. Before rendering its final decision,
the arbitral tribunal must satisfy itself that the claim is
well founded in fact and law. |
争端一方不到案或不辩护其主张时，他方可请求仲裁法庭继续进行仲裁程序并作出裁决。一方缺席或不辩护其主张不应妨碍仲裁程序的进行。仲裁法庭在作出裁决之前，必须查明该要求在事实上和法律上都确有根据。
|
Article 14 |
|
| The tribunal shall render its final decision within five
months of the date on which it is fully constituted unless it
finds it necessary to extend the time-limit for a period which
should not exceed five more months. |
除非法庭认为必须延长期限，法庭应在组成后五个月内作出裁决，延长的期限不得超过五个月。
|
Article 15 |
|
| The final decision of the arbitral tribunal shall be
confined to the subject-matter of the dispute and shall state
the reasons on which it is based. It shall contain the names
of the members who have participated and the date of the final
decision. Any member of the tribunal may attach a separate or
dissenting opinion to the final decision. |
裁决应以对争端的主题事项为限，并应阐明所根据的理由。裁决书应载明参与裁决的仲裁员姓名以及作出裁决的日期。任何仲裁员都可以有裁决书上附加个别意见或异议。
|
Article 16 |
|
| The award shall be binding on the parties to the dispute.
It shall be without appeal unless the parties to the dispute
have agreed in advance to an appellate procedure. |
裁决对于争端各方具有拘束力。裁决不得上诉，除非争端各方事前议定某种上诉程序。
|
Article 17 |
|
| Any controversy which may arise between the parties to the
dispute as regards the interpretation or manner of
implementation of the final decision may be submitted by
either party for decision to the arbitral tribunal which
rendered it. |
争端各方如对裁决的解释或执行方式有任何争执，任何一方都可以提请作出裁决的仲裁法庭作出决定。
|
Part 2
CONCILIATION |
|
Article 1 |
|
| A conciliation commission shall be created upon the
request of one of the parties to the dispute. The commission
shall, unless the parties otherwise agree, be composed of five
members, two appointed by each Party concerned and a President
chosen jointly by those members. |
应争端一方的请求，应设立调解委员会。除非当事方另有协议，委员会应由五位委员组成，每一方指定二位成员，主席则由这些成员共同选定。
|
Article 2 |
|
| In disputes between more than two parties, parties in the
same interest shall appoint their members of the commission
jointly by agreement. Where two or more parties have separate
interests or there is a disagreement as to whether they are of
the same interest, they shall appoint their members
separately. |
对涉及两个以上当事方的争端，利害关系相同的当事方应通过协议共同指派其调解委员会成员。如果两个或两个以上当事方持有个别的利害关系或对他们是否利害关系相同持有分歧意见，则应分别指派其成员。
|
Article 3 |
|
| If any appointments by the parties are not made within two
months of the date of the request to create a conciliation
commission, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall,
if asked to do so by the party that made the request, make
those appointments within a further two-month period. |
如果在请求设立调解委员会后两个月内当事方未指派任何成员，联合国秘书长按照提出请求的当事方的请求，应在其后两个月内指定这些成员。
|
Article 4 |
|
| If a President of the conciliation commission has not been
chosen within two months of the last of the members of the
commission being appointed, the Secretary-General of the
United Nations shall, if asked to do so by a party, designate
a President within a further two-month period. |
如在调解委员会最后一位成员指派以后两个月内尚未选定委员会主席，联合国秘书长经一方请求，应在其后两个月内指定一位主席。
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Article 5 |
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| The conciliation commission shall take its decisions by
majority vote of its members. It shall, unless the parties to
the dispute otherwise agree, determine its own procedure. It
shall render a proposal for resolution of the dispute, which
the parties shall consider in good faith. |
调解委员会应按其成员多数票作出决定。除非争端各方另有协议，它应制定其程度。它应提出解决争端的建议，而当事方应予认真考虑。
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Article 6 |
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| A disagreement as to whether the conciliation commission
has competence shall be decided by the commission. |
对于调解委员会是否拥有权限的意见分歧，应由委员会作出决定。
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