第一节　总则和基本原则

Section A
General Provisions And Basic Principles

Section A:
General Provisions

A节：总则

第一条　目标

Article 11.1: Objectives

Article 18.4: Understandings in Respect of this Chapter

第18.4条：关于本章的谅解

　　一、本章旨在通过有效和充分的创造、运用、保护和实施知识产权权利来深化经济一体化和合作，以减少对贸易和投资的扭曲和阻碍，同时认识到：

1.　The objective of this Chapter is to reduce distortion and impediments to trade and investment by promoting deeper economic integration and cooperation through the effective and adequate creation, utilisation, protection, and enforcement of intellectual property rights, while recognising:

　　Having regard to the underlying public policy objectives of national systems, the Parties recognise the need to:

　　考虑到国家体系的基本公共政策目标，缔约方认识到需要通过各自知识产权制度：

　　（一）缔约方间不同的经济发展水平和能力，以及各国法律制度的差异；

(a) the Parties’ different levels of economic development and capacity, and differences in national legal systems;

　　（二）促进创新和创造的需要；

(b) the need to promote innovation and creativity;

(a) promote innovation and creativity;

　　（a）促进创新和创造力；

　　（三）维持知识产权权利持有人的权利，知识产权使用者的合法权益，以及公共利益之间适当平衡的需要；

(c) the need to maintain an appropriate balance between the rights of intellectual property right holders and the legitimate interests of users and the public interest;

　　（四）便利信息、知识、内容、文化和艺术传播的重要性；以及

(d) the importance of facilitating the diffusion of information, knowledge, content, culture, and the arts; and

(b) facilitate the diffusion of information, knowledge, technology, culture and the arts; and

　　（b）便利信息、知识、技术、文化和艺术的传播；以及

(c) foster competition and open and efficient markets,

　　（c）培育竞争、开放和有效率的市场；

　　（五）制定和维持透明的知识产权制度，并推动和维持充分和有效的知识产权权利的保护和实施，为权利持有人和使用者提供信心。

(e) that establishing and maintaining a transparent intellectual property system and promoting and maintaining adequate and effective protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights provide confidence to right holders and users.

through their respective intellectual property systems, while respecting the principles of transparency and due process, and taking into account the interests of relevant stakeholders, including right holders, service providers, users and the public.

同时尊重透明度和正当程序原则，并考虑相关利益相关者的利益，包括权利人、服务提供者、使用者和公众。

　　二、知识产权权利的保护和实施应该有助于促进技术创新和技术转让及传播，以利于社会和经济福利的方式推动技术知识的创造者和使用者的共同利益，并且有助于权利与义务的平衡。

2.　The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights should contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and to the transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of producers and users of technological knowledge and in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare, and to a balance of rights and obligations.

Article 18.2: Objectives

第18.2条：目标

　　The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights should contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and to the transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of producers and users of technological knowledge and in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare, and to a balance of rights and obligations.

　　知识产权的保护和实施应有助于促进技术创新，有助于技术转让和传播，有助于技术知识的创造者和使用者的相互获益且有助于社会和经济福利，并有助于权利与义务的平衡。

第二条　知识产权的范围

Article 11.2: Scope of Intellectual Property

　　就本章而言，知识产权指《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第二部分第一至七节所指的著作权和相关权利，商标、地理标志、工业设计和专利、集成电路布图设计（拓扑图）、保护植物品种，以及对未披露信息的保护。

　　For the purposes of this Chapter, “intellectual property” means copyright and related rights, trademarks, geographical indications, industrial designs, patents, layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits, protection of plant varieties, and protection of undisclosed information, as referred to in Sections 1 through 7 of Part II of the TRIPS Agreement.

第三条　与其他协定的关系¹

Article 11.3: Relation to Other Agreements¹

　　关于知识产权，如本章的某一规定与《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》的某一规定不一致时，在此类不一致的范围内应当以后者为准。

　　In relation to intellectual property, in the event of any inconsistency between a provision of this Chapter and a provision of the TRIPS Agreement, the latter shall prevail to the extent of such inconsistency.

¹就本条而言，缔约方同意本章对知识产权的保护范围超出了《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》的要求，但这并不意味着本条和协定第二十章第二条（与其他协定的关系）的第二款所指存在不一致。

¹For the purposes of the application of this Article, the Parties agree that the fact that this Chapter provides for more extensive protection of intellectual property than is required by the TRIPS Agreement does not mean there is an inconsistency within the meaning of this Article and paragraph 2 of Article 20.2 (Relation to Other Agreements).

第四条　原则

Article 11.4: Principles

Article 18.3: Principles

第18.3条：原则

　　一、一缔约方在制定或修订法律法规时，可以在对其社会经济和技术发展至关重要的领域采取必要措施，以保护公众健康与营养和促进公共利益，前提是相关措施与本章一致。

1.　A Party may, in formulating or amending its laws and regulations, adopt measures necessary to protect public health and nutrition and to promote the public interest in sectors of vital importance to its socio-economic and technological development, provided that such measures are consistent with this Chapter.

1.　A Party may, in formulating or amending its laws and regulations, adopt measures necessary to protect public health and nutrition, and to promote the public interest in sectors of vital importance to their socio-economic and technological development, provided that such measures are consistent with the provisions of this Chapter.

　　1．在制定或修正其法律法规时，一缔约方可采取对保护公共健康和营养所必需的和促进对其社会经济和技术发展至关重要部门公共利益所必需的措施，只要此类措施与本章的规定相一致。

　　二、可能需要采取与本章一致的适当措施，以防止权利人滥用知识产权权利或采取不合理地限制贸易或对国际技术转让产生不利影响的做法。²

2.　Appropriate measures, provided that they are consistent with this Chapter, may be needed to prevent the abuse of intellectual property rights by right holders or the resort to practices which unreasonably restrain trade or adversely affect the international transfer of technology.²

2.　Appropriate measures, provided that they are consistent with the provisions of this Chapter, may be needed to prevent the abuse of intellectual property rights by right holders or the resort to practices which unreasonably restrain trade or adversely affect the international transfer of technology.

　　2．可能需要采取适当措施以防止权利持有人滥用知识产权或防止采取不合理限制贸易或对国际技术转让造成不利影响的做法，只要此类措施与本章的规定相一致。

²缔约方认识到，拥有知识产权权利本身并不一定产生市场支配地位。

²The Parties recognise that intellectual property rights by themselves do not necessarily confer market dominance.

　　三、除第二款外，缔约方认识到促进竞争的需要。

3.　Further to paragraph 2, the Parties recognise the need to foster competition.

第五条　义务

Article 11.5: Obligations

Article 18.5: Nature and Scope of Obligations

第18.5条：义务的性质和范围

　　每一缔约方应当执行本章的规定。一缔约方可以，在其法律中执行比本章要求更广泛的保护，只要此类保护不违反本章的规定，但并无强制性义务。每一缔约方应当自由决定在其法律制度和实践中执行本章规定的适当方法。

　　Each Party shall give effect to the provisions of this Chapter. A Party may, but shall not be obliged to, implement in its law more extensive protection than is required by this Chapter, provided that such protection does not contravene this Chapter. Each Party shall be free to determine the appropriate method of implementing this Chapter within its own legal system and practice.

　　Each Party shall give effect to the provisions of this Chapter. A Party may, but shall not be obliged to, provide more extensive protection for, or enforcement of, intellectual property rights under its law than is required by this Chapter, provided that such protection or enforcement does not contravene the provisions of this Chapter. Each Party shall be free to determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this Chapter within its own legal system and practice.

　　每一缔约方均应实施本章的规定。一缔约方可以，但并无义务，在其法律中为知识产权提供比本章所要求的更为广泛的保护或执行，只要此种保护或执行不违反本章的规定。每一缔约方应有权在其各自的法律制度和实践中确定实施本章规定的适当方法。

第六条　知识产权权利用尽

Article 11.6: Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights

Article 18.11: Exhaustion of Intellectual Property Rights

第18.11条：知识产权的权利用尽

　　每一缔约方应当有权建立其各自的知识产权权利用尽制度。

　　Each Party shall be free to establish its own regime for exhaustion of intellectual property rights.

　　Nothing in this Agreement prevents a Party from determining whether or under what conditions the exhaustion of intellectual property rights applies under its legal system.⁸

　　本协定中任何条款不阻止一缔约方在其法律制度内确定是否适用及在何种条件下适用知识产权的权利用尽。⁸

⁸For greater certainty, this Article is without prejudice to any provisions addressing the exhaustion of intellectual property rights in international agreements to which a Party is a party.

⁸为进一步明确，本条不损害一缔约方参加的国际协定中处理知识产权用尽的任何规定。

第七条　国民待遇

Article 11.7: National Treatment

Article 18.8: National Treatment

第18.8条：国民待遇

　　一、除一缔约方加入的《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》和世界知识产权组织（本章下称“WIPO”）管理的多边协定中规定的例外情况外，每一缔约方应给予其他缔约方的国民³不低于其本国国民在知识产权保护⁴方面的优惠待遇。

1.　Each Party shall accord to the nationals³ of other Parties treatment no less favourable than that it accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection⁴ of intellectual property, subject to the exceptions provided in the TRIPS Agreement and in the multilateral agreements administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (hereinafter referred to as “WIPO” in this Chapter), to which that Party is party.

1.　In respect of all categories of intellectual property covered in this Chapter,³ each Party shall accord to nationals of another Party treatment no less favourable than it accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection⁴ of intellectual property rights.

　　1．对于本章涵盖的所有类别的知识产权，³每一缔约方在知识产权保护⁴方面，给予另一缔约方国民的待遇不得低于其给予本国国民的待。

³就本款而言，一缔约方的“国民”应当包括，就相关权利而言，在第一章第二条（一般定义）第（二十）项中定义的、符合第十一章第九条（多边协定）和《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》所列保护资格标准的该缔约方任何人。

³For the purposes of this paragraph, a “national” of a Party shall include, in respect of the relevant right, any person as defined in subparagraph (t) of Article 1.2 (General Definitions) of that Party that would meet the criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in the agreements listed in Article 11.9 (Multilateral Agreements) and the TRIPS Agreement.

参见第18.1条（定义）第2款——国民指，对于相关权利，符合第18.7条（国际协定）中所列协定或《TRIPS协定》中所规定的保护资格标准的一缔约方的人。

参见第18.1条（定义）第2款——国民指，对于相关权利，符合第18.7条（国际协定）中所列协定或《TRIPS协定》中所规定的保护资格标准的一缔约方的人。

³For greater certainty, with respect to copyrights and related rights that are not covered under Section H (Copyright and Related Rights), nothing in this Agreement limits a Party from taking an otherwise permissible derogation from national treatment with respect to those rights.

³为进一步明确，对于H节（版权和相关权 ）未涵盖的版权和相关权，本协定中任何条款不限制一缔约方对这些权利采取在其他情况下允许的对国民待遇的减损。

⁴就本款而言，“保护”包括影响知识产权权利可获得性、取得、范围、维持和实施的事项，以及本章特别涵盖的影响知识产权权利使用的事项。

⁴For the purposes of this paragraph, “protection” includes matters affecting the availability, acquisition, scope, maintenance, and enforcement of intellectual property rights as well as matters affecting the use of intellectual property rights specifically covered by this Chapter.

⁴For the purposes of this paragraph, “protection” shall include matters affecting the availability, acquisition, scope, maintenance and enforcement of intellectual property rights as well as matters affecting the use of intellectual property rights specifically covered by this Chapter.

⁴就本款而言，“保护”应包括影响知识产权的效力、获得、范围、维持和执行的事项以及影响本章具体涵盖的知识产权使用的事项。

此外，就本款而言，“保护”还包括以下规定：

Further, for the purposes of this paragraph, “protection” also includes the provisions concerning:

Further, for the purposes of this paragraph, “protection” also includes

此外，就本款而言，“保护”还包括

　　（一）第十一章第十四条（规避有效技术措施）所列的有效技术措施；以及

(a) effective technological measures set out in Article 11.14 (Circumvention of Effective Technological Measures); and

the prohibition on the circumvention of effective technological measures set out in Article 18.68 (TPMs) and

禁止规避第18.68条（技术保护措施）中所列有效技术措施和

　　（二）第十一章第十五条（保护权利管理电子信息）规定的权利管理信息。

(b) rights management information set out in Article 11.15 (Protection for Electronic Rights Management Information).

the provisions concerning rights management information set out in Article 18.69 (RMI).

第18.69条（权利管理信息）中所列有关权利管理信息的规定。

For greater certainty, “matters affecting the use of intellectual property rights specifically covered by this Chapter” in respect of works, performances and phonograms, include any form of payment, such as licensing fees, royalties, equitable remuneration, or levies, in respect of uses that fall under the copyright and related rights in this Chapter. The preceding sentence is without prejudice to a Party’s interpretation of “matters affecting the use of intellectual property rights” in footnote 3 of the TRIPS Agreement.

为进一步明确，对于作品、表演和录音制品，“影响本章具体涵盖的知识产权使用的事项”，包括任何形式的对归入本章中版权和相关权的使用的支付，例如许可费、许可权使用费、合理报酬或征税。前句不损害一缔约方对《TRIPS协定》脚注3中“影响知识产权使用的事项”的解释。

2.　With respect to secondary uses of phonograms by means of analog communications and free over-the-air broadcasting, however, a Party may limit the rights of the performers and producers of another Party to the rights its persons are accorded within the jurisdiction of that other Party.

　　2．然而对于通过模拟通信和免费无线广播对录音制品的二次使用，一缔约方可将另一缔约方的表演者和制作者的权利限定为该缔约方的人在该另一缔约方管辖范围内被给予的权利。

　　二、一缔约方可以借助第一款所提及的与其司法和行政程序相关的例外，包括要求另一缔约方的国民在其领土内指定送达地址，或在其领土内指定代理人，只要此类例外：

2.　A Party may avail itself of the exceptions referred to in paragraph 1 in relation to its judicial and administrative procedures, including requiring a national of another Party to designate an address for service of process in its territory, or to appoint an agent in its territory, only where such exceptions are:

3.　A Party may derogate from paragraph 1 in relation to its judicial and administrative procedures, including requiring a national of another Party to designate an address for service of process in its territory, or to appoint an agent in its territory, provided that such derogation is:

　　 3．一缔约方可在其司法和行政程序方面减损第1款，包括要求另一缔约方国民在其领土内指定送达地址，或在其领土内委派代理人，只要此种减损：

　　（一）是确保遵守其与本章没有抵触的法律法规所必需的；以及

(a) necessary to secure compliance with its laws and regulations that are not inconsistent with this Chapter; and

(a) necessary to secure compliance with laws or regulations that are not inconsistent with this Chapter; and

　　（a）为保证遵守与本章不相抵触的法律或法规所必需的；及

　　（二）不以对贸易构成变相限制的方式实施。

(b) not applied in a manner that would constitute a disguised restriction on trade.

(b) not applied in a manner that would constitute a disguised restriction on trade.

　　（b）不以对贸易构成变相限制的方式实施。

　　三、第一款项下的义务不得适用于在WIPO主持下缔结的多边协定中与取得或维持知识产权权利相关的程序。

3.　The obligations under paragraph 1 do not apply to procedures provided in multilateral agreements concluded under the auspices of WIPO relating to the acquisition or maintenance of intellectual property rights.

4.　Paragraph 1 does not apply to procedures provided in multilateral agreements concluded under the auspices of WIPO relating to the acquisition or maintenance of intellectual property rights.

　　4．第1 款不适用于在WIPO主持下缔结的多边协定中所规定的与获得或维持知识产权相关的程序。

第八条　《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》与公共健康

Article 11.8: The TRIPS Agreement and Public Health

Article 18.6: Understandings Regarding Certain Public Health Measures

第18.6条：关于特定公共健康措施的共识

　　一、缔约方重申2001年11月14日通过的《关于〈与贸易有关的知识产权协定〉与公共健康多哈宣言》。具体而言，缔约方就本章达成如下谅解：

1.　The Parties reaffirm the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health adopted on 14 November 2001. In particular, the Parties have reached the following understandings regarding this Chapter:

1.　The Parties affirm their commitment to the Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health. In particular, the Parties have reached the following understandings regarding this Chapter:

　　 1．缔约方确认其在《TRIPS与公共健康宣言》中的承诺。特别是，缔约方已就本章达成下列谅解：

　　（一）缔约方确认《关于〈与贸易有关的知识产权协定〉与公共健康多哈宣言》中正式认可的充分利用灵活性的权利；

(a) the Parties affirm the right to fully use the flexibilities as duly recognised in the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health;

(a) The obligations of this Chapter do not and should not prevent a Party from taking measures to protect public health. Accordingly, while reiterating their commitment to this Chapter, the Parties affirm that this Chapter can and should be interpreted and implemented in a manner supportive of each Party’s right to protect public health and, in particular, to promote access to medicines for all. Each Party has the right to determine what constitutes a national emergency or other circumstances of extreme urgency, it being understood that public health crises, including those relating to HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other epidemics, can represent a national emergency or other circumstances of extreme urgency.

　　（a）本章的义务不会且不得阻止一缔约方采取措施保护公共健康。因此，在重申其对本章承诺的同时，缔约方确认，本章能够且应该以支持每一缔约方保护公共健康，特别是促进所有人获得药物的权利的方式加以解释和实施。每一缔约方有权确定构成国家紧急状态或其他极端紧急的情况，各方理解公共健康危机，包括与艾滋病病毒／艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾和其他传染病相关的公共健康危机，可以构成国家紧急状态或其他极端紧急的情况。

　　（二）缔约方同意本章不阻止且不应阻止一缔约方采取保护公共健康的措施；以及

(b) the Parties agree that this Chapter does not and should not prevent a Party from taking measures to protect public health; and

　　（三）缔约方确认本章的解释和执行可以且应支持每一缔约方保护公共健康的权利，特别是促进所有人获得药品。

(c) the Parties affirm that this Chapter can and should be interpreted and implemented in a manner supportive of each Party’s right to protect public health and, in particular, to promote access to medicines for all.

　　二、认识到缔约方在获得药品和公共健康方面的承诺，本章不阻止且不应阻止对《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第三十一条之二以及《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》附件和附件附录的有效使用。

2.　In recognition of the Parties’ commitment to access to medicines and public health, this Chapter does not and should not prevent the effective utilisation of Article 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, and the Annex and Appendix to the Annex to the TRIPS Agreement.

(b) In recognition of the commitment to access to medicines that are supplied in accordance with the Decision of the WTO General Council of August 30, 2003 on the Implementation of Paragraph Six of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (WT/L/540) and the WTO General Council Chairman’s Statement Accompanying the Decision (JOB(03)/177, WT/GC/M/82), as well as the Decision of the WTO General Council of December 6, 2005 on the Amendment of the TRIPS Agreement, (WT/L/641) and the WTO General Council Chairperson’s Statement Accompanying the Decision (JOB(05)/319 and Corr. 1,WT/GC/M/100) (collectively, the “TRIPS/health solution”), this Chapter does not and should not prevent the effective utilisation of the TRIPS/health solution.

　　（b）认识到关于获得依照如下宣言和决定所提供药物的承诺：即WTO总理事会2003年8月30日《关于执行〈TRIPS协定与公共健康多哈宣言〉第6段的决定》（WT/L/540）和该决定所附WTO总理事会主席声明（JOB(03)/177, WT/GC/M/82）以及WTO总理事会2005年12月6日《关于〈TRIPS协定〉修正案的决定》（WT/L/641）和该决定所附WTO总理事会主席声明（JOB(05)319和Corr.1, WT/GC/M/100）（以上统称“TRIPS／健康解决方案”）所提出的获取药物的承诺，本章不会且不得妨碍TRIPS／健康解决方案的有效利用。

　　三、缔约方认识到为推动实施《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第三十一条之二以及《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》附件和附件附录的国际努力作贡献的重要性。

3.　The Parties recognise the importance of contributing to the international efforts to implement Article 31bis of the TRIPS Agreement, and the Annex and Appendix to the Annex to the TRIPS Agreement.

(c) With respect to the aforementioned matters, if any waiver of any provision of the TRIPS Agreement, or any amendment of the TRIPS Agreement, enters into force with respect to the Parties, and a Party’s application of a measure in conformity with that waiver or amendment is contrary to the obligations of this Chapter, the Parties shall immediately consult in order to adapt this Chapter as appropriate in the light of the waiver or amendment.

　　（c）对于上述事项，如对《TRIPS协定》任何条款的任何豁免或对《TRIPS协定》的任何修正对缔约方生效，且一缔约方所实施的与该豁免或修正相符的措施与本章的义务相违背，则缔约方应立即进行磋商，以便依照该豁免或修正酌情修改本章。

2.　Each Party shall notify, if it has not already done so, the WTO of its acceptance of the Protocol amending the TRIPS Agreement, done at Geneva on December 6, 2005.

　　 2．每一缔约方，如其尚未作出通知，则应将其接受2005年12月6日订于日内瓦的《关于修正〈TRIPS协定〉的议定书》一事向WTO作出通知。

第九条　多边协定

Article 11.9: Multilateral Agreements

Article 18.7: International Agreements

第18.7条：国际协定

　　一、每一缔约方，如非下列多边协定的缔约方，应当批准或加入下列多边协定：

1.　Each Party shall ratify or accede to the following multilateral agreements to which it is not yet party:

1.　Each Party affirms that it has ratified or acceded to the following agreements:

　　1．每一缔约方确认其已经批准或加入下列协定：

　　（一）《保护工业产权巴黎公约》，1883年3月20日于巴黎签订，1967年7月14日在斯德哥尔摩修订，并于1979年9月28日修正（本章下称《巴黎公约》）；

(a) the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property done at Paris on 20 March 1883, as revised at Stockholm on 14 July 1967 and amended on 28 September 1979 (hereinafter referred to as the “Paris Convention” in this Chapter);

(b) Paris Convention

　　（b）《巴黎公约》

　　（二）《保护文学艺术作品伯尔尼公约》，1886年9月9日于伯尔尼签订，1971年7月24日在巴黎修订，并于1979年9月28日修正（本章下称《伯尔尼公约》）；

(b) the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works done at Berne on 9 September 1886, as revised at Paris on 24 July 1971 and amended on 28 September 1979 (hereinafter referred to as the “Berne Convention” in this Chapter);

(c) Berne Convention

　　（c）《伯尔尼公约》

　　（三）《专利合作条约》，1970年6月19日于华盛顿签订，1979年9月28日修正，并于1984年2月3日及2001年10月3日修改（本章下称“PCT”）；

(c) the Patent Cooperation Treaty done at Washington on 19 June 1970, as amended on 28 September 1979 and modified on 3 February 1984 and 3 October 2001 (hereinafter referred to as the “PCT” in this Chapter);

(a) Patent Cooperation Treaty, as amended September 28, 1979

　　（a）1979年9月28日修正的《专利合作条约》

2.　Each Party shall ratify or accede to each of the following agreements, if it is not already a party to that agreement, by the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party:

　　 2．每一缔约方如尚未成为下列协定参加方，则应在截至本协定对该缔约方生效之日批准或加入下列每一协定：

　　（四）《商标国际注册马德里协定有关议定书》，1989年6月27日于马德里通过，2006年10月3日及2007年11月12日修正（本章下称《马德里议定书》）；

(d) the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks adopted at Madrid on 27 June 1989, as amended on 3 October 2006 and 12 November 2007 (hereinafter referred to as the “Madrid Protocol” in this Chapter);

(a) Madrid Protocol

　　（a）《马德里议定书》

　　（五）《世界知识产权组织著作权条约》，1996年12月20日于日内瓦通过（本章下称“WCT”）；

(e) the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted in Geneva on 20 December 1996 (hereinafter referred to as the “WCT” in this Chapter);

(e) WCT

　　（e）WCT

　　（六）《世界知识产权组织表演和录音制品条约》，1996年12月20日于日内瓦通过（本章下称“WPPT”）；以及

(f) the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty adopted in Geneva on 20 December 1996 (hereinafter referred to as the “WPPT” in this Chapter); and

(f) WPPT

　　（f）WPPT

　　（七）《关于为盲人、视力障碍者或其他印刷品阅读障碍者获得已出版作品提供便利的马拉喀什条约》，2013年6月27日于马拉喀什通过（本章下称《马拉喀什条约》）。

(g) the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled adopted in Marrakesh on 27 June 2013 (hereinafter referred to as the “Marrakesh Treaty” in this Chapter).

　　二、每一缔约方，如非下列协定的缔约方，应当致力于批准或加入下列多边协定：《国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约》，1977年4月28日于布达佩斯签订，于1980年9月26日修正。

2.　Each Party shall endeavour to ratify or accede to the following multilateral agreement to which it is not yet party: the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure done at Budapest on 28 April 1977, as amended on 26 September 1980.

(b) Budapest Treaty

　　（b）《布达佩斯条约》

　　三、如任一缔约方有意批准或加入下列任何多边协定，该缔约方可以寻求与其他缔约方合作以支持其批准或加入以及执行该多边协定：

3.　If any Party intends to ratify or accede to any of the following multilateral agreements, it may seek to cooperate with other Parties to support its ratification or accession to and its implementation of that multilateral agreement:

　　（一）《国际植物新品种保护公约（1991年文本）》，于1991年3月19日在日内瓦修订；

(a) the 1991 Act of International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants as revised at Geneva on 19 March 1991;

(d) UPOV 1991²

　　（d）1991年UPOV公约²

²Annex 18-A applies to this subparagraph.

²附件18-A适用于本项。

　　（二）《工业品外观设计国际注册海牙协定（日内瓦文本）》，于1999年7月2日在日内瓦签订；

(b) the Geneva Act of the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Industrial Designs done at Geneva on 2 July 1999;

　　（三）《保护表演者、音像制品制作者和广播组织罗马公约》，于1961年10月26日在罗马签订（本章下称“《罗马公约》”）；以及

(c) the International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations done at Rome on 26 October 1961 (hereinafter referred to as the “Rome Convention” in this Chapter); and

　　（四）《商标法新加坡条约》，于2006年3月27日在新加坡签订。

(d) the Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks done at Singapore on 27 March 2006.

(c) Singapore Treaty¹

　　（c）《新加坡条约》¹

¹A Party may satisfy the obligations in paragraph 2(a) and 2(c) by ratifying or acceding to either the Madrid Protocol or the Singapore Treaty.

¹一缔约方可以通过批准或加入《马德里议定书》或《新加坡条约》两者之一以履行第2款（a）项和第2款（c）项中的义务。

Article 18.9: Transparency

第18.9条：透明度

Article 18.10: Application of Chapter to Existing Subject Matter and Prior Acts

第18.10条　本章对现有客体和先前行为的适用

1.　Unless otherwise provided in this Chapter, including in Article 18.64 (Application of Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement), this Chapter gives rise to obligations in respect of all subject matter existing at the date of entry into force of this Agreement for a Party and that is protected on that date in the territory of a Party where protection is claimed, or that meets or comes subsequently to meet the criteria for protection under this Chapter.

　　 1．除非本章中另有规定，包括在第18.64条（《伯尔尼公约》第18条和《TRIPS协定》第14条第6款的适用）中另有规定，否则本章对在本协定对一缔约方生效之日已存在且于当日在要求获得保护的一缔约方领土内受到保护的所有客体，或满足或此后满足本章下保护标准的所有客体，均产生义务。

2.　Unless provided in Article 18.64 (Application of Article 18 of the Berne Convention and Article 14.6 of the TRIPS Agreement), a Party shall not be required to restore protection to subject matter that on the date of entry into force of this Agreement for that Party has fallen into the public domain in its territory.

　　 2．除非第18.64条（《伯尔尼公约》第18条和TRIPS协定第14条第6款的适用）中设有规定，否则不得要求一缔约方对本协定对该缔约方生效之日在其领土内已属公有领域的客体恢复保护。

3.　This Chapter does not give rise to obligations in respect of acts that occurred before the date of entry into force of this Agreement for a Party.

　　3．本章对于本协定对一缔约方生效之日前发生的行为不产生义务。

Article 18.1: Definitions

第18.1条：定义

1.　For the purposes of this Chapter:

　　1．就本章而言：

Berne Convention means the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, as revised at Paris, July 24, 1971;

　　《伯尔尼公约》指1971年7月24日修订于巴黎的《保护文学和艺术作品伯尔尼公约》；

Budapest Treaty means the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure (1977), as amended on September 26, 1980;

　　《布达佩斯条约》指1980年9月26日修正的《国际承认用于专利程序的微生物保存布达佩斯条约》（1977）；

Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health means the Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health (WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2), adopted on November 14, 2001;

　　《TRIPS与公共健康宣言》指2001年11月14日通过的《〈与贸易有关的知识产权协定（TRIPS协定）〉与公共健康宣言》（WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2）；

geographical indication means an indication that identifies a good as originating in the territory of a Party, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin;

　　地理标志指识别一货物源自一缔约方领土内或该领土内一地区或地方的标志，该货物的特定质量、声誉或其他特性主要归因于其地理来源；

intellectual property refers to all categories of intellectual property that are the subject of Sections 1 through 7 of Part II of the TRIPS Agreement;

　　知识产权指属《TRIPS协定》第二部分第1节至第7节的主题的 所有类别的知识产权；

Madrid Protocol means the Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks, done at Madrid, June 27, 1989;

　　《马德里议定书》指1989年6月27日订于马德里的《商标国际注册马德里协定有关议定书》；

Paris Convention means the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, as revised at Stockholm, July 14, 1967;

　　《巴黎公约》指1967年7月14日修订于斯德哥尔摩的《保护工业产权巴黎公约》；

performance means a performance fixed in a phonogram unless otherwise specified;

　　表演指固定在录音制品上的表演，除非另有规定；

with respect to copyright and related rights, the term right to authorise or prohibit refers to exclusive rights;

　　就版权和相关权而言，授权或禁止的权利指专有权；

Singapore Treaty means the Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks, done at Singapore, March 27, 2006;

　　《新加坡条约》指2006年3月27日订于新加坡的《商标法新加坡条约》；

UPOV 1991 means the International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, as revised at Geneva, March 19, 1991;

　　1991年UPOV公约指1991年3月19日修订于日内瓦的《国际植物新品种保护公约》；

WCT means the WIPO Copyright Treaty, done at Geneva, December 20, 1996;

　　WCT指1996年12月20日订于日内瓦的《WIPO版权条约》；

WIPO means the World Intellectual Property Organization;

　　WIPO指世界知识产权组织；

for greater certainty, work includes a cinematographic work, photographic work and computer program; and

　　为进一步明确，作品包括电影作品、摄影作品和计算机程序；以及

WPPT means the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, done at Geneva, December 20, 1996.

　　WPPT指1996年1月20日订于日内瓦的《WIPO表演和录音制品条约》。

2.　For the purposes of Article 18.8 (National Treatment), Article 18.31(a) (Administrative Procedures for the Protection or Recognition of Geographical Indications) and Article 18.62.1 (Related Rights):

　　2．就第18.8条（国民待遇）、第18.31条（a）项（保护或认可地理标志的行政程序）和第18.62条第1款（相关权）而言：

a national means, in respect of the relevant right, a person of a Party that would meet the criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in the agreements listed in Article 18.7 (International Agreements) or the TRIPS Agreement.

　　国民指，对于相关权利，符合第18.7条（国际协定）中所列协定或《TRIPS协定》中所规定的保护资格标准的一缔约方的人。